Objective To review the relationship between absence of expression of DPC4/SMAD4 gene and pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma(PC). Methods A summerized paper was made on the review of relative literatures. Results and Conclusions A new gene DPC4 (located on chromosome 18q21.1 region) has been identified as a candidate tumor suppression gene. SMAD4 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved family of SMADs proteins that are crucial intracellular mediators of signals from the transforming growth factor ?(TGF-?). In TGF-? super family signal pathways, SMAD4 plays a pivotal role .There is a close relationship between absence of expression of DPC4 gene and pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To study the effects of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (ZdCyd), a methylation inhibitor, on the growth of bile duct cancer cell line QBC939 in vivo and in vitro. MethodMTT method and flow cytometry were used to detect the growth and apoptosis of QBC939 after being treated with different dosage of ZdCyd singly or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. Nude mouse model was used to test the effect of ZdCyd. Results5-aza-2-deoxycytidine blocks cell cycle at G1 phase increasing apoptosis rate. These effects within certain extent are dose and time dependent.5-aza-2-deoxycytidine also coordinates with other chemotherapy drugs in the anti-tumor effects. In nude mouse model the tumor occurrence rate decreased in 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine pro-treated cells of QBC939, and ZdCyd also impedes the growth of transplanted tumor. Conclusion 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine inhibits the growth of QBC939 in vivo and in vitro by inducing cell apoptosis and enhances the antitumor effect of chemotherapy drugs.

ObjectiveTo observe the immunotherapeutic effects of dendritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lysate on mice with pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Dendritic cells (MTSC4)were pulsed with tumor cells lysate. The immune preventative and immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccines on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed. Results After vaccination of the DC vaccines, mice remained tumor-free for at least 25 days in DCs vaccines group,but in other groups the subcutaneous implantation tumorigenesis were found beginning 3 to 9 days. CTL stimulated by DC vaccines effected cytolytic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells. The survival period was obviously prolonged in DCs vaccines group (56?9)?d than in other groups (P

Objective To study the effect of transfection with antisense DNMT3b gene eukaryotic expression plasmid on the growth of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939,and to explore the role of DNMT3b in the cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis.Methods The constructed antisense DNMT3b gene eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into QBC939 cells using liposome.The expression level of DNMT3b protein was detected by Western blot after stable transfection.The growth curves of transfected cells and un-transfected cells were observed by MTT method respectively.The cell proliferation ability was also observed by the test of colony formation in soft agar.The alterations of the cell cycle and the apoptosis rate were detected by FCM.Results Following the transfection,the protein level of DNMT3b decreased significantly;transfection with antisense DNMT3b gene eukaryotic expression plasmid did not affect the cell growth curve of QBC939,and did not decrease the cell colony formation rate(P=0.717);transfection with antisense DNMT3b gene also did not result in cell cycle alterations or induce cell apoptosis(P=0.089).Conclusions Transfection with antisense DNMT3b gene eukaryotic expression plasmid can down-regulate the expression level of DNMT3b in QBC939.It can not affect the growth and proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939,nor alter the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis.

Hypermethylation of the promoter region is an important mean for the transcriptional repression of a number of cancer-associated genes, and over-expression and/or increased activity of DNA methyltransferase are considered to be the main cause of promoter hypermethylation. In order to further explore the epigenetic mechanism of tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A inactivation, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, was used to treat the human biliary tract carcinoma cell line QBC-939 at the concentration of 5 micromol/L for 24 h in this study. After the chemical intervention with 5-Aza-CdR, the methylation status in the promoter region of RASSF1A gene was detected by methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR), and the expression alteration of RASSF1A mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and Western Blot respectively. Following the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, methylation status in the promoter region of RASSF1A gene was reversed from methylation to unmethylation. A 280 bp DNA band which represented RASS1FA expression at transcriptional level and a 40 kDa (1 kDa=0.9921 ku) protein band which represented RASSF1A expression at protein level were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot respectively in the experimental group cells and there were no corresponding bands in the control group cells. The experimental results suggest that 5-Aza-CdR can induce demethylation in the promoter region of RASSF1A. It can also reverse epigenetic transcriptional silencing caused by DNA methylation and induce the re-expression of RASSF1A in QBC-939. This study also suggest that the mechanism of RASSF1A inactivation is very closely related to the methylation of the promoter region, which may provide a new epigenetic understanding for tumor related gene inactivation and the pathogenesis of biliary tract carcinoma.

Objective To observe the effect of a specific T-cell induced by lysate-pulsed human dendrtic cells against pancreatic cancer(PC) cells . Methods Dendritic cells were amplified and purified from peripheral blood of PC patient and were pulsed with tumor cells.Then they were co-cultured with autologus T-cell in vitro and divided into lysate-pulsed DCs group, unplused DCs group, lysates group,and control group. The supernatants of every co-culture group were collected and the concentration of IL-12 and IFN-? were measured by ELISA. The capacity of DC induced proliferation of T-cells was tested.The specific cytolytic activity of CTL was assessed in a 4-hr 51 Cr-release assay. Results Difference in the concentration of IL-12 and IFN-? was statistically significant in lysate-pulsed DCs group(1161?239 pg/ml and 1044?312 pg/ml)than these in unplused DCs group and lysates group (P

Objective To explore the expression and relationship of PTEN and mTOR in the development of cholangiocarcinoma,determine the effect of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signal transduction on the(development) of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The expression of mTOR and PTEN in the cholangiocarcinoma was detected by the immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR method.Results Compared to normal tissues,the(expression) of mTOR gene in cholangiocarcinoma significantly increased,but the expression of PTEN gene(decreased).There was a negative correlation between mTOR gene and PTEN gene expression in(cholangiocarcinoma). Conclusions The expression of mTOR gene in cholangiocarcinoma was increased and the expression of PTEN was decreased.It suggested that the mTOR gene and PTEN gene could play an important role in the process of development of cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To observe the effects of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) on isoprenaline (Iso)-induced changes in myocardial cell volume,shape,and connexin 43 (Cx43) expression.Methods:HgC2 myocardial cells were randomly divided into a control group,a Iso group and a Iso+SBP group.After 72 h of culture,the average surface area of HgC2 cells was measured under phase contrast microscope.Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay was carried out to determine the concentration of proteins.The survival rate of myocardial cells was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay,and the Cx43 expression was detected by Western blot.Results:The mean surface area and Cx43 concentration in Iso-treated myocardial cells were increased under the phase contrast microscope (P<0.05).Compared with the Iso group,the mean surface area was decreased,and the Cx43 concentration was reduced in the Iso+SBP group (both P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the Cx43 expression was obviously down-regulated in the H9C2 cells of the Iso group (P<0.05);while compared with the Iso group,the Cx43 expression was obviously up-regulated in the Iso+SBP group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Shexiang Baoxin Pills can prevent Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy and down-regulate Cx43 expression.

Objective To explore the recuperative effect of immunological function and nutritional status on the patients treated by immune enteral nutrition in early stage after severe multiple injury (SMI). Method The patients with SMI,in department of Trauma Surgery,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,between January 2006 to May 2007 were randomly divided into 2 groups: immune enteral nutrition group (IEN group, 20 cases), enteral nutrition group (EN group, 20 cases). The health persons served as the control group(15 cases) .Since 1st postinjury day, all patients were treated with nutritional support. The T-cell subgroup in periphera blood were detected by FCM and the level of PA, RBP, IL-2 and IL-4 in blood serum were detected by ELASA on the 1st, 3rd,5th, 8th postinjury day. Results After the treatment of IEN and EN,the serum levels of PA, RBP and the proportion of T-cell subgroup were significantly increased on the 8th postinjury day compared with on 1st postinjury day (P ＜ 0.01), but there were no differences between IEN group and EN group. The level of IL-4 were significantly decreased and the level of IL-2 were significantly increased in each group on 8th postinjury day, at same time, the level of IL-2 were significantly increased in IEN group compared with EN group (P ＜ 0.05), and the level of IL-4 were significantly decreased in IEN group compared with EN group (P ＜ 0.05). The duration of SIRS was transient and the infected complication was low on the patients treatment by IEN than EN. Conclusions On the patients with severe multiple injury, IEN was most ascendant than EN to improve the immunosuppression and clinical prognosis.

Objective To determine the effect of nanochemotherapy drug on Survivin and p53 ex-pressed by human biliary traet carcinoma cell line QBC939.Methods Culturing the human biliary tract carcinoma cell line QBC939 in vitro and it was divided into five groups including saline,nanochemotherapy drug,nanopartiele withoul nanochemotherapy drug,5-FU and gemcitabine.Using the methods of MTT and flow cytometry to observe the growth of QBC939 which was dealt with different drugs.In addition,RT-PCR and Western blot were used to delect the expression of mRNA and protein by Survivin or p53.Results The expression of mRNA and protein by Survivin decreased in the following set:saline,nanoparlicle withoul nanochemotherapy drug,5-FU,gemcitabine and nanochemotherapy drug,respeclively.However,the ex-pression of mRNA and protein by p53 were in reverse order.The inhibiting action to QBC939 was obvious in nanochenmtherapy drng and the apoplotic rate was higher than others except for gemcitabine(P＜0.05). Conclusion Nanochemotherapy drug has significant effect on treatment cholangiocarcinoma in vilro,which may attribute to the down regulation of Survivin and up regulation of p53.