This study is aimed to make a comprehensive introduction to the anti-MRSA drugs,and also to compare the safety and efficacy among a variety of anti-MRSA drugs.Finally,it is pointed that we should select the anti-MRSA drugs precisely according to different situation of disease when treating the infection with MRSA.Then we can make the individualized treatment for patients and provide a basis for the disease when treatment of patients as well.

Objective To study the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)features in acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI)and evaluate its clinical value.Methods Eight patients with acute CSCI (within 72 hours after onset)were performed conventional MRI and fast DTI scans (112 seconds)and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)at 3.0T Siemens Trio Tim system.Meanwhile,the fractional anisotropy (FA) values and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)values were calculated separately in the site of lesions,the upper and lower sections to the lesions.Then the data were analyzed by paired-samples t test analysis with SPSS 13.0 software.Results Cervical spinal cord injury occurred likely in the sites of C5-C6 (account for 4/8)and C4-C5 (account for 3/8).All MRI and DTI images were satisfied for clinical diagnosis.The FA value and ADC value of injury lesions were markedly lower than that of the normal cord.Accordingly,the injury lesions on FA map and ADC map presented low signals.There were no significant differences of FA values and ADC values between the upper and lower sections to the lesions.DTT could help in displaying the disruption of spinal fiber tract in lancination case and distortion fibers in closed cervical spinal cord injury.Conclusion Fast DTI sequence at 3.0 Tesla may obtain the qualified spinal cord images.By calculation of FA values and ADC values in CSCI patients,DTI may play an important role in detecting the changes of anisotropy and water diffusion caused by myelin sheath injury and cytotoxic edema and vasogenic edema respectively.

Purpose To explore the change of right ventricular systolic function in hypertensive patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy at different stages using four-dimensional right ventricular quantitative analysis (4D-RV-Volume). Materials and Methods Ninety-six cases of clinically diagnosed hypertension were divided into left ventricular mass index (LVMI) normal group (49 cases) and LVMI increased group (47 cases) according to LVMI, and 53 cases were chosen from healthy control group for echocardiography to check parameters of right ventricular systolic function such as right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), end-systolic volume (RVESV), longitudinal strain rate of free wall (RVFLS), longitudinal strain rate of ventricular septum (RVSLS), fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and the difference among groups were compared. Results Compared with control group, RVEF, RVFLS, and RFAFC in all hypertension groups decreased, the difference of which was statistically significant (P<0.05); compared with LVMI normal group, RVEF, RVFLS, TAPSE and RFAFC in LVMI increased group further decreased, the difference of which was statistically significance (P<0.05); RVEF was positively correlated with RFAFC (r=0.721, P<0.01); when RVEF was 46.5% (AUC=0.859, P<0.001), the diagnostic value was the highest with a sensitivity of 68.0%, and specificity of 85.7%. Conclusion Right ventricular systolic dysfunction exists in different periods of hypertension, and 4D-RV-Volume provides a new approach for early evaluation of right ventricular dysfunction in hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the changes in serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with severe pneumonia, and to analyze its value on evaluating the clinical outcome of patients with severe pneumonia. Methods A total of 58 patients with severe pneumonia aged over 18 years, and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhuozhou City Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2017 to July 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into recovery group (the symptoms and signs of pneumonia disappeared or improved, and the X-ray chest films improved or did not make significant progress) and deterioration group (the symptoms and signs of pneumonia persisted or progressed, while X-ray chest radiography progressed, as well as serious complications such as involvement of other organ functions due to deterioration of pulmonary infection or septic shock) according to the therapeutic outcome. The serum PCT levels at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 days after severe pneumonia diagnosed were recorded, and procalcitonin clearance rate (PCTc) was calculated. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score was estimated within 24 hours when severe pneumonia was diagnosed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze the value of PCTc on evaluating the clinical outcome of patients with severe pneumonia. Results Among 58 patients, 33 (56.9%) had better outcome after active treatment (recovery group), and 25 (44.1%) had worse condition (deterioration group). There was no significant difference in PCT level at 1 day or 3 days between the recovery group and the deterioration group [μg/L: 5.05 (3.89, 7.61) vs. 5.29 (4.15, 7.46) at 1 day, 4.59 (4.02, 6.90) vs. 5.70 (4.59, 7.28) at 3 days, both P > 0.05]. With the prolongation of treatment time, serum PCT level was gradually decreased in the recovery group, while remained at higher level in the deterioration group, which was significantly lowered at 5, 7, 9 days in the recovery group as compared with that in the deterioration group [μg/L:2.92 (2.09, 3.42) vs. 6.09 (3.24, 7.96) at 5 days, 1.94 (1.50, 2.07) vs. 7.65 (5.60, 10.52) at 7 days, 1.37 (0.91, 1.74) vs. 8.96 (6.09, 10.87) at 9 days, all P < 0.01]. PCTc at 3, 5, 7, 9 days in the recovery group were significantly higher than those in the deterioration group [15.10 (-17.80, 32.10)% vs. -1.53 (-20.80, 11.48)% at 3 days, 47.50 (30.25, 60.34)% vs. 6.25 (-14.58, 29.05)% at 5 days, 76.44 (53.18, 77.92)% vs. -11.20 (-66.75, -1.38)% at 7 days, 80.01 (59.86, 88.27)% vs. -38.15 (-99.38, -2.81)% at 9 days, all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that PCTc at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days were valuable for evaluating the clinical outcome of patients with severe pneumonia, and 9-day PCTc had the greatest value, the AUC was 0.978 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.945-1.000, P = 0.000], which was higher than APACHEⅡ(AUC = 0.442, 95%CI = 0.280-0.610, P = 0.392); when the best cut-off value of 9-day PCTc was 93.00%, its sensitivity was 99.0%, and specificity was 87.3%. Conclusions The PCT level of patients with severe pneumonia remained at a high level, which was related with the deterioration of the disease. PCTc, as an index to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with severe pneumonia, has good application value.

BACKGROUND:Endothelial injury is one of the causes of cardiovascular diseases.Human induced pluripotent stem cells are easy to obtain,have strong differentiation ability,and have less exclusiveness,and their endothelial differentiated cells can be used as ideal cells for cardiovascular disease research. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of calycosin on endothelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells and to provide technical support for microvascular regeneration. METHODS:Human induced pluripotent stem cells were divided into control group and calycosin group(1.25,2.5 μg/mL),and growth factors were added to induce single-layer endothelial differentiation.After the induction of differentiation for 8 days,the positive rate of endothelial cell marker CD144 was detected by flow cytometry.Fluorescent expressions of CD144 and CD31 were detected by the immunofluorescence method.Lentivirus RNAi GFP puromycin was used to silence human-induced pluripotent stem cell Piezo1 mRNA followed by endothelial directed differentiation.After 8 days of differentiation,the positive rate of CD144 in differentiated cells was detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression levels of CD144,Piezo1 and MEK were detected by qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the positive rate of CD144 was significantly increased in the 1.25 and 2.5 μg/mL calycosin groups(P<0.05).The expressions of CD144,Piezo1,and MEK mRNA were increased in the 2.5 μg/mL calycosin group(P<0.05).The fluorescence expressions of CD144(P<0.01)and CD31(P<0.001)were significantly increased in the 2.5 μg/mL calycosin group.(2)Compared with the shNT group,CD144 positive rate and CD144,Piezo1,MEK mRNA expressions were significantly increased in the shNT + calycosin 1.25,2.5 μg/mL groups(P<0.05).Compared with the shPiezo1 group,the positive rate of CD144 and mRNA expressions of CD144,Piezo1 and MEK had no significant changes in the shPiezo1+calycosin 1.25,2.5 μg/mL groups(P>0.05).(3)It is concluded that 2.5 μg/mL calycosin promotes the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial lineages.Calycosin promotes the downstream MEK expression,thereby promoting the endothelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by targeting the expression level of Piezo1.

Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed following intrathecal injection chemotherapy in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from lung adenocarcinoma and provide a basis for clinical intrathecal injection chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 21 patients with lung adenocarcinoma LM who underwent pemetrexed intrathecal injection chemotherapy via Ommaya capsule at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Aiffilitated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from November 2019 to November 2022 were collected, and divided into 30, 40 and 50 mg groups ( n=10, n=4, n=7) according to pemetrexed dose. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the first intrathecal injection chemotherapy, and day 8 of each cycle for three groups. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, to clarify the drug-related pharmacokinetic parameters, and to compare the differences in pemetrexed concentration among groups. Finally, cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentration changes were observed and compared after different intrathecal injection chemotherapy cycles. Results:There were statistically significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations of patients in three groups at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the first intrathecal injection chemotherapy (30 mg group: F=20.56, P<0.001; 40 mg group: F=27.06, P<0.001; 50 mg group: F=28.63, P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences in the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid drugs in each dose group at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h compared to 0 h after intrathecal injection chemotherapy (all P<0.05). Compared to the 30 mg group, cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations in the 50 mg group increased at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after intrathecal injection chemotherapy, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Pharmacokinetic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed showed that area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 0-∞ of the 30, 40 and 50 mg groups were (5 696.12±283.32), (7 886.29±396.57), and (14 202.70±440.19) h·mg/L, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=1 159.00, P<0.001) ; AUC 0-∞ increased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; AUC 0-∞ increased in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The half-lives of three groups were (8.75±0.23), (11.29±0.59) and (16.42±1.23) h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=206.80, P<0.001) ; half-life was longer in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; half-life was longer in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The peak time of three groups were (1.55±0.10), (1.00±0.01), (1.43±0.11) h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=48.11, P<0.001) ; the peak time was shorter in the 40 and 50 mg groups compared to the 30 mg group (both P<0.05). Clearance of three groups were (7.02±2.46), (5.80±1.25) and (3.66±1.32) L/h, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=6.02, P=0.009) ; clearance was decreased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). The peak concentration of three groups were (540.45±32.25), (820.75±46.47) and (1 014.78±64.96) mg/L, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=207.70, P<0.001) ; peak concentration increased in the 50 mg group compared to the 30 and 40 mg groups (both P<0.05) ; peak concentration increased in the 40 mg group compared to the 30 mg group ( P<0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations were dynamically monitored after 4 cycles of intrathecal injection chemotherapy, in which cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentrations in 30 mg group were (13.76±4.79), (11.41±7.08), (9.41±2.59) and (7.86±4.02) mg/L, respectively; 40 mg group were (14.45±6.59), (12.87±15.73), (11.24±2.48) and (9.09±3.38) mg/L, respectively; 50 mg group were (12.94±10.34), (9.72±7.62), (8.15±8.17) and (4.34±4.21) mg/L, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations among different intrathecal injection chemotherapy cycles in 30 mg group ( F=4.04, P=0.016), and the cerebrospinal fluid drug concentration decreased in cycles 3 and 4 compared to cycle 1 (both P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations among different treatment cycles in 40 and 50 mg groups ( F=0.28, P=0.837; F=3.57, P=0.066) . Conclusion:Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method can effectively detect the pemetrexed concentration in cerebrospinal fluid; dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid pemetrexed concentration can provide a basis for the dosage and the treatment cycle of intrathecal injection chemotherapy in LM patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of weekly gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with obesity and its correlation with the risk of macrosomia.Methods:Clinical data of women with singleton pregnancy and pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI) ≥28 kg/m 2 were retrospectively analyzed, from January 2014 to December 2019, in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital). The participants were divided into three groups based on their PPBMI: group A (28-<30 kg/m 2), group B (30-<32 kg/m 2), and group C (≥32 kg/m 2). The study compared the characteristics of GWG among the three groups, explored the correlation between the weekly weight gain during each gestational stage and the risk of macrosomia, and discussed the impacts of the GWG pattern in women with different PPBMI on the risk of macrosomia. Chi-square (or Fisher's exact), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of weekly weight gain in specific gestational stages on macrosomia. Results:(1) A total of 2 046 participants were included in the study, with 982 in group A, 588 in group B, and 476 in group C. For all of the 2 046 cases, the median PPBMI was 30.1 kg/m 2 (29.0-31.9 kg/m 2), GWG was 10.5 kg (7.3-14.0 kg), and neonatal birth weight was 3 520 g (3 215-3 816 g) with 60 (2.9%) ≥4 500 g, and the biggest baby weighed 5 580 g. Out of the births analyzed, macrosomia occurred in 318 cases (15.5%). (2) Among the three groups (A, B and C), the differences in maternal age [32.0 years (29.0-35.0 years), 32.0 years (29.0-35.0 years) and 32.0 years (29.0-34.0 years), H=6.58] and women with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus [0.9% (9/982), 0.3% (2/588) and 1.9% (9/476), χ2=6.61] were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) The weekly weight gain in each group exhibited a gradual upward trend before 20-24 weeks, reached a plateau at 24-32 weeks, peaked at 32-36 weeks, and subsequently declined. The weekly weight gain of group A in the pre-pregnancy to 14 weeks [0.14 kg/week (0.00-0.25 kg/week)], 14 to 20 weeks [0.25 kg/week (0.17-0.42 kg/week)], and 20 to 24 weeks [0.38 kg/week (0.25-0.63 kg/week)] were higher than those of group B [0.07 kg/week (－0.03-0.21 kg/week), 0.25 kg/week (0.10-0.42 kg/week), and 0.38 kg/week (0.22-0.60 kg/week)], respectively ( Z value was－3.73,－2.16, and－2.01, all P<0.05). Likewise, the weekly weight gain of group B in the above three stages were all higher than those of group C [0.07 kg/week (－0.10-0.21 kg/week), 0.17 kg/week (0.05-0.33 kg/week), and 0.25 kg/week (0.08-0.50 kg/week)], respectively ( Z value was－2.55,－3.28, and－3.25, all P<0.05). (4) The risk of macrosomia increased with the weekly weight gain in specific gestational stages in different PPBMI groups. In group A, the stages correlated with increased risk were 14-20 weeks [adjusted odd ratio ( aOR)=2.669, 95% CI: 1.378-5.169] and 20-24 weeks ( aOR=1.764, 95% CI: 1.143-2.723), while the stages were 20-24 weeks ( aOR=2.149, 95% CI: 1.156-3.996) and 36 weeks until delivery ( aOR=1.888, 95% CI: 1.268-2.810) in group B, and pre-pregnancy to 14 weeks ( aOR=3.515, 95% CI: 1.158-10.665) and 14-20 weeks ( aOR=3.021, 95% CI: 1.058-8.628) in group C (all P<0.05). The risk of macrosomia increased when the weekly weight gain of both risk-related stages in group A ( aOR=2.255, 95% CI: 1.029-4.940) ≥50th percentile, and group B ( aOR=4.399, 95% CI: 1.017-19.023) ≥75th percentile, and for group C ( aOR=3.404, 95% CI: 1.004-11.543) when the weekly weight gain above 25th percentile (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Weekly GWG demonstrates an observable gradual acceleration pattern in women with obesity. Therefore, clinical attention should be directed towards monitoring fluctuations in the weekly weight gain in this population, as excessive weekly weight gain before 24 gestational weeks is associated with an elevated risk of macrosomia.