OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of candesartan combined with amlodipine besylate in the treatment of elderly hypertension. METHODS:Totally 156 elderly patients with hypertension were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Patients in control group were orally given Amlodipine besylate tablets 5 mg in the morning,once a day. Patients in observation group were orally given Candesartan tablets 8 mg based on the treatment of control group,once a day. The course of both was 8 weeks. The clinical data was observed,including clinical efficacy,systolic blood pressure(SBP)and dia-stolic blood pressure(DBP)before and after treatment,fasting blood glucose(FPG),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),24 h urinary albumin total(mAlb),serum creatinine(SCr)and the incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group;the HOMA-IR,mAlb and SCr in observation group were significant-ly lower than control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). After treatment,the blood pressure in 2 groups was significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,with significant differences(P<0.05);there was no sig-nificant difference in the FPG(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Candesartan combined with amlodipine besylate has better efficacy than only amlodipine besylate in the treatment of elderly hypertension,with similar safety.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of Chinese materia medica. METHODS: High-tech and modern methods which have been adopted in processing of Chinese materia medica are reviewed in this paper. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The application of High-tech can improve the quality of Chinese materia medica and quicken the process of modernization of Chinese materia medica.

Rehabilitation medicine is a comprehensive multi-discipline. It is important to use varied Methods , modern and traditional, rationally in teaching rehabilitation medicine to improve the quality and efficiency. Some of these Methods were discussed.

BACKGROUND: Physical therapy is an effective treatment for movement disorder caused by central nerve system injury, while incorrect rehabilitative method will exacerbate the movement disorders in patients.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of physical therapy on movement and daily activity of the patients suffering from brain injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on patients with a confirmativediagnosis.SETTING: Rehabilitation department in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: From September 2001 to August 2002, 78 patients hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Department of the Hospital Affiliated to Luzhou Medical College, with hemiplegia caused by brain injury, were selected into this study. The patients with severe brain injury, severe understanding disability, and severe heart diseases, lung diseases and kidney diseases were excluded.METHODS: The eligible patients were divided into two groups: the physical therapy group(48 patients) and the control group(30 patients) . All the patients in these two groups received medication and the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), while the patients in the physical therapy group received an extra physical therapy.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: A Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA) and a modified barthel index(MBI) were adopted to evaluate the pre-and post-treatment statuses of the patients in these two groups.RESULTS: No significant difference in age, sex and disease course between the physical therapy group and the control group was found. In the physical therapy group, the FMA scale before and after the therapy were 40.43 ± 21.78 and 68.35 ±23.39, and the corresponding MBI scale were 32.82 ± 17.40 and 78.84 ± 25.31 respectively. In the control group,meanwhile, the FMA scales were 41.71 ± 19. 13 and 51.48 ± 22.58, and the MBI scales were 33.02 ± 12.48 and 56.65 ± 26.53. Before the therapy,comparison of FMA and MBI between the two groups showed no significant difference. While after the therapy, significant difference of FMA and MBI between the two groups could be confirmed( t = 2. 14, 2.21, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Physical therapy could apparently enhance the rehabilitation of movement ability in patients with brain injury.

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of chemoradiotherapy on 74 patients with early stage nasal NK/T cell lymphoma and their prognostic factors. Methods 74 patients with early nasal NK/T cell lymphoma that were treated in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2005 to November 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 28 patients received radiotherapy alone, 10 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 36 patients received alone. In 36 patients with chemotherapy, 25 cases were treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide+doxorubicin+vincristine+prednisone), 4 cases were treated with DICE (dexamethasone + etoposide + cisplatin + isofosfamide) and 7 cases were treated with L-asparaginase +dexamethasone+ifosfamide+methotrexate + etoposide. According to Ann Arbor classification, 60 patients were stage Ⅰ and 14 patients were stage Ⅱ. Kaplan-Meier test was used for survival analysis, log-rank method was used for single factor analysis, and Cox proportional hazard model was used for multi factor analysis. Results All patients completed the treatment. 24 patients were died. 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 72.5 %. The OS rate in simple radiotherapy group was 92.7 %, simple chemotherapy group was 62.3%, and the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was 79.1%. The OS rates in simple radiotherapy and simple chemotherapy groups had statistical difference (χ2 = 10.676, P< 0.05), The difference in the simple radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy groups was not statistically significant (χ2= 2.019, P> 0.05). In radiotherapy alone group, the rates of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable rate and progress rate of disease were 89.3%(25/28), 7.1%(2/28), 3.6%(1/28), and 0;in chemotherapy alone group, they were 55.6 % (20/36), 25.0 % (9/36), 8.0 % (3/36), and 11.1 % (4/36); in concurrent chemoradiotherapy group, they were 80.0 % (8/ 10), 10.0 % (1/10), 0, and 10.0 % (1/10), respectively. There was significant difference between radiotherapy group and chemotherapy group (χ2 = 8.584, P< 0.05); there was no significant difference between radiotherapy group and concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (χ2=0.556, P>0.05). Single factor analysis showed that age, ECOG score, B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage, IPI and treatment options were related to the prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that age, ECOG score and Ann Arbor stage were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions As the main treatment method of early stage nasal NK/T cell lymphoma, radiotherapy can obtain good short-term curative effect and long-term curative effect. Age, ECOG score, B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage, IPI and treatment options are related to survival prognosis. Age, ECOG score and Ann Arbor stage are the independent prognostic factors.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy on dysfunction after brachial plexus injury. Methods 60 cases with brachial plexus injury following dysfunction were divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=30) was treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy. The control group (n=30) was treated with kinesitherapy. Two groups were assessed by the brachial plexus function evaluation standard before and 3 months after the treatment.Results Two group all improved 3 months after the treatment (P<0.05), while the experimental group was better than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy is more effective to improve the function after brachial plexus injury.

Through comparing problem-based learning and lecture-based learning, the PBL teaching can improve the learning interest and self-learning ability of students and also can accomplish the task of teaching better.

Objective:To study the radiation-sensitizing effects of nimotuzumab and X-ray radiotherapy on human esophageal carcino-ma KYSE450 cells. Methods:Human esophageal carcinoma cells KYSE450 were treated with nimotuzumab, irradiation, and the combi-nation of both. Cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cy-tometry assay. Cell radiosensitivity was tested by clonogenic assay, and the survival curve was fitted using multi-target single-hit mod-el. The combination and accelerated radiation groups were tested by microarray technology, and the differentially expressed genes were screened among the two groups. Results:The growth of KYSE450 cells was inhibited in three groups, namely, the group treated with nimotuzumab, the group treated with irradiation, and the group treated with both. The group treated with both nimotuzumab and irradiation resulted in the highest inhibition rate (35.25%±5.62%) compared with that of the nimotuzumab (16.12%±8.73%) and ir-radiation groups (27.64%± 6.66%) (F=10.953, P<0.001). The highest rates of G2 phase arrest and cell apoptosis were observed in the group treated with the combination of nimotuzumab (29.37%±7.29%) (F=17.299, P<0.001) and irradiation (18.80%±2.03%) (F=85.691, P<0.001). Multi-target single-hit model showed that the values of SF2, Do, and Dq in the group with both treatments were smaller than those of the irradiation group with sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.63, which confirmed the radiosensitization effect of ni-motuzumab on KYSE450 cells. Microarray technology analysis found that nimotuzumab can enhance the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by cutting the genes of EGF/PDGF signaling pathways. Conclusion:This experiment shows that nimotuzumab can effectively inhibit the growth of human esophageal cancer cell KYSE450. Nimotuzumab can also promote apoptosis and G2 phase arrest when combined with X-ray radiotherapy, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of KYSE450 cells. This effect is associated with cutting the genes of EGFR signaling pathways.

Objective At present, the methods of separating and identifying nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells are not yet mature.This study was to explore the methods of culturing nasopharyngeal cancer stem cell microspheres and identify the cancerous stem cell biological features of CNE-2 cell microspheres. Methods We conducted suspension culture of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 cells and C666-1 cells in serum-free medium ( SFM) containing growth factors.Then we measured the proportion of CD133 +cells in CNE2 monolayer ( CNE2-MN) and CNE2 microsphere cells ( CNE2-SC) by flow cytometry, determined their in vitro invasiveness through Transwell chamber experiments, and detected their in vivo tumorigenicity via nude mouse experiments.We ob-served the differentiation potency of the CNE2-SCs in the adherent-cultured serum-containing medium and detected the expressions of the cancer stem cell-related genes Bmi-1, Oct4, and Twist1 in CNE2-MN and CNE2-SCs by flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis. Results In the special blend of SFM, both of the cell lines can form microspheres that can be stably transferred.Fresh SFM prepara-tion, substituting cell separation agent Accutase for pancreatic enzyme for transfer, and maintaining the state of cell suspension contrib-uted to the formation and proliferation of microspheres.Adherent culture with serum-containing medium induced the differentiation of CNE2-MN cells, which exhibited no significant difference from the CNE2 microsphere cells.The CD133 +cells accounted for 98.79%in the CNE2 microspheres, significantly higher than 0.98%in the CNE2 cells (P<0.01).Compared with the CNE2-MN cells, the CNE2-SCs showed highly increased expressions of Bmi-1, Oct4, and Twist1 (P<0.01).The numbers of membrane-penetrating cells in the CNE2-SCs and CNE2-MN cells were 122 ±6 and 36 ±7 per visual field, the former with a stronger invasive ability than the latter genesis of 1 ×106 CNE2-SCs vs that of the same number of CNE2 -MNcells was (2.332 ±0.549) cm 3 sv (0.669 ±0 .278) cm3 ( P<0.01). Conclusion Using suspension culture with a specially prepared SFM, nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 microsphere cells can be obtained, in which there are large numbers of cancer stem cells.This culture method may provide a base for further studies of naso-pharyngeal cancer stem cells.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis influencing factors of early non-small cell luny cancer (NSCLC) after radiotherapy.Methods 81 early NSCLC patients received definitive radiotherapy and were eligible.Among these patients,60 were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma,16 were adenocarcinoma and 5 were diagnosed through imaging instead of pathology.45 patients received conventional radiotherapy,36 patients received three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT),All of them received a total dose of 50-96 Gy with a median dose of 67.8 Gy. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression model analysis were applied to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors. Results The median survival time was 34 months.The 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates (OS) were 88.7 ％,41.9 ％,21.8 ％,respectively.Karnofsky performance status≥80,Clinical stage, diameter≤4 cm and the therapeutic effect were associated with improving overall survival.Cox hazards model showed that Karnofsky performance status≥ 80 and diameter≤4 cm were likely to be independent positive prognostic factors. Conclusion Karnofsky performance status and tumor diamater can be used to evaluate the prognosis of early NSCLC after radiotherapy.