Objective To analyze the relationship between anemia and blood levels of lead and trace elements in children,and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of anemia.Methods 80 children with anemia(case group)and 90 health children (control group)were enrolled in the study.The blood levels of trace elements (iron,zinc,calcium,magnesium,copper)and lead were detected in all subjects,in order to analyze their correlations with anemia.Results Compared with control group,the blood levels of iron,zinc and magnesium in case group were significantly lower(P<0.05),while the blood levels of calcium and lead were significantly higher(P<0.05).The blood level of copper in case group was close to that in control group(P>0.05).With the re-duction of iron,zinc and magnesium and the rise of calcium and lead,the severity of anemia increased significantly(P<0.05). Effects of copper level on the severity of anemia was not obvious(P>0.05).The blood level of iron was positive correlated with Hb,RBC and MCH (P<0.05).The blood level of zinc was positive correlated with Hb and MCH(P<0.05).The blood level of lead was negative correlated with Hb,MCV and MCH(P<0.05).Conclusion The blood level changes of trace elements and leas effect the severity of anemia in children.It is necessary to test the blood levels of trace elements and lead.

Objective:To study the actual effect of the use of personal protective equipment of the examined individuals, and provide reference and basis for the correct use of personal protective equipment and the radiological health administrative law enforcement.Methods:From February to June 2022, the imaging department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital selected 170 patients who underwent X-ray imaging examination (oral panoramic, dental radiography, DR photography, CT scanning), including 25 with oral panoramic and dental radiography, 60 with CT scanning and 60 with DR imaging. The thermoluminescent dosimeter was used to detect the ambient dose equivalent at the point of concern for 170 examined individuals who have used personal protective equipment to cover their sensitive parts, and to analyze the data detected at the same point as above when routinely using the same equipment.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead neckband ( t=-2.23, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same point inside and outside the lead collar during dental radiography ( P>0.05). During DR photography (chest PA, lateral and lumbar AP), the examined individuals were wearing lead aprons. Among them, there was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead aprons of children′s chest PA and adults′ chest PA ( U=10.00, 19.00, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points inside and outside the lead aprons of adult′s chest PA and lumbar AP ( P>0.05). When performing CT scan (chest or upper abdomen), there was a statistically significant difference in the dose equivalent at the same points of wrapped lead aprons( U=878.50, 11.00, P<0.05). Conclusions:The correct use of personal protective equipment is a complex technical problem. It is very important to fully and accurately understand the optimization principle of radiation protection and correctly use personal protective equipment for the examined individuals. The administrative punishment of radiation health on the use of personal protective equipment of the examined individuals should be cautious.