OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether auraptene (AUR) exerts a protective effect on acute diquat (DQ)-induced liver injury in mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Forty SPF-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (Control group), DQ poisoning model group (DQ group), AUR treatment group (DQ+AUR group), and AUR control group (AUR group), with 10 mice in each group. The DQ poisoning model was established via a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg DQ aqueous solution (0.5 mL); Control group and AUR group received an equal volume of pure water intraperitoneally. Four hours post-modeling, DQ+AUR group and AUR group were administered 0.5 mg/kg AUR aqueous solution (0.2 mL) by gavage once daily for 7 consecutive days, while Control group and DQ group received pure water. Blood and liver tissues were collected after anesthesia on day 7. Liver ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected using WST-1, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and enzymatic reaction methods, respectively. Protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and activated caspase-9 in liver tissues was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondria in the Control group exhibited mild swelling, uneven distribution of matrix, and a small number of cristae fractures. In the AUR group, mitochondria showed mild swelling, with no obvious disruption of cristae structure. In the DQ group, mitochondria demonstrated marked swelling and increased volume, matrix dissolution, loss and fragmentation of cristae, and extensive vacuolization. In contrast, the DQ+AUR group showed significantly reduced mitochondrial swelling, volume increase, matrix dissolution, cristae loss and fragmentation, and vacuolization compared to the DQ group. Compared with the DQ group, the DQ+AUR group exhibited significantly lower serum AST levels (U/L: 173.45±23.60 vs. 255.33±41.51), ALT levels (U/L: 51.77±21.63 vs. 100.70±32.35), and hepatic MDA levels (μmol/g: 12.40±2.76 vs. 19.74±4.10), along with higher hepatic GSH levels (mmol/g: 37.65±14.95 vs. 20.58±8.52) and SOD levels (kU/g: 124.10±33.77 vs. 82.81±22.00), the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Western blotting showed upregulated Nrf2 expression (Nrf2/β-actin: 0.87±0.37 vs. 0.53±0.22) and HO-1 expression (HO-1/β-actin: 1.06±0.22 vs. 0.49±0.08), and downregulated Keap1 expression (Keap1/β-actin: 0.82±0.12 vs. 1.52±0.76) and activated caspase-9 expression (activated caspase-9/β-actin: 1.16±0.28 vs. 1.71±0.30) in the DQ+AUR group compared to the DQ group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION AUR attenuates DQ-induced acute liver injury in mice by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Liver/pathology* ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy* ; Diquat/poisoning* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress ; Apoptosis ; Coumarins

Stroke is one of the main diseases endangering the health and life of the middle-aged and elderly,and in recent years it shows a younger trend.It has the characteristics of high incidence,mortality and disability rate.Atherosclerosis is the main intervention target for stroke prevention and treatment.CircRNA is highly expressed in the cerebrovascular system and plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion and ischemic stroke.This paper reviews the mechanism of circRNA and miRNA molecular network in the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis,ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injury,so as to provide theoretical support for the application of circRNA in gene diagnosis and drug treatment of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of transfer of a free segment of the proximal second toe interphalangeal joint composite tissue flap in reconstruction of defects of interphalangeal joint of fingers, and simultaneously reconstruct the donor site defect left with the second toe by a transfer of a pedicled bone flap of the fibular proximal great toe.Methods:From December 2020 to April 2023, a total of 9 patients with interphalangeal joint defects of fingers were treated in the Department of Hand Microsurgery of Shunde Heping Surgery Hospital. The patients were 7 males and 2 females, aged 18-55 years old, with an average age of 31 years old. Firstly, transfers of a free segment of the proximal second toe interphalangeal joint composite tissue flap were performed to reconstruct the defects of finger joints. Simultaneously in the surgery, transfers of the fibular pedicled bone flap of the proximal great toe were conducted to reconstruct the donor site defects left in the second toe. Patients were instructed with appropriate postoperative functional exercises. K-wires were removed at 8-12 weeks after surgery. Outpatient visits, telephone and WeChat follow-ups were conducted to evaluate the appearance and functional recovery of the reconstructed interphalangeal joints and donor feet. Evaluation Trial Standards of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) foot function scoring standards were employed in the evaluation.Results:Postoperative follow-up lasted for 6 to 30 months. All of the 9 interphalangeal joint composite tissue flaps in the fingers survived with complete and good appearance. Function of the reconstructed interphalangeal joints of the fingers recovered well. According to the Evaluation Trial Standards of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, the average score achieved 12 points, with 6 patients of excellent, 2 of good and 1 of fair. After surgery, the appearance and function of the donor great toes and second toes all recovered well. The average score of the scars in donor second toe evaluated by VSS was 4 points. All the donor feet were kept with 5 toes, with full, intact and good in appearance. According to the AOFAS foot function scoring standard, the average score achieved 95 points, and were excellent.Conclusion:Application of transfer of free proximal segment of interphalangeal joint composite tissue flap of the second toe in reconstruction of the interphalangeal joint defect of a finger, and simultaneously reconstruct the defect left with the donor second toe with a fibular proximal great toe flap pedicled with bone tissue can achieve good clinical efficacy in reconstruction of the defects of interphalangeal joint of fingers, restore the function of the interphalangeal joint of fingers and the appearance and function of the donor foot.

Objective To study the relationship between ischemic stroke and gene polymorphism of an-giotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) among the population of Zhuang nationality in western Gui. Methods We directly sequenced ACE, APOE and MTHFR genes in 149 cases of ischemic stroke and 109 cases of normal people in western Gui. χ2 test was used to measure the relationship between gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke. Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium test was used to evaluate the reliability of these data. Results In the ischemic stroke group, 62 cases, 22 cases and 65 cases carried II genetype, DD genetype and ID genetype in ACE. χ2 test showed no relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke. In analysis of the polymorpism of APOE in the ischemic stroke and control group, no relationship between APOE gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke was found by χ2 test. MTFHR gene polymorphism was significantly related with ischemic stroke by χ2 test (P = 0.019). Conclusion Polymorphism of gene MTFHR but neither ACE nor APOE is significantly associated with ischemic stroke.

This paper explore the possibility of using the partition of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in the phases of liposome and water to predict the absorption of the drug in small intestine of rats. In order to certify this theory, the in vivo absorption model have been used to study the absorption of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in the small intestine of rats while altering the pH of the medium. The correlation has been explored between the partition of drug in the phases of liposome and water and the absorption of drug in the small intestines of rats. And it was found that the partition of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in the phases of liposome and water and the absorption of the drug in small intestines of rats altered with the changes of pH, and there existed a good relative coefficient between them. All of these indicated that partition of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in phases of liposome and water can be used to predict its absorption in small intestines of rats.
Animals ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; physiology ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Rats ; Water ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of the abnormally accumulated iron ions in the perihematoma tissue lesions and the impact of deferoxamine intervention. Methods A total of 135 SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation (n = 15), intracerebral hemorrhage (n =60) and deferoxamine (n =60) groups. A rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by the infusion of autologous blood. The neurological deficit score, brain water content (dry/wet weight method), blood-brain barrier permeability (Evans blue extravasation method), DNA fragmentation (TUNEL staining), and the impact of deferoxamine intervention were observed at different time points in all groups.Results One to seven days after intracerebral hemorrhage, the neurological deficit score, perihematomal water content, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the numbers of TUNEL positive cells in the intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group (P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01, and P ＜0.05). All the observation indexes in the deferoxamine and intracerebral hemorrhage groups showed the same trend, however, the neurological score, perihematomal water content, the blood brain barrier permeability, and the numbers of TUNEL positive cells were significantly lower than those in the intracerebral hemorrhage group (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.05, and P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The abnormal accumulation of iron ions involves in the pathological injury of perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage, and deferoxamine may reduce this injury.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method to evaluate the in vitro release of Zhike Pingchuan sustained-release tablets.

METHODThe ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, scopolamine were chosen as marker components components, and the chromatographic conditions were chosen according to the separation of baseline and theoretical plate number for determining the marker in vitro release of Zhike Pingchuan sustained-release tablets; through the dissolution curves of the three active components, the release behavior was judged as well-balanced release or not.

RESULTCompared with conventional tablets, the Zhike Pingchuan sustained-release tablets had a well-balanced behavior in 10 h.

CONCLUSIONThe maker components of Zhike Pingchuan sustained-release tablets and two chromatographic conditions, which were used to determine the dissolution of the sustained-release tablets, could be chosen as evaluation methods for the in vitro release of Zhike Pingchuan sustained-release tablets.

Administration, Oral ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Stability ; Ephedrine ; chemistry ; Hardness ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Tablets ; chemistry

【Objective】 To assay the naringenin content in different medicinal materials of Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG). 【Methods】 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the naringenin content in different medicinal materials of ECG. The chromatographic conditions were: gradient elution being performed with methanol as mobile phase A and water - acetic acid (61: 4) as mobile phase B, flowing rate being 1.0 mL/min; detecting wavelength at 283 nm. 【Results】 In the rage of 0.088～0.880 ?g, naringenin showed a good linearity with the chromatographic peak area, r=0.9999, average recovery rate was 95.49% and RSD=2.00% (n=5). The naringenin content in 23 different samples of ECG was in the range of 0.1～1.0 mg?g~(-1). 【Conclusion】 It is the first time to establish the HPLC method for the determination of naringenin content in ECG and the method is accurate and reproducible. Naringenin content in varieties of ECG is stable and the difference of naringenin content between Citrus grandis Osbeck. Var. tomentosa Hort. and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is not significant.

[Objective] To compare the difference of fingerprints of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. from different places of origin. [Methods] The chemical components of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. from 6 places of origin were detected by thin-layer chromatography. [ Results ] The thin-layer chromatogram of volatile components of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. from different places of origin was similar. The contents of methanol-extract and petroleum-ether-extract from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. planted in Gaoyao, Guangdong differed greatly from those in other places of origin, which can be used to identify the herb of Pogostemon cablin ( Blanco) Benth. from Gaoyao, Guangdong. [Conclusion] Thin-layer chromatographic fingerprints can be used as the parameter to differentiate Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. from different places of origin.

[Objective] To optimize the preparation technology of Maodongqing Drop Pill (MDP). [Methods] Orthogonal design was used to observe the influence of preparation conditions such as dry extract content, dry extract gram size, gel forming matrix and cooling agents on the quality of MDP. [Results] MDP made under the optimized conditions was good in shape, and color and luster, and not adhesive, indicating the good quality of the product. [Conclusion] This optimized preparation technology of MDP is simple with satisfied technique parameters and is suitable for mass production in the enterprises.