Objective To observe the image characteristics of OCT in patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 26 patients of AIDS with CMVR diagnosed in Department of ophthalmology of Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017 were included in this study.All the patients were males,with the mean age of 33.12± 9.87 years.All the patients underwent the OCT examination by Spectralis HRA+OCT.The locations of scanning were macular,optical papilla and posterior pole of retina with retinitis.Typical images were saved and analyzed.Results The OCT pathological changes of CMVR included increase of retinal thickness and reflex of retina,indiscernible retinal layers,irregularity or absent external limiting membrane and/or ellipsoid zone,hyperreflective spots,vitreous cells.Among 39 eyes,there were 6 eyes with strong point-like reflection in the outer layer of retina around the lesion,31 eyes (79.49％) with strong point-like reflection in the full layer of retina,25 eyes (64.10％) with lesion involved macular area,34 eyes (87.17％) with vitreous cells.Conclusions OCT images of the eyes with AIDS with CMVR were characterized by lesions involving the whole retina.Absent ellipsoid zone or structural changes can be seen in the affected areas and peripheral areas of the lesion.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily explore the relationship between the area of active fundus lesions and aqueous cytomegalovirus (CMV)-DNA in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).Methods:A retrospective study. From November 2019 to December 2020, the study population consisted of 22 AIDS patients (31 eyes) with active CMVR at the Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University. All the patients were male. The age of the patients was 38.0±8.7 years. In total, 13 patients accepted highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The median duration of treatment was 4 months. There were 9 cases that did not receive HAART. Ultra-wide-angle fundus imaging examination was performed using Optos P200T laser scanning ophthalmoscope. The software was used that comes with the device to measure the area of active lesions. Anterior chamber puncture was performed in all the affected eyes, 100 μl of aqueous humor was extracted, and the CMV-DNA load was quantitatively detected by polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, 19 cases of peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocytes and CMV-DNA load were tested; 17 cases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA load were tested. The area of active lesions was used as the independent variable, and the CMV-DNA load of aqueous humor was used as the dependent variable to construct a linear regression function. Results:All eyes were active CMVR, with lesions ranging from 1 to 264 optic disc diameters, with a median of 43 optic disc diameters. Among 31 eyes, 30 eyes (96.8%, 30/31) had a median aqueous CMV-DNA load of 1.3×10 4 copies/ml, and one eye was negative for CMV-DNA in aqueous humor. In 19 patients who underwent peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocyte detection, the median CD4 +T lymphocytes were 18 cells/μl; 4 cases (21.1%, 4/19) were detected with CMV-DNA load. In the 17 patients who underwent HIV-RNA load testing, the median HIV-RNA load was 4.1×10 4 copies/ml. The results of correlation analysis showed that the amount of CMV-DNA in aqueous humor was significantly correlated with the size of active fundus lesions ( r=0.601, P<0.001), and was correlated with CD4 + T lymphocytes, CMV-DNA load in blood, and HIV-RNA load. There was no significant correlation between the amounts ( r=0.125, 0.202, -0.096; P>0.05). The regression equation was CMV-DNA load in aqueous humor = 3.38 + 0.01 × active lesion area. Conclusion:The amount of CMV-DNA in the aqueous humor is significantly correlated with the area of fundus active lesions, which can reflect the activity of fundus lesions.

Emblic medicine is a popular natural source in the world due to its outstanding healthcare and therapeutic functions. Our preliminary results indicated that the quality of emblic medicines might have an apparent regional variation. A rapid and effective geographical traceability system has not been designed yet. To trace the geographical origins so that their quality can be controlled, an integrated spectroscopic strategy including spectral pretreatment, outlier diagnosis, feature selection, data fusion, and machine learning algorithm was proposed. A featured data matrix (245 × 220) was successfully generated, and a carefully adjusted RF machine learning algorithm was utilized to develop the geographical traceability model. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is effective and can be generalized. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and accuracy (ACC) of 97.65％, 99.85％ and 97.63％ for the calibrated set, as well as 100.00％ predictive efficiency, were obtained using this spectroscopic analysis strategy. Our study has created an integrated analysis process for multiple spectral data, which can achieve a rapid, nondestructive and green quality detection for emblic medicines originating from seventeen geographical origins.

Background Occupational stress and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel are serious. Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital, and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel, and analyze the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Methods From July to September 2020, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 2201 employees from 21 centers for disease control and prevention as study subjects covering all levels of administrative divisions in Jiangsu Province. A total of 2036 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 92.5%. The Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used to investigate their occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital. Stratified regression analysis was used to explore the effects of occupational stress and psychological capital on depressive symptoms. A mediating effect model was used to analyze and verify the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Results The total scores in M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital in the target population were 42.0 (37.0, 48.0), 8.0 (4.0, 9.0), and 4.6 (4.0, 5.0) respectively. The positive rate of occupational stress was 31.0% (631/2036), and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 22.0% (448/2036). The dimensional scores of organization and reward, and demand and effort of occupational stress were positively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms [Spearman correlation coefficients (r_s) were 0.371 and 0.269, P<0.05]. The dimensional scores of social support and autonomy of occupational stress and the score of psychological capital were negatively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms (r_s=−0.373, −0.112, −0.494, P<0.05). The organization and reward, and demand and effort had positive effects on depressive symptoms (b=0.188, 0.177, P<0.05), while social support and autonomy had negative effects on depressive symptoms (b=−0.290, −0.078, P<0.05), and associated with a 22.5% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had a negative effect on depressive symptoms (b=−0.368, P<0.05), and associated with an 11.0% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had mediating effects on the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy with depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.210 (95%CI: −0.253-−0.171), 0.096 (95%CI: 0.071-0.122), and −0.164 (95%CI: −0.229-−0.103), respectively. The corresponding mediating effect percentages were 40.23%, 26.97%, and 45.56%, respectively. Conclusion Occupational stress of disease prevention and control personnel can directly affect depressive symptoms, but also indirectly through psychological capital. Psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy of occupational stress with depressive symptoms. The occurrence of depressive symptoms can be reduced by decreasing occupational stress and increasing psychological capital.