92 type 2 diabetics with DPN were treated by cobamamide (n=46) vs vitamin B12 (n=46) for 4 weeks.Cobamamide improved the spontaneous pain, numbness of limbs, nerve reflection and nerve conduction velocities in higher rates as compared with vitamin B12 treatment, and did not cause obvious adverse reactions.

92 type 2 diabetics with DPN were treated by cobamamide (n=46) vs vitamin B12 (n=46) for 4 weeks.Cobamamide improved the spontaneous pain, numbness of limbs, nerve reflection and nerve conduction velocities in higher rates as compared with vitamin B12 treatment, and did not cause obvious adverse reactions.

Objective To evaluate the efifcacy and safety of Xiyanping in the treatment of hand-foot and mouth disease. Methods Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Chinese Bio-medicine Database (CBM), China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), VIP database and Wanfang database were searched. All of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of Xiyanping versus ribavirin were included. The data were extracted and evalu-ated by two reviewers independently. Risk assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias and software Revman5.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-four RCT and 3314 patients were included. Comparing to ribavirin, Xiyanping showed better therapeutic outcomes regarding to total effective rate, durations of fever and rash elimination (RR=1.17, 95%CI:1.12~1.23;MD=-1.56, 95%CI:-2.10~-1.02;MD=-1.41, 95%CI:-1.90~-0.93). Side effects were rare in both groups and could be recovered after drug withdrawal. Conclusions The current evidence suggests that Xiyanping is superior to ribavirin in the treatment of hand-foot and mouth disease.

Objectives To explore the relevant factors of liver X receptor (LXR) and lipid metabolism in school-age chil-dren with obesity. Methods A total of 80 obese children were selected by indexes of physical growth from pupils in Grades 1-6, aged 7-14 years from June 2011 to October 2011. Fifty-one age and sex matched children with normal BMI were chosen as nor-mal controls. The metabolic indexes including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyl transpep-tidase (GGT), total cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerol (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipopro-tein cholesterol (LDL-C) and expression of LXR were detected in fasting blood. Results The expression level of LXR in obese children (9.14 ± 1.15) was higher than that in control children (2.84 ± 3.68) with significant difference (t=4.55,P=0.000). Eighty percent (80%) of obese children were LXR>1 (64/80) which was higher than that of control children (23/51, 45.1%), and signifi-cant difference was found between the two groups (χ2=17.01, P=0.000). Compared to controls, the levels of AST, ALT, GGT, CHOL, TG and LDL-C were higher while the level of HDL-C was lower in obese children (P<0.05). The correlation analysis found that AST, ALT, CHOL, LDL-C and BMI were positively correlated with LXR (r=0.18~0.26,P<0.05). Logistic regression ana-lysis showed that AST≥40IU/L (OR=1.076), ALT≥40IU/L (OR=1.036), CHOL≥5.20 mmol/L (OR=2.038), LDL-C≥3.36 mmol/L (OR=2.176) and BMI≥18.9 kg/m2 (OR=1.131) were risk factors for LXR>1 (P<0.05). Conclusions Obesity in school-age chil-dren can up-regulate the expression of liver X receptor and cause liver damage and abnormal lipids metabolism.

Aim To assess the regulatory effects of Po-lygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides(PSP)on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 )-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling path-way in anoxia /reoxygenation-H9c2 myocardial cells. Methods The H9c2 myocardial cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into groups:control group (C group),hypoxia /reoxygenation group (H/R group), PSP group,TLR4 inhibitor group(TAK-242 group)and PSP +TLR4 inhibitor group(PSP +TAK-242 group). The cells were cultured in normal condition for 27 h in C group.The cells were subjected to 21 h hypoxia fol-lowed by 6 h reoxygenation in H/R.Definitely,the cells in TAK-242,PSP and PSP +TAK-242 groups were treated with PSP and TAK-242 with the final con-centration of 1 .5 g·L -1 and 1 μmol·L -1 for 1 2 h before 21 h hypoxia,then the cells were exposed to the normal culture condition for another 6 h.After the treatment,cell survival rate was tested by MTT method. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein ex-pression levels of NF-κB and inhibitor κBα(IκBα) were detected by Western blot,and the expression lev-els of TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA were detected by fluo-rescence quantitative PCR method.Results Compared with H/R group,the cell survival rates were significant-ly increased,while the inflammatory cytokines contents and NF-κB protein expression were dramatically de-creased in groups PSP,TAK-242 and PSP +TAK-242, whereas the NF-κB expression was significantly down-regulated,and the IκBα protein expression was in-creased.The mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 were markedly decreased.Conclusion PSP might protect H9c2 myocardial cells against H/R inju-ry,which may be associated with the inhibition of TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, angiographic features and clinical significance of kinking of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods The clinical and radiological data of 21 patients with kinking of extracranial ICA were retrospectively reviewed in our hospital from April 2003 to July 2007. Fisher exact test was performed. Results Of the 21 patients, 7 hod no clinical symptoms, the other 14 showed manifestations of cerebral iachemia with varying degree. One of the characteristic clinical manifestations that neck rotation or specific positions of head and neck might induce the occurrence of clinical symptoms was found in 5 cases. The whole-brain coverage DSA accurately showed the location of kinking of extracranial ICA and the degree of vascular stenosis. In patients with α < 66%, 80% > α≥ 66% and α≥ 80%, clinical symptoms were found in 3 out of 5,7 out of 10 and 4 out of 6 patients, respectively. Fisher exact test revealed that the positive rates of clinical symptoms in three groups had no significant difference (P > 0. 05). Conclusion Kinking of extracranial ICA is a frequent vascular morphologic variation, and it is also a kind of potential disease. The whole-brain coverage DSA is a relatively reliable method to detect this variation.

Objective To evaluate the short-term outcome of local intraarterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation. Methods 24 patients with acute ischemic stroke of the anterior cir-culation within 8 hours were treated by local intraarterial thrombolysis. Arterial recanalization was divided into total, partial and occlusive respectively according to angiography. Evaluation of clinical outcome was performed on the 30th day after thrombolysis,and was classified as good for Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) scores of 0 to Ⅲ and poor for MRS scores of Ⅳ to Ⅵ. Results Total recanalization was obtained in 54.2 % of patients, partial recanalization in 25.0%. Clinical outcome was good in 15 patients (62.5%). Cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (16.7%). Four patients died (16.7%). Conclusion Local intraarterial thrombolysis is an effective method for treatment of a-cute iachemic stroke of the anterior circulation. It needs further practice and long-term follow-up study on safety and long-term efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indications of the therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with neural network model analysis. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were included in the clinical trial from 9 clinical centers. They were randomly divided into Western medicine (WM) treated group, 194 cases; and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CM) treated group, 203 cases. A complete physical examination and 18 common clinical manifestations were prepared before the randomization and after the treatment. The WM therapy included voltaren extended action tablet, methotrexate and sulfasalazine. The CM therapy included Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum Tablet and syndrome differentiation treatment. The American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) was taken as efficacy evaluation. All data were analyzed on SAS 8.2 statistical package. The relationships between each variable and efficacy were analyzed, and the variables with P<0.2 were included for the data mining analysis with neural network model. All data were classified into training set (75%) and verification set (25%) for further verification on the data-mining model. RESULTS: Eighteen variables in CM and 24 variables in WM were included in the data-mining model. In CM, morning stiffness, swollen joint number, peripheral immunoglobulin M (IgM) level, tenderness joint number, tenderness, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP) and joint pain were positively related to the efficacy, and disease duration and more urination at night negatively related to the efficacy. In WM, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), weak waist, white fur in tongue, joint pain, joint stiffness and swollen joint were positively related to the efficacy, and yellow fur in tongue, red tongue, white blood negatively related to the efficacy. In the analysis with the neural network model in the patients of verification set, the predictive response rates of 20% patients would be 100% and 90% in the treatment with CM and WM, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neural network model analysis, based on the full clinical trial data with collection of both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine diagnostic information, shows a good predictive role for the information in the efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlations between clinical symptoms and treatment efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Four hundred and thirteen patients were included in the clinical trial from 9 clinical centers. They were randomly divided into Western medicine-treated group with 204 cases and Chinese herbal drug-treated group with 209 cases. Eighteen clinical symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment. The Western medicine therapy included voltaren extended release tablets, methotrexate and sulfasalazine. The Chinese herbal drug therapy included glucosidorum Tripterygii totorum tablets and Yishen Juanbi Tablets combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) was used as efficacy evaluation criteria. RESULTS: In the Chinese herbal drug-treated group, clinical symptoms such as arthralgia and tenderness of joints were positively correlated with the efficacy after 12-week treatment, while frequent urination at night was negatively correlated. In the same group, tenderness of joints and fever were positively correlated with the efficacy after 24-week treatment, while deep-colored and turbid urine was negatively correlated. In the Western medicine-treated group, tenderness of joints and thirst were positively correlated with the efficacy after 12-week treatment, while vertigo was negatively correlated. And in the same group, tenderness of joints was positively correlated with the efficacy after 24-week treatment, while heaviness of limbs was negatively correlated to the efficacy. The statistical results showed that the treatment efficacy was improved when the correlated symptoms were included in the indications. CONCLUSION: The treatment efficacy of RA is correlated with some symptoms, so further studies should proceed on these correlations in order to achieve better treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of S100A4 expression on the inva?sion and migration of SNB19 glioma cells. Methods The S100A4 expression was knockdowned using S100A4 siRNA in SNB19 glioma cells. Glioma cells were assigned into control group,siRNA-negative control treated group (siRNA-NC) and siRNA-S100A4 group. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of S100A4, respectively. The wound-healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to determine the ability of migration and invasion of SNB19 glioma cells, respectively. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), matrix metallopro?teinase 2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin proteins were evaluated by using western blot. Moreover, the morphology of lamellipo?dia of glioma cells were examined by using inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Results The mRNA and protein expres?sion levels of S100A4 was obviously down-regulated after transfection of S100A4 siRNA. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of S100A4 in siRNA-NC group and siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.97±0.07 and 0.21±0.04,respectively(P<0.01). The protein expression levels of S100A4 in control, siRNA-NC and siRNA-S100A4 groups were 78.12%±2.63%, 77.16%±3.00%and 37.95%±2.71%, respectively(P<0.01). The migration and invasiveness capability were decreased up to 46% and 55% in the siRNA-S100A4 group compared with the control group(P<0.01). The pro?tein expression levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were inhibited up to 62% and 68%(P<0.01)whereas the expression of E-cadherin was increased up to 154%(P<0.01)in the siRNA-S100A4 group. The lamellipodia became smaller or unex?tended in siRNA-S100A4-treated SNB19 glioma cells. Conclusion S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of glioma cells, suggesting that S100A4 might be a potential candidate for anti-glioma strategy to prevent the invasion and migration of glioma cells.