Objective To study the histological structures of retinotectal system in zebrafish. Methods The structures of tectum and retina were examined histologically and the total number and diameter of the optic nerve fibers were studied quantitatively. Results The retina includes 10 layers, and the tectum is differentiated into 6 layers. The mean thickness of the tectum is about 219\^7?8\^3?m. The optic nerve of zebrafish has approximately 78?960 myelinated fibers. The mean of the outer diameter (D) of the myelinated fibers was 0\^50?0\^18?m, while the mean of the inner diameter (d) is 0\^35?0\^14?m. Virtually all axons within optic nerves are myelinated.Conclusion\ The results not only accord with the typical pattern of retina and tectum in vertebrates, but also reflect the characteristic of diurnal activity and good vision in zebrafish.\;[

Early diagnosis and screening are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality by about 20％, making it the most effective screening tool. However, high false-positive rates, costs, and potential harms highlight the need for complementary biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers such as noninvasive autoantibody and plasma/serum microRNA (miRNA) were shown in several studies, making them approved for early diagnosis in our country, Europe and the United States, and their role in screening is being explored in ongoing studies.

Objective To provide anatomic basis for transposition of vascularized radial midforearm flap. Methods On 40 adult cadaveric upper limber specimens injected with red dye, the origin, course, branchs, diameters and anastomosis of intermuscular branch of radial artery and its cutaneous branch were observed. Results Originating from radial artery, intermuscular branch of radial artery descended along periosteum closely between pronator teres and supinator, the main stem was (4.8?1.0) cm in length and (1.2?0.2) mm in diameter. After its periosteal branches were sent off to distribute over middle and inferior shaft of radius, its eutaneous branch perforated from intermuscle and deep fascia and anastomosed with some other cutaneous branches in the forearm. Perforating point of the cutaneous branch was located(11.1?1.3) cm beneath laleral epicondyle of humerus, its diameter was about(0.6?0.1)mm. Conclusion Radial midforrarm flap pedicled with intermuscular branch of radial artery can be transferred to repair soft tissue defect of elbow, forearm or hand.

Objective To investigate the special cases of distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle. Methods Since February 2004,distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle was applied for repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in 7 cases, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous chronic osteomylitis of tibia lower section 1 case, the soft tissue defeat simultaneous dead space of foot heel 3 cases, the soft tissue defeat of sole of foot simultaneous bone loss of calcaneus epicarp (5～8 mm) 3 cases, the scope of the flap was 16 cm?12 cm～10 cm?7 cm, the thickness of gastrocnemius flap was 1～4 cm, the muscle flap was smaller than the skin flap. Results Viewing 15 to 20 minutes during operation, muscle side of the muscle flap was errhysising actively, blood circulation fine, all flap were lively. All cases were followed up from 2 to 6 months, osteomyelitis cured, muscle flap outline satisfied, feels recoveried almost, and walk well. Conclusion Distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap with muscle can live, the operation is easy, and it is an good donner area in repairing the soft tissue defect of foot and ankle in special cases.

To investigate the gene mutation in a pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) and to explore the relationship between the mutation and its clinical manifestations, genomic DNA of affected members, the normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members was extracted with a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit and the DNA was used as a template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated amplification of exon 1 and exon 10 of the STS gene. hHb6 (human hair basic keratin) gene was used as the internal control. Our results showed that the STS gene was deleted in affected members in the pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis. The normal member of the pedigree and 50 unrelated normal members had no such deletion. The proband and his mother had products in the internal control after PCR amplification. The blank control had no product. It is concluded that deletion of the STS gene existed in this pedigree with X-linked ichthyosis, and it is responsible for the unique skin lesions of X-linked ichthyosis.
Gene Deletion ; Ichthyosis, X-Linked/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Steryl-Sulfatase/*genetics

Objective To analyze the computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)appearances of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL)and evaluate the value in the diagnosis of the disease.Methods CT and MR images of 38 patients of pathologically confirmed PCCCL were evaluated retrospectively.Twenty-six patients underwent CT,23 underwent MRI, and 1 1 underwent both CT and MRI.Results In pre-contrast CT scanning,24 PCCCLs appeared hypodense and 2 hyperdense.As for MRI 1 9 of the 23 PCCCLs were hypointense and 4 were iso-hypointense on T1 WI.While on T2 WI,22 cases were heterogeneously hyperintense,and 1was iso-hypointense.On the arterial phase of CT/MRI,all cases presented intense enhancement,and on the portal venous phase,35 cases(35/38,92.1%)were relatively hypodense/hypointense and 3 were slightly hyperdense/hyperintense.Among the tumors larger than 3 cm(n=22),nodular enhancement pattern was found in 14 cases(63.6%,14/22).The capsular rim en-hancement was demonstrated in 26 cases.Conclusion PCCCL showed similar dynamic enhancement pattern as common hepatocellu-lar carcinoma,but also depicted specific imaging features.

OBJECTIVE To investigate antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology profiles of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)sampled from lower respiratory tract.METHODS Totally 107 MRSA strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract specimens at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between Dec 2005 and Dec 2006.PVL genes were detected by PCR.The genotypes of SCCmec were identified by multiplex PCR.The antimicrobial resistance of MRSA were tested by Kirby-Bauer agar dilution.We also performed the homology of 32 MRSA strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).RESULTS All of the 107 MRSA strains were negative in the PVL locus detection and the most frequent SCCmec types were type Ⅲ(81.3%),the others including type Ⅱ(15.9%),type Ⅳ(2.8%),type Ⅰ and type Ⅴ were not found in this group.Those 3 different types of SCCmec were all resistant to ?-lactam antibiotics,less resistant to rifampin,and susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin and daptomycin.The resistant rate of those 3 types were different to the non-?-lactam antimicrobial drugs such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,clindamycin,erythromycin,gentamicin,levofloxacin,and tetracycline,the resistant rate in the types Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than the type Ⅳ.PFGE analyses assorted the 32 MRSA strains into 4 PFGE patterns:pulsotype A(25 strains),including subtypes A1(17strains),A2(1 strain)and A3(7 strains);pulsotype B(5 strains),pulsotype C(1 strain),and pulsotype D(1 strain).CONCLUSIONS This study does not found positive PVL locus in the MRSA strains in our hospital,the most frequent SCCmec types are type Ⅲ and some are type Ⅱ.PFGE presented that there are outbreaks of MRSA in ICU ward and TB ward No 5 at that time and the pandemic strains are subtypes A1 and A3,most of these MRSA strains are multiple resistant,which deserves attention from both the clinical staff and infection-control department of the hospital.

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity and choroidal thickness,and evaluate the utility of a choroidal thickness measurement in assessing IBD activity.Methods A total of 100 eyes of 50 patients of IBD with different disease activity,including 23 patients of ulcerative colitis,27 patients of Crohn's disease (CD).Ninety-six eyes of 48 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging(EDI)optical coherence tomography.Results Compared with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (294.37 ± 35.04) μm in healthy volunteers,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (349.28 ± 76.57) μm in UC patients with severe disease activity,the subfoveal choroidal thickness (326.71 ± 59.71) μm and (354.24 ± 66.34) μm,respectively,in CD patients with moderate and severe disease activity were found to be increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Choroidal thickness should be considered as a potential marker to assess the disease activity in patients with IBD,especially in patients with CD.

BACKGROUND:Based on previously theoretical derivation,it thought that assignment with 10 kinds of material attributes to three-dimensional model of bone can match the needs of finite element analysis,however,whether the results is consistent with actual needs to be validated by experimental results.OBJECTIVE:Twelve specimens of femoral superior segment were used for finite element analysis,which were verified with results of biomechanical testing,to explore a reasonable method for material assignment of bone.METHODS:All 12 specimens of femoral superior segment were treated with CT scan,three-dimensional reconstruction in Mimics 10.0 and volume meshing in Ansys.The finite element analysis group was divided into 2 kinds (compact bone and cancellated bone),10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes groups based on the gray value.All models were assigned with material attributes and tested in Ansys for mechanics data of nodes on surface of femoral neck.In biomechanical testing group,12 specimens of femoral superior segment were treated with compressed testing to harvest mechanics data of measuring point same as that of finite element analysis group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The one-way analysis of variance showed that the differences between the biomechanical testing group and finite element analysis group of 2 kinds of material attributes had no obvious significance (P=0.082).Compared to the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes group,the difference had no significance (P > 0.39).However,the differences between the 2 kinds of material attributes and the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes in the finite element analysis group were obviously difference (P< 0.05),which was no difference in the 10,50,100,200,400 kinds of material attributes (P>0.9).The results demonstrated that to assign 10 kinds of material attributes to three-dimensional model of bone can match the needs of finite element analysis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS imaging features for metastatic mediastinal/hilar lymph node enlargement in lung cancer.Methods The lung cancer patients with a pathological diagnosis and without preoperative anti-tumor treatment who got the EBUS-TBNA examination from October 2009 to September 2011 were retrospectively analysis.422 lung cancer patients with 683 mediastinal / hilar lymph nodes were enrolled in this study,including 335 males and 87 females; the median age is 61 years old (range 24-82),EBUS lymph node ultrasound image and the final pathological or follow-up results were compared by the statistical analysis.Homogeneity in the lymph node EBUS image feature was defined as:uniform echo in the ultrasound images,cortex existed in the peripheral areas,medulla existed in lymph central with a slightly stronger echo and represent as a small strip.Heterogeneity was defined as: the ultrasound image was defined as uneven echo involved with coagulation necrosis sign,which was the hypoechoic areas without blood flow in the lymph nodes and represent no blood flow in the CDPI mode.The coagulation necrosis was associated with necrosis within the lymph node.In addition,if the CNS region occupied more than 11％ of the entire lymph node in a complete lymph node or just a part of huge lymph nodes in the EBUS imaging window frame,we also regard it as heterogeneity.If a complete lymph node was seen in the EBUS imaging window frame,we measured the longest diameter to the long axis and its vertical maximum diameter to the short axis.If the lymph node was huge and extended the EBUS imaging window frame,we measured the longest diameter in the frame as the long axis of its vertical maximum diameter to be the short axis.As to the EBUS-TBNA negative lymph nodes,we regarded it was malignant lymph node if the diameter of the lymph node increased by 20％ in the patients who did not received any chemotherapy or radiotherapy or the diameter of the lymph node increased or decreased by 20％ in the patients who received any chemotherapy or radiotherapy six month later in the chest enhanced CT scan,otherwise,it was identified as benign lymph node.We used the RECIST 1.1 solid tumors criteria to evaluate the efficacy of the chemotherapy.Results 422 patients were enrolled this study including 93 squamous carcinomas,137 adenocarcinomas,97 small cell lung cancer,42 poorly differentiated non-small cell lung cancer,29 adenosquamous carcinoma and 24 other malignant tumors (including large cell carcinoma,sarcomatoid carcinoma,carcinoid tumors,etc).The sensitivity of the EBUS-TBNA was 93.8％ (396/422).The diagnostic methods and results in the 683 lymph nodes were as the following: 506/683 (74.1％) was confirmed as cancer by the EBUS-TBNA while 177/683 (25.9％) was diagnosed as benign disease.Among these,32/683 (4.7％) was confirmed as cancer and 57/683 (8.3％)was confirmed as benign disease by surgery,9/683 (1.3％) was confirmed as cancer and 79/683 (11.6％) was confirmed as benign disease by the method of follow-up.the sensitivity for the EBUS-TBNA to be malignant was 506/547 (92.5 ％),specificity was 136/136 (100％),positive predictive value was 506/506 (100％),negative predictive value was 136/177(76.8％) and accuracy was 642/683 (94.0％).The short axis diameter in the 683 lymph nodes ranged from 0.40cm to 4.60cm with an average diameter of (1.58 ± 0.68) cm.Among them,the short axis diameter in the malignant lymph node was (1.75 ± 0.63) cm,and in the benign lymph nodes was (0.92 ± 0.40) cm.527 lymph nodes presented heterogeneity under the ultrasound imaging,in which,519/527 (98.5 ％)were malignant lymph nodes.While,156 lymph nodes presented homogeneity and 28/156 (17.9％) were malignant lymph nodes (x2 =489.5,P ＜0.01).In the heterogeneous lymph node with a short axis diameter more than 1.0cm,the sensitivity to be malignant was 89.4％,specificity was 100％ and accuracy was 89.6％.In the homogeneous lymph node with a short axis diameter less than 0.8cm,the sensitivity to be benign was 43.8％,specificity was 67.8％ and accuracy was 48.1％.Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is new biopsy method for the mediastinal / hilar lymph node.The classification based on EBUS imaging-based lymph node ultrasound image features was helpful to identify the procedure for the diagnostic purposes and could help to distinguish the benign or malignant mediastinal / hilar lymph node in lung cancer patients.