BACKGROUND: The use of resin-based composites is increasing in clinical practice. The success and longevity of composite-resin restorations highly depends on adequate polymerization and small polymerization shrinkage, which are closely related with light-curing modes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of two different light-curing methods on marginal adaptation and microhardness of packable posterior composite restorations. METHODS: Specimens were made from these moulds with 3 types of packable resin-based composites: Ecusphere-Carat, 3M Filtek P60 and Tetric Ceram HB, and 2 curing modes: standard and soft-start curing mode with halogen light. The marginal adaptation was evaluated by measuring the width of margin gap between the mold and specimens with scanning electron microscope. Vickers microhardness was tested on the top and bottom surfaces of the specimens.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For Filtek P60 and Tetric Ceram HB, soft-start curing mode showed lower values of the widths of marginal gap than that of standard mode (t=5.78, P < 0.05; t=5.64, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference with Ecusphere-Carat (t=1.62, P > 0.05). The top surface demonstrated higher microhardness values than the bottom surface in all experimental conditions (P < 0.05). The soft-start curing mode showed lower values of top surface hardness for the three resins than that of standard mode (P < 0.05). But no significant differences were found on the bottom surface hardness of the three resins between these two curing modes (P > 0.05). Compared with routine light-cured mode, the soft-start curing mode can reduce the polymerization shrinkage and surface hardness of packable resin-based composites.

BACKGROUND: Soft-start is a newly photoactivation mode, which has certain effect on composite resin. However, previous study mainly concentrated on the conventional resin-based composites, the reports regarding soft-start on packable resin-based composites is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: It is assumed that soft-start photoactivation had effect on packable resin-based composites, in addition, to investigate its effect on the hardness of packable resin-based composites. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A double factors design. The experiment was performed at the Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Chemical Mine Metal Material Test Laboratory, Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center in October 2007. MATERIALS: Three packable resin-based composites were Ecusphere-Carat (EC, DMG Company, Germany), Filtek P60 (P60, 3M EPSE Company, USA), Tetric Ceram HB (HB, Ivoclar Vivadent Company, Liechtenstein) and a conventional composite FiltekZ250 (Z250, 3M EPSE Company, USA). The color of composites was A3. METHODS: Three packable resin-based composites and a conventional composite were filling in a cylindrical container (7 mm diameter, 4 mm depth), to obtain 80 samples, and then were divided into different groups according to the composite and photoactivation mode (n=10). In the soft-start photoactivation, samples were irradiated by 300 mW/cm~2 for 10 s, and then 600 mW/cm~2 for 30 s. Standard photoactivation was irradiated with 600 mW/cm~2 for 40 s.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The microhardness of the top and bottom of the specimens was determined by Vickers microhardness tester. RESULTS: Three packable composites had higher hardness values than conventional composite. Though soft-start photoactivation could decrease the hardness of packable composites, the difference had no significant difference to standard mode (P > 0.05). There was significant difference on the top hardness and on the bottom hardness of conventional composite between two photoactivation modes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The soft-start mode and resin-based composites should be selected carefully according to different filing areas.

Objective: Pervious RT-PCR results revealed the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao San in treating rats of syndrome of liver invading the spleen. This experiment was designed to explore CIS rats’ immunohistochemistry findings in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA after suppressing both amygdaloid AMPA receptors by microinjection of CNQX. To compare Xiaoyao San group with CNQX group, and to analysis of these findings may prove the possibility of effective regulation channel of Xiaoyao san treating this syndrome. Methods: 75 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: normal group, CIS group, sham-operation group, CNQX group and Xiaoyao San group. The number of GluR2 positive cells in hippocampal subregion CA1 and amygdaloid subregion BLA in these 5 groups were examined by immunohistochemistry test. Results: Compared with control group, the number of GluR2 positive cells decreased in hippocampal subregion CA1. Statistical analysis showed that no difference existed in control, CNQX and Xiaoyao San groups in CA1 region. Except CNQX group, tendency of changes were contradictory in BLA and CA1 region. In addition, the least in BLA in CNQX group. This finding revealed that Xiaoyao San may act the same as CNQX, thus Xiaoyao San afforded effective protection against this depression syndrome through suppression of both amygdaloid excitability. Conclusion: The balance coordination between hippocampus and amygdala may be the key in transformation from adaption to damage in a state of stress, was one of the central mechanisms of liver governing smoothing qi flow (LGSQF) on regulating the stress. Xiaoyao San may effectively regulate the balance of the excitability of hippocampus and amygdala. This hypothesis may reveal the regulation channel on Xiaoyao San affording effective protection against liver invading the spleen syndrome.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the improvement of the optimization of Hospital information system(HIS)for the hos-pital pharmacy. METHODS:Based on management practive of the hospital and relative national requirements,the improvement and optimization of HIS function was achieved by pharmacists and software engineers. The effects of its optimization on pharmaceu-tical care were also introduced,involving hospital drug supply,pharmaceutical administration and monitoring of rational drug use. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:HIS has new functions,such as web query of secondary drug inventory,electronic management of narcotic and psychotropic drugs,electronic prescription comments,color code for TCM incompatibility management,antibiotics re-porting,etc. Compared with previous system,optimized system is more perfect in terms of full inventory tracking,web query of the drug batch number,web query of supply information,electronic management of purchasing invoice,prescription comments and monitoring of rational drug use. It decreases workload of pharmacist greatly,and increases work efficiency and accuracy. Continu-ous optimization of HIS can improve pharmaceutical care,and play an importance role on the safety,rationality and effectiveness of drug use in patients.

Objective To compare the production of farnesol between Candida albicans (C.albicans) biofilms formed by resistant and standard strains in different media,and to investigate the changing trend of farnesol production in different phases of biofilm formation and the features of farnesol production by resistant C.albicans.Methods Fluconazole-resistant C.albicans strains were induced in vitro.Standard strains and fluconazole-resistant strains of C.albicans were separately inoculated onto different media,including RPMI 1640 medium,yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium,yeast nitrogen base (YNB) + 0.5％ glucose medium,RPMI 1640 + 10％ fetal calf serum (FCS),so as to form C.albicans biofilms.Morphological changes of C.albicans biofilms at 24 hours were observed under an inverted microscope,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)was performed to detect the level of farnesol at 1.5,3,6,12,24,36 and 48 hours.Results There were no obvious differences in the morphology of C.albicans biofilms between the resistant and standard strains when they were cultured in the same medium,while the morphology of C.albicans biofilms markedly differed between the 2 kinds of strains in the different media.Three-factor analysis of variance showed that the production of farnesol in the C.albicans biofilms changed over time (F =70.628,P ＜ 0.001).Concretely speaking,during the formation of resistant and standard C.albicans biofilms,the production of farnesol gradually increased in the RPMI 1640,YPD and YNB + 0.5％ glucose media until the biofilms matured,then showed a decreasing trend.However,the time to peak levels of farnesol was different between the 2 kinds of strains in these media.Moreover,the levels of farnesol in the 2 kinds of strains both slowly increased in the RPMI 1640 + 10％ FCS medium within 12-48 hours.Culture media also significantly affected the production of farnesol (F =176.665,P ＜ 0.001),and the levels of farnesol in the resistant and standard C.albicans biofilms were both higher in the YNB + 0.5％ glucose medium.When resistant and standard strains were separately cultured in the RPMI 1640 media and the YPD media,the level of farnesol was significantly higher in the resistant strains than in the standard stains (RPMI 1640 media at 36 hours:1.157 ± 0.064 vs.0.250 ± 0.075,P ＜ 0.05;YPD media at 6 hours:0.262 ± 0.036 vs.0.055 ± 0.062,P ＜ 0.05;YPD media at 12 hours:0.730 ± 0.030 vs.0.482 ± 0.024,P ＜ 0.05).However,when they were separately cultured in the YNB + 0.5％ glucose media,the farnesol level was significantly higher in the standard stains than in the resistant strains (36 hours:2.950 ± 0.677 vs.0.523 ± 0.266,P =0.020).Conclusion The media markedly affect the production of farnesol in the C.albicans biofilms,and there is a certain difference in the production of farnesol between resistant and standard C.albicans strains.

Objective:To automatically synthesize Al 18F-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, perform PET/CT imaging in vivo, and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy on tumors. Methods:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was produced in All-in-one automatic synthesis module and its quality control was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a radioactive detector. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging was performed in normal BALB/c mice ( n=3) and 4T1 breast cancer models ( n=3) to determine its biodistribution. Then Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient (male, 51 years old). Results:The synthesis time of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was about 35 min, and the radiochemical yield was (25.2±1.9)% (attenuation correction, n=3). The product was colorless transparent solution with pH value of 7.0-7.5, and the specific activity was (46.11±3.07) GBq/μmol (attenuation correction, n=3). The radiochemical purity was above 99.0% and was still above 98.0% at room temperature after 6 h. PET/CT imaging in mice showed that physiological uptake of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 was mainly in biliary system and bladder, and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 highly concentrated in tumor xenografts. PET/CT imaging in the patient showed that Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 obtained high tumor background ratio (TBR) values of 4.1, 8.9, 5.4, 4.8, 2.2 in parasternal lymph nodes, anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes, hilar lymph nodes, pancreaticoduodenal ligament lymph nodes, abdominal aortic lymph nodes, respectively, while TBR values were 1.0, 2.8, 5.0, 2.1, 1.1 by 18F-FDG. Conclusions:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 can be synthesized with short time, high radiochemical yield and good stability using All-in-one module. Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging has high contrast and excellent diagnostic efficacy on tumors.