c-Met is one member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).It is closely related between the over-expression of c-Met and a wide variety of tumor occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, prognosis and drug resistance.Therefore, c-Met is a potential target for oncotherapy, and researches on its inhibitors have become a hot spot in the field of tumor treatment.Aptamers targeting c-Met are gained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).They can bind to c-Met with high specificity and affinity, resulting in the activation or inhibition of c-Met.We envision that anti-c-Met aptamers would be ideal new c-Met inhibitors after optimization, and could be developed into potential targeted drugs for cancers.

Objective Establish detection method to measure Vibrio vulnificus rapidly and accurately.MethodsUsing flow cytometry(FCM)and a 5'-FITC fluorescent labeled aptamer with high binding affinity to detect Vibrio vulnificus rapidly.Measure a series of concentrations of Vibrio vulnificus to identify the Limit of Blank, Lower Limit of Detection, Linearity Range, etc.ResultsCombined application of FCM and the aptamer can detect Vibrio vulnificus rapidly with the duration less than 1 hour and lower limit of detection as low as 29 CFU/mL.Conclusion The aptamer targeting Vibrio vulnificus is an excellent detective element, while FCM can realize accurate quantitative detection.The detection method has great application potential.

Objective To evaluate the role of intestinal flora disturbance in development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged mice and the relationship with regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cells 1/T helper cells 2 (Th1/Th2) in the small intestine.Methods Thirty-six SPF healthy male C57BL/6J mice,weighing 45-50 g,aged 18 months,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),POCD group and POCD plus VSL#3 group (group PV).POCD was induced by abdominal exploration.VSL#3 probiotics was given by intragastric gavage (300 μl per time,once a day) every 24 h for 7 consecutive days starting from the end of surgery in group PV.Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function at day 7 after operation.Orbital venous blood samples were collected after the end of Morris water maze test,and animals were then sacrificed and small intestine and hippocampi were removed for measurement of the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+Treg,TCD4+IFN-γ+Th1 and CD4+IL-4+Th2 in the lamina propria of small intestine and plasma and expression of IL-4 and IFN-γmRNA in the lamina propria of small intestine,plasma and hippocampal tissues,and IL-4 mRNA/IFN-γmRNA ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and CD4+IL-4+ Th2 in the lamina propria of small intestine and plasma was significantly decreased,the percentage of CD4+ IFN-γ+Th1 in the lamina propria of small intestine and plasma was increased,the expression of IL-4 mRNA in the lamina propria of small intestine,plasma and hippocampal tissues was down-regulated,the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in the lamina propria of small intestine,plasma and hippocampal tissues was up-regulated,IL-4 mRNA/IFN-γ mRNA ratio was decreased,the escape latency and swimming distance were prolonged,and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened in group POCD (P＜0.05).Compared with group POCD,the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg and CD4+IL-4+ Th2 in the lamina propria of small intestine and plasma was significantly increased,the percentage of CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 in the lamina propria of small intestine and plasma was decreased,the expression of IL-4 mRNA in the lamina propria of small intestine,plasma and hippocampal tissues was upregulated,the expression of IFN-γmRNA in the lamina propria of small intestine,plasma and hippocampal tissues was down-regulated,IL-4 mRNA/IFN-γmRNA ratio was increased,the escape latency and swimming distance were shortened,and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged in group PV (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intestinal flora disturbance can promote the development of POCD in aged mice,which is related to the decreased percentage of Treg and Th1/Th2 imbalance in the small intestine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate normal bony anatomy of the glenoid rim, to measure inner glenoid rim angle and outer glenoid rim angle, and the angles for successful anchor insertion for arthroscopic labral repairs.

METHODSTwelve unpaired isolated human glenoids (6 right, 6 left) without any evidence of trauma were for studying. The glenoid specimens were scanned using 320-slice CT (Aquilion ONE), then reconstruction glenoid to a three dimensional model using materialise's interactive medical image control system (Mimics) and to obtain cross-sectional images in 6 different planes, mark the right glenoid rim with clockwise tag, the left with counterclockwise tag. Inner glenoid rim angle marked as angle α and outer glenoid rim angle marked as angle β were measured from the cross-sectional images of the glenoids at 8 positions: 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-o'clock positions. Glenoid morphology was noted for each position. Using 12 mm as radius, measured the minimum insertion angle of anchor, marked as angle γ. Normal distribution of the data was confirmed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Paired t-test was performed to detect differences in the angles between two locations. Two independent samples t-test was performed to detect differences in the angles between same location of left and right. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to detect differences in the angles between right and left, and different locations of the glenoid rim.

RESULTSThe smallest α was at the 4-o'clock position (right 50° ± 6°, left 52° ± 9°), significant difference were seen when compared with the 6-o'clock position (t = 10.466, P = 0.000) or the 5-o'clock position (t = 3.754, P = 0.003), no significant difference exist between 4-o'clock position and 3-o'clock posion (t = 0.926, P = 0.374). The smallest β was at the 3-o'clock position (right 50° ± 6°, left 53° ± 10°), significant difference were seen when compared with the 6-o'clock position (t = 9.862, P = 0.000) or the 5-o'clock position (t = 3.634, P = 0.003), no significant difference exist between 4-o'clock position and 3-o'clock posion (t = 0.697, P = 0.501). Asymmetric morphology of the glenoid was noted with an almost straight line extending medially from the rim at the 3-o'clock position, whereas a concave morthology was noted at the 9-o'clock position. Similary at the 4- and 5-o'clock position, the scapular bony surface did not curve toward the base as markedly as it did at the corresponding posterior 8- and 7-o'clock position. Angle γ from the 3-o'clock to the 9-o'clock were 25° ± 4°, 54° ± 6°, 83° ± 4°, 119° ± 2° at right side, 23° ± 4°, 57° ± 4°, 89° ± 7°, 119° ± 4° at left side. No significant difference of any angle at the same position was noted between left and right (α:t = 0.283-1.785, P > 0.05;β:t = 0.369-2.067, P > 0.05;γ:t = 0.145-0.492, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe available bone mass for the anchor insertion is found to vary depending on the position of the glenoid rim. The smallest inner and outer glenoid rim angle are at the 4- and 3-o'clock position. The minimum insertion angles of anchor differ at different position. Both rim angle and glenoid morthology for each position must be considered when selecting the ideal anchor insertion angle for Bankart repair. Meanwhile, minimum insertion angle of anchor should also be considered before anchor insertion.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical short-term efficacy of interventional emboliz-ation with hepasphere-loaded microspheres in treating inoperable hepatocellular carcinomas. Methods A total of 15 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE ) using hepasphere-loaded microspheres as embolic agent . The clinical data , imaging follow-up materials, complications of interventional treatment, prognosis, etc. were summarized and analyzed. The results were evaluated with modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST); monthly follow-up was made for all patients. A total of 23 TACE procedures were performed in 15 patients. Results The following-up period ranged from 6 months to 15 months , the median follow-up time being 10 months . According to mRECIST, the 3-month objective response rate (CR+PR) was 73.3% and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 93.3%;the 6-month objective response rate (CR+PR) was 73.3%and the disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 86.7%. No severe complications, such as bile leak complicated by infection, liver abscess, abdominal hemorrhage, bleeding due to tumor rupture, gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. occurred in all patients . Conclusion In treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas , TACE using newly-developed hepasphere microspheres carries satisfactory clinical short-term efficacy and safety, although thelog-term results need to be further investigated with larger sample trial.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of erector spinae plane (ESP) block combined with general anesthesia on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer.Methods:Sixty patients of both sexes, aged ≥65 yr, with body mass index< 30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for single-port thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: ESP block plus general anesthesia group (group ESP+ GA) and general anesthesia group (group GA). Ultrasound-guided ESP was performed at T 4 before induction of general anesthesia in group ESP+ GA.The success of the nerve block was determined by pin-prick test at 20 min after nerve block, and then anesthesia was induced.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol plus remifentanil in the two groups.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed.Venous blood samples were collected at 1 day before operation and 1, 2 and 3 days after operation for determination of plasma S100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.At 1 day before operation and 3, 5, and 7 days after operation, the early cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction within 7 days after operation was recorded.The intraoperative consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil was recorded.The occurrence of complications related to ESP block was recorded. Results:Compared with group GA, the consumption of propofol, remifentanil, and sufentanil was significantly reduced, the serum S100β protein concentration and Mini-Mental State Examination score were decreased at 1 and 3 days after operation, serum NSE concentrations were decreased at 1, 3 and 5 days after operation, and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was decreased in group ESP+ GA ( P<0.05). ESP block was successful, and no vascular and nerve damage was found in group ESP+ GA. Conclusion:ESP block combined with general anesthesia can improve the early cognitive function after thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative sleep deprivation on the intestinal microflora of immunosuppressed mice after operation.Methods:Seventy-two SPF healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 23-25 g, were divided into 5 groups using a random number table method: operation group (group O, n=18), preoperative sleep deprivation group (group SR, n=18), pseudo germ-free mice orally treated with normal saline group (group GF+ V, n=12), pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal bacteria transplants from mice in group O group (group GF+ C, n=12), and pseudo germ-free mice that received fecal bacteria transplants from mice in group SR group (group GF+ SR, n=12). In group O and group SR, mice were subjected to sleep deprivation for 20 h every day for 7 consecutive days starting from 7 days before intraperitoneal exploration and partial liver lobectomy.Broad-spectrum antibiotics dissolved in drinking water were given ad libitum to C57BL/6 mice for 14 consecutive days starting from 2 weeks before operation to establish the pseudo germ-free mice model.Pseudo germ-free mice were gavaged with normal saline or fecal suspension (200 μl) obtained from mice at 24 h after surgery in group O and group SR.The fecal samples were collected at 24 h after operation for 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.The longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were measured at 24 h after operation or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were detected by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with group O, the Simpson diversity index of intestinal microflora was significantly decreased, the number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in blood was decreased, the percentage of Treg cells was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group SR, and the numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + cells in blood were significantly decreased, the percentage of Treg cells in blood was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group GF+ V ( P<0.05). Compared with group GF+ V, the number of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the blood was significantly increased, the percentage of Treg cells was decreased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were increased in group GF+ O ( P<0.05). Compared with group GF+ O, the number of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in blood was significantly decreased, the percentage of Treg cells was increased, and the longitudinal diameter and weight of the spleen were decreased in group GF+ SR ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which preoperative sleep deprivation accentuates postoperative immunosuppression is related to the intestinal microflora disorder in mice.

More than 80% of the world’s populations are at risk of vector-borne diseases, with mosquito-borne diseases as a significant global public health problem. Mosquito populations control is critical to interrupting the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This review summarizes the physical attributes, smell, vision, touch, and hearing of mosquitoes to unravel the preferences of female mosquitoes, and describes the mechanisms underlying the best male mating by female mosquitoes, so as to provide new insights into management of mosquito-borne diseases.