OBJECTIVETo compare gene expression profile of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with different metastatic potentials, so as to screen for metastasis-related genes.

METHODSGene expression profile of MHCC97-L and HCCLM3, two HCC cell lines with similar genetic background but different in spontaneous metastatic potentials, were studied by cDNA microarray.

RESULTSFrom 1,626 screened genes, 25 differentially expressed genes were found, 18 showed decreased expression including the decreased expression of cell cycle control genes Rb2, mismatch repair gene hMSH2, and signal transduction gene protein kinase C beta 2 and 7 increased expression including signal transduction gene MAP kinase kinase 6, cell proliferation gene E25, immunity related gene SP40, 40, etc in HCCLM3.

CONCLUSIONThe genes, being closely associated with cancer metastasis, could be considered as potential markers to predict metastasis and targets for anti-metastasis intervention.

Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective:To observe the relationship between autophagy regulation activity of chromosome 19 open reading frame 5 (C19ORF5) and malignant degree of colorectal cancer and chemosensitivity of paclitaxel.Methods:The tumor tissues and normal adjacent tissues of 141 colorectal cancer patients from 2015 to 2017 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were selected. The expressions of C19ORF5 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and timed quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between C19ORF5 protein regulating autophagy activity and malignancy of colorectal cancer was analyzed. All 141 patients received postoperative chemotherapy, among whom 91 patients received conventional chemotherapy (capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin, conventional chemotherapy group), and 50 patients received conventional chemotherapy combined with paclitaxel (paclitaxel group). Six course of treatment was treated in both groups.Results:Autophagosomes could been seen under transmission electron microscopy. C19ORF5 protein was pale yellow to tan granules, and was expressed in the cytoplasm. The C19ORF5 protein staining intensity of cancer tissue was significantly stronger than that of normal tissue, and the staining intensity of stage Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of stage Ⅳ. The high expression rate of C19ORF5 protein in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ: 83.3% (25/30) vs. 17.1% (19/111), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). The expression of C19ORF5 mRNA in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues: 1.17 ± 0.45 vs. 0.82 ± 0.29, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The expression level of C19ORF5 protein in cancer tissue was related to tumor stage, carcinoembryonic antigen and liver metastasis ( P<0.01 or <0.05); the expression level of C19ORF5 protein in cancer tissue was not related to lymph node metastasis ( P>0.05). Of the 91 cases in conventional chemotherapy group, chemotherapy was effective in 70 cases (76.9%) and ineffective in 21 cases (23.1%). Of 50 cases in paclitaxel group, it was effective in 42 cases (84.0%) and ineffective in 8 cases (16.0%). There was no statistical difference in effective rate between 2 groups ( P>0.05). In conventional chemotherapy group, there was no significant difference in serum C19ORF5 protein expression levels between cancer tissues before and after chemotherapy in effective patients and ineffective patients ( P>0.05); there was no significant difference in serum C19ORF5 protein expression levels between effective patients and ineffective patients after chemotherapy ( P>0.05). In paclitaxel group, the expression level of C19ORF5 protein in cancer tissues before chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in serum C19ORF5 protein after chemotherapy: 0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2, the expression level of serum C19ORF5 protein in patients with effective chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in ineffective patients: 0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The high expression of C19ORF5 protein can increase the autophagy activity of colorectal cancer tissue; C19ORF5 protein regulates autophagy activity and is negatively correlated with the malignant degree of colorectal cancer; C19ORF5 protein may increase the sensitivity of paclitaxel chemotherapy by enhancing autophagy activity.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pcv-aCO2) on the prognosis of elderly patients with sepsis.Methods 208 elderly patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Sepsis-3 and with the age of more than 60 years old, and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Guangdong General Hospital from January to December in 2017 were enrolled. According to the prognosis, the patients were divided into death group (n = 46) and survival group (n = 162). The Pcv-aCO2, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) were collected for all patients. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The correlations between Pcv-aCO2 and ScvO2, PCT, CRP, SOFA, APACHEⅡscores were analyzed respectively with Pearson correlation. The prognostic value of Pcv-aCO2 in elderly patients with sepsis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results Compared with survival group, the Pcv-aCO2, PCT, CRP, SOFA and APACHEⅡscores in death group were significantly increased [Pcv-aCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 6.13±3.33 vs. 4.40±2.65, PCT (μg/L): 31.41±12.83 vs. 3.01±2.69, CRP (mg/L): 130.51± 42.23 vs. 104.46±50.12, SOFA: 12.01±2.25 vs. 9.05±2.06, APACHEⅡ: 29.52±5.03 vs. 20.01±3.21, allP < 0.05], and ScvO2 in death group was significantly decreased (0.571±0.136 vs. 0.685±0.106,P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the Pcv-aCO2 was negatively correlated with ScvO2 (r = -0.762,P = 0.001) and was positively correlated with PCT, CRP, SOFA and APACHEⅡscores (r value was 0.737, 0.625, 0.738, 0.713, respectively, allP < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of Pcv-aCO2 prediction of death in patients with sepsis was 0.826, the cut-off was 6.62 mmHg, the sensitivity was 84.7％, the specificity was 77.5％, the positive likelihood ratio was 3.76, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.19.Conclusion Pcv-aCO2 has a great value in evaluating the prognosis of elderly patients with sepsis and can accurately determine the prognosis of sepsis.

Objective To systematically compare the efficacy of postoperative local incision infiltration and epidural analgesia in the patients undergoing hepatectomy.Methods The Chinese and English databases were searched in November 2017.The clinical trials involving application of local incision infiltration and epidural analgesia in postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing hepatectomy were included.Results Five studies involving 827 patients were included in this meta-analysis,598 cases received local incision infiltration and 229 cases received epidural analgesia.The results of meta-analysis showed that epidural analgesia provided better efficacy than local incision infiltration during movement at 24 and 48 h after operation.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the patients who received local incision infiltration after operation than those who underwent epidural analgesia.The descriptive results indicated that local incision infiltration can shorten the recovery time of intestinal function and length of hospital stay.The results of opioid doses studied in the two groups were inconsistent.Conclusion Epidural analgesia has an advantage over the local incision infiltration in relieving pain during movement,however,local incision infiltration has a lower incidence of adverse reactions in the patients undergoing hepatectomy.

The central nervous system is one of the most sensitive targets of microwave radiation. Microwave radiation can affect spatial learning and memory and neural information transmission. The effects of microwave radiation on neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This paper reviews the effects of microwave radiation on learning/memory and neurotransmitters as well as the mechanisms of action on neurotransmitters. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for future research in this area.

ObjectiveThe human angiotensin converting enzyme2 （hACE2） transgenic mouse model was used to clarify the antiviral efficacy of BD-77 against a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and explore the action mechanism of BD-77 against SARS-CoV-2. MethodSARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variant strains-infected VeroE6 cell models were established and administered with BD-77 to observe the antiviral effect of BD-77 in vitro. A kit was used to detect the effect of BD-77 in vitro on the binding of spike S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus （Delta/Omicron） to angiotensin converting enzyme2 （ACE2）. Chromatography was adopted to detect the binding of BD-77 to the S protein and N protein of the novel coronavirus. hACE2 transgenic C57BL/6 mice were divided into a blank control group， SARS-CoV-2 infection group， BD-77 administration groups of 37.5 mg·kg^-1 and 75 mg·kg^-1， with eight mice in each group. The pneumonia model of SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice was built to observe the survival of the mice， detect the virus titer of the lung tissue of the mice， and observe the lesions in the lung tissue. ResultBD-77 had a certain inhibitory effect on Omicron and Delta variant strains in vitro， with median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of 526.3 mg·L^-1 and 653.0 mg·L^-1， respectively. BD-77 had no significant inhibitory effect on the binding of the S protein of WT， Omicron， and Delta variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 and had no binding effect with the S protein and N protein of the novel coronavirus. No mice in the blank group died， while the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice was 75%. There was a large amount of virus replication in the lung tissue of the mice and large areas of inflammatory infiltration in the lung tissue and interstitium. Compared with the model group， BD-77 administration groups of 37.5 mg·kg^-1 and 75 mg·kg^-1 could reduce the mortality of mice， significantly lower the virus titer in the lung tissue of mice （P<0.05）， and improve lung lesions. ConclusionBD-77 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro and in vivo. However， its mechanism of action did not involve direct inhibition of the virus itself or intervention in the virus-host binding process. This finding suggests that the mechanism of action of BD-77 needs to be thoroughly investigated and elucidated by further experiments.