Objective To study the histological structures of retinotectal system in zebrafish. Methods The structures of tectum and retina were examined histologically and the total number and diameter of the optic nerve fibers were studied quantitatively. Results The retina includes 10 layers, and the tectum is differentiated into 6 layers. The mean thickness of the tectum is about 219\^7?8\^3?m. The optic nerve of zebrafish has approximately 78?960 myelinated fibers. The mean of the outer diameter (D) of the myelinated fibers was 0\^50?0\^18?m, while the mean of the inner diameter (d) is 0\^35?0\^14?m. Virtually all axons within optic nerves are myelinated.Conclusion\ The results not only accord with the typical pattern of retina and tectum in vertebrates, but also reflect the characteristic of diurnal activity and good vision in zebrafish.\;[

Early diagnosis and screening are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality by about 20％, making it the most effective screening tool. However, high false-positive rates, costs, and potential harms highlight the need for complementary biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers such as noninvasive autoantibody and plasma/serum microRNA (miRNA) were shown in several studies, making them approved for early diagnosis in our country, Europe and the United States, and their role in screening is being explored in ongoing studies.

Objective To provide anatomic basis for transposition of vascularized radial midforearm flap. Methods On 40 adult cadaveric upper limber specimens injected with red dye, the origin, course, branchs, diameters and anastomosis of intermuscular branch of radial artery and its cutaneous branch were observed. Results Originating from radial artery, intermuscular branch of radial artery descended along periosteum closely between pronator teres and supinator, the main stem was (4.8?1.0) cm in length and (1.2?0.2) mm in diameter. After its periosteal branches were sent off to distribute over middle and inferior shaft of radius, its eutaneous branch perforated from intermuscle and deep fascia and anastomosed with some other cutaneous branches in the forearm. Perforating point of the cutaneous branch was located(11.1?1.3) cm beneath laleral epicondyle of humerus, its diameter was about(0.6?0.1)mm. Conclusion Radial midforrarm flap pedicled with intermuscular branch of radial artery can be transferred to repair soft tissue defect of elbow, forearm or hand.

Objective To investigate the special cases of distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle. Methods Since February 2004,distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle was applied for repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in 7 cases, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous chronic osteomylitis of tibia lower section 1 case, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous dead space of foot heel 3 cases, the soft tissue defeat of sole of foot simultaneous bone loss of calcaneus epicarp (5～8 mm) 3 cases, the scope of the flap was 16 cm?12 cm～10 cm?7 cm, the thickness of gastrocnemius flap was 1～4 cm, the muscle flap was smaller than the skin flap. Results Viewing 15 to 20 minutes during operation, muscle side of the muscle flap was errhysising actively, blood circulation fine, all flap were lively. All cases were followed up from 2 to 6 months, osteomyelitis cured, muscle flap outline satisfied, feels recoveried almost, and walk well. Conclusion Distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle can live, the operation is easy, and it is an good donner area in repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in special cases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and choroidal thickness,and evaluate the utility of a choroidal thickness measurement in assessing IBD activity.Methods A total of 100 eyes of 50 patients of IBD with different disease activity,including 23 patients of ulcerative colitis,27 patients of Crohn's disease (CD).Ninety-six eyes of 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging(EDI)optical coherence tomography.Results Compared with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (294.37 ± 35.04) μm in healthy volunteers,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (349.28 ± 76.57) μm in UC patients with severe disease activity,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (326.71 ± 59.71) μm and (354.24 ± 66.34) μm,respectively,in CD patients with moderate and severe disease activity were found to be increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Choroidal thickness should be considered as a potential marker to assess the disease activity in patients with IBD,especially in patients with CD.

Objective To analyze the computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)appearances of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL)and evaluate the value in the diagnosis of the disease.Methods CT and MR images of 38 patients of pathologically confirmed PCCCL were evaluated retrospectively.Twenty-six patients underwent CT,23 underwent MRI, and 1 1 underwent both CT and MRI.Results In pre-contrast CT scanning,24 PCCCLs appeared hypodense and 2 hyperdense.As for MRI 1 9 of the 23 PCCCLs were hypointense and 4 were iso-hypointense on T1 WI.While on T2 WI,22 cases were heterogeneously hyperintense,and 1was iso-hypointense.On the arterial phase of CT/MRI,all cases presented intense enhancement,and on the portal venous phase,35 cases(35/38,92.1%)were relatively hypodense/hypointense and 3 were slightly hyperdense/hyperintense.Among the tumors larger than 3 cm(n=22),nodular enhancement pattern was found in 14 cases(63.6%,14/22).The capsular rim en-hancement was demonstrated in 26 cases.Conclusion PCCCL showed similar dynamic enhancement pattern as common hepatocellu-lar carcinoma,but also depicted specific imaging features.

BACKGROUND:To decrease operation amount of finite element analysis and increase its clinical practice,previous studies explored the material properties and 10 kinds of material attributes were assigned,which met the requirements of finite element analysis.Moreover,it can be used to calculate bone density.OBJECTIVE:To explore a method for measurement of bone density based on three-dimensional reconstruction and finite element analysis.METHODS:A total of 11 specimens of femoral superior segment were selected.The mass of control group was firstly measured.The experimental groups were treated with thin-slice high resolution CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction in Mimics 10.0,volume meshing in Ansys,assigned with 10,100 and 400 kinds of material attributes Mimics,exported to Ansys to calculat the volumes of the block elements of every types of material attributes.The mass and the density of the specimens was harvested according to the empirical formula concerning the gray value and the bone density.All results were treated with one-way ANOVA.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:One-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences between control group and experimental groups assigned with 10,100 and 400 kinds of material attributes (P＞0.28),and there were no significantly among the experimental groups (P＞0.8).Results show that the method was able to measure the mass and the density of bone quantitatively,as well as the proportion between compact bone and cancellous bone;to assign 10 kinds of material attributes to three-dimensional model of femur could match the needs for measurements.The results can be used as an initial preparation for the unification of bone density and finite element analysis for osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:Based on previously theoretical derivation,it thought that assignment with 10 kinds of material attributes to three-dimensional model of bone can match the needs of finite element analysis,however,whether the results is consistent with actual needs to be validated by experimental results.OBJECTIVE:Twelve specimens of femoral superior segment were used for finite element analysis,which were verified with results of biomechanical testing,to explore a reasonable method for material assignment of bone.METHODS:All 12 specimens of femoral superior segment were treated with CT scan,three-dimensional reconstruction in Mimics 10.0 and volume meshing in Ansys.The finite element analysis group was divided into 2 kinds (compact bone and cancellated bone),10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes groups based on the gray value.All models were assigned with material attributes and tested in Ansys for mechanics data of nodes on surface of femoral neck.In biomechanical testing group,12 specimens of femoral superior segment were treated with compressed testing to harvest mechanics data of measuring point same as that of finite element analysis group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The one-way analysis of variance showed that the differences between the biomechanical testing group and finite element analysis group of 2 kinds of material attributes had no obvious significance (P=0.082).Compared to the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes group,the difference had no significance (P > 0.39).However,the differences between the 2 kinds of material attributes and the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes in the finite element analysis group were obviously difference (P< 0.05),which was no difference in the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes (P>0.9).The results demonstrated that to assign 10 kinds of material attributes to three-dimensional model of bone can match the needs of finite element analysis.

Objective To analyze MR imaging appearance of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) and to investigate the practical value of MR imaging appearance in predicting pathological grade of pNEN. Methods All data of 35 patients with pathologically proven pNEN were retrospectively reviewed. MR examinations of the abdomen were performed on all these patients before operation and the data of clinical, pathological and MR imaging were intact. Both plain scan and contrast-enhanced MR scan were performed on each patient. Histopathological grade of pNEN was defined as: G1, G2, and G3 according to World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system guidelines(2010). Image analysis included tumor location, number, size, shape, lesion margins, signal intensity, enhancement pattern, main pancreatic duct dilatation, extrapancreatic spread, and metastases of lymph node and liver. The comparison of quantitative index between G1 and G2 group was performed with t test. Categorical variables were tested using Fisher exact test. Results Thirty five lesions were found in 35 patients, with 14 lesions in G1, 19 lesions in G2, and 2 lesions in G3.Thirty three lesions appeared as a solid mass, and 2 lesions appeared as a cystic lesion. Significant gender-based difference was found between G1 group and G2 group (P<0.05). No significant age-based or endocrine function difference was found between the G1 group and G2 group(P>0.05). Of the 35 lesions, 27 lesions were round in shape, while other 8 lesions were irregular. There were 18 lesions with clear margin, and the margins in other 17 lesions were blurred. Main pancreatic duct dilatation was found in 3 cases(1 in G2, 2 in G3). Significant differences in tumor diameter, shape, margin, signal intensity on precontrast images, extrapancreatic spread and metastases were found between G1 group and G2 group(P<0.05). No significant difference was found in main pancreatic duct dilatation or signal intensity on all enhancement phases between G1 group and G2 group. The 2 lesions in G3 group appeared mild contrast enhancement with degrees lower than the pancreas in all enhancement phases. Conclusion MR imaging features such as tumor diameter, shape, margin, signal intensity on precontrast images, extrapancreatic spread and metastases may preoperatively predict the pathological graden of pNEN.

Objective To study the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (Trem-1)in psoriatic vulgaris and normal skin tissues and blood,and to explore the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods Immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of Trem-1 in the blood and tissues of normal skin and psoriasis.Results The positive expression rate of Trem-1 in psoriatic lesion was significantly higher than normal tissue.Trem-1 was expressed in the whole epidermis,with a significant difference (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Trem-1 was significantly higher in psoriatic skin tissues and blood than in normal skin tissues and blood (P<0.05).Moreover,the mRNA expression of Trem-1 was positively correlated with PASI (P<0.05).Conclusion Abnormal expression of Trem-1 might be related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Trem-1 will cure psoriasis vulgaris as the potential therapeutic target.