ObjectiveTo explore the Apolipoprotein-E （ApoE） gene polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD）, vascular dementia (VD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MethodsPeripheral blood was taken from patient with AD, VD or MCI to determine the ApoE genotypes. ResultsThe most of the patients were ε3/ε3 genotype, while the ε2/ε2 and ε4/ε4 could not be detected. ε3/ε4 genotype （P=0.001） and ApoE ε4 allele （P=0.013） was more frequent in AD than in MCI. ApoE ε4 was more frequent in VD than in MCI （P=0.044）. ConclusionApoE ε4 allele is a risk factor in AD, and may be associated with VD and MCI.

【Objective】 To develop methods to display the IgG autoantibody repertoire of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products, analyze the different types of antibodies and study the diversity of IgG autoantibody in 4 IVIG preparations from different Chinese manufacturers. 【Methods】 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proteins were used to demonstrate the IgG autoantibody repertoire and the human protein microarray with bioinformatics analysis was employed to profile the immune reactive autoantigens of the 4 IVIG preparations. 【Results】 The methods to showcase the autoantibody repertoire and study the antibody diversity of IVIG were successfully established. High-quality repertoires of IVIG autoantibodies and biological information about self-proteins that can be recognized were obtained. There was a significant difference in the recognition of the quantity and variety of the self-antigens by different IVIG products. The number of antibodies against HUVEC proteins in four products ranged from 241-386. The number of proteins recognized on the human protein chip ranged from 292-435, with 172 human self-proteins recognized by all four products. 【Conclusion】 Demonstration of antibody repertoire and protein chip technology can be used to analyze IVIG products′ IgG autoantibody repertoire. All four preparations tested in this study exhibited a broad spectrum of antibodies against HUVEC proteins and human proteome microarray, each product had its unique antibody repertoire characteristics.

【Objective】 Tostudy the effect of sex-differentiated human IgG samples on Dendritic cells (DC) secretion of inflammation-related factors and explore the effect of residual sex hormones in IgG products (such as IVIg) on the secretion of IL-6 by DC. 【Methods】 According to the standard IVIg production process, the company was entrustedto prepare sex-differentiated plasma purified IgG samples, and two sex-differentiated IgG samples with different sex ratios (male to female ratio1: 0, 0: 1) were obtained. The samples and referenceswere treated with human DC (induced by THP-1 cells) respectively. After 24 h of culture, the chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-) in the cell supernatant were detected, The effects of different samples on the secretion of inflammation-related factors by DC were compared. The effect of sex hormone residues on the anti-inflammatory ability of IgG products was preliminarily explored uing sex hormones and sex hormone receptor blockers. 【Results】 The samples in each group significantly inhibitedthe secretion of chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and the adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by mature DC (compared with the PBS group, P<0.05), but significantly promoted the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a/b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70), compared with the PBS group(P<0.05). The results of sex hormone residues showed that therewere residues of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TSTO) in sex-differentiated IgG samples and IVIg products. The experimental results of IVIg and sex hormone/sex hormone receptor blockers showed that residual E2 may promote the secretion of IL-6 by DC, which may be achieved through the E2 receptor ERb. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the effect of IgG samples prepared from combined plasma with different sex ratios on the secretion of cytokines by DC, which may be related to the residual E2 in the products. The residual sex hormones in IVIg may promote the production and secretion of IL-6 through the sex hormone receptor ERb expressed in DC, and TSTO may have a collaboration effect to enhance the secretion-promoting effect of IL-6 by E2. This study provides a theoretical basis for whether sex hormone residues need to be considered in the quality control indicators of IVIg products.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) dimer concentration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the binding ability of IgG Fc fragment to THP-1 cell surface receptors. 【Methods】 Firstly, protein purification and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to prepare different concentrations of IgG dimers. After that, IgG dimer was added to IVIG to prepare IVIG containing different concentrations of IgG dimer. Finally, based on the method established in our laboratory, we analyzed the effect of IgG dimer concentration in IVIG on the binding ability of IgG Fc fragment to THP-1 cell surface receptors. 【Results】 When the concentration of IgG dimer in IVIG was 1.11%-10.30%, its binding ability to Fc receptors on the surface of THP-1 cell was 97.67%-135.33%, and this binding ability was positively correlated with the concentration of IgG dimer. When the IgG dimer concentration exceeded 13.22%, the binding ability had no correlation with the IgG dimer concentration. 【Conclusion】 A certain concentration of IgG dimer can promote the binding ability of the IgG Fc fragment in IVIG to receptors on the surface of THP-1 cells, which needs further verification from animal experiments and clinical data.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) with different Aβ antibody content on the cognitive function of Alzheimer′s disease model mice. 【Methods】 IVIG from 8 domestic blood products companies were selected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of Aβ40/42 antibody. Three kinds of IVIG with high, middle and low Aβ42/40 antibody levels were selected to treat 3xTg-AD mice. Forty 3-month-old 3xTg-AD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 mice in each group(half male and half female). Three treat groups were intraperitoneally injected with three kinds of IVIG with 1g·kg^-1 for 12 weeks(twice a week). The controls were injected with the same volume of saline. Behavioral tests were performed immediately by using the mouse behavior analysis system after a total of 24 injections. 【Results】 The concentrations of antibodies(μg/mL) against Aβ40 monomer in IVIG ranged 0.7±0.05 to 3.1±0.05, concentrations of antibodies against Aβ40 oligomer ranged 11.7±0.7 to 32.0±2.2, concentrations of antibodies against Aβ42 monomer ranged 1.8±0.1 to 27.9±0.3, and concentrations of antibodies against Aβ42 oligomeric ranged 2.3±0.1 to 49.4±2. High(IVIG-1), medium(IVIG-8) and low(IVIG-6) IVIG were selected for mice study. In the open field test, the time of four groups of mice entering the central area(s) was 0.5±0.9, 23.4±6.1(P<0.0001), 4.6±2.8 and 2.6±2.3, respectively; the number of feces(grains) was 1.6±0.7(P<0.0001), 1.2±0.4(P<0.0001), 2.4±0.5(P<0.001) and 3.8±0.8, respectively. In the novel object recognition test, the scores of exploring new objects were 71.3±29.5(P<0.05), 71.8±20.5(P<0.05), 75.9±26.9(P<0.01) and 25.6±23.7, respectively. In the Barnes maze test, the time of exploring the target hole in the IVIG-8 group was significantly longer than that in the control on the 6^th day(50.3±19.3 vs 21±14.6, P<0.05) and the 13^th day(58.2±20.9 vs 19.2±15.9, P<0.005), but there was no significant difference between the IVIG-1, 6 groups and the control. 【Conclusion】 There is a significant difference in the level of Aβ40/42 antibody among 8 kinds of domestic IVIG. Domestic IVIG could improve the cognitive function of 3-month-old 3xTg-AD mice after continuous intervention for 3 months. The improvement effect, however, was related to the Aβ antibody in IVIG, but not to the antibody concentration.

【Objective】 To obtain the quality information of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) concentrates in China. 【Methods】 FⅧ concentrates produced by 7 domestic blood product manufactures and 1 foreign manufacture were collected, then FⅧ and vWF contained in FⅧ concentrates were evaluated. 【Results】 The activity loss of vWF was more than 25% in 2 of the 7 domestic FⅧ concentrates. The ratio of vWF activity to FⅧ activity in FⅧ concentrates from different domestic manufactures was significantly different (P<0.05). The ratio in FⅧ concentrates prepared by C, D, F manufacturer was greater than 1, which was similar to that in willate^@ approved abroad for the treatment of vWD. The ratio in FⅧ concentrates prepared by E manufacturer was greater than 0.7 and less than 1, and by A, B, G manufacturers was less than 0.5. In addition, the specific activities of FⅧ and vWF were significantly different among different FⅧ concentrates in China (P<0.05), and the specific activities of FⅧ and vWF were much lower than that of willate^@. 【Conclusion】 The variation of vWF quality between domestic FⅧ concentrates and willate^@ is mainly due to the different in vWF content. After the comprehensive consideration of various indicators, the FⅧ concentrates made by C and D manufacturers may be used in the treatment of vWD.

【Objective】 To investigate the level of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) related indexes in plasma donors from longevity area, and explore its influencing factors. 【Methods】 1 027 plasma donors from longevity hotspot (Bama, Guangxi province) and 1 816 donors from non-longevity region (Shimen, Hunan province) who donated plasma during June to November 2018 were randomly selected. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and fructosamine (FUN) of the two groups were measured and statistically analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with the non-longevity region group, the TG, TC and FUN levels of longevity hotspot group were lower (1.41±0.96 vs 2.31±1.28, 3.89±0.92 vs 4.04±0.82, 176.65±26.60 vs 200.33±34.19; all P<0.05), but HDLC, LDLC, Apo-A1 and Apo-B levels were higher (1.11±0.32 vs 0.96±0.25, 2.53±0.70 vs 2.29±0.56, 1.56±0.28 vs 1.23±0.18, 0.80±0.27 vs 0.72±0.19; all P<0.05). The yield (%) of high TG(12.0 vs 40.01) and FUN(0.58 vs 2.48), low HDLC(24.63 vs 43.90) and Apo-A1(1.66 vs 22.56) were lower in longevity area than those in non-longevity region (all P<0.05), but high LDLC(2.73 vs 0.28) and Apo-B(4.09 vs 0.22) yield(%) were higher in longevity area group ( P<0.05). The levels of TC, HDLC, LDLC, Apo-A1 and Apo-B were significantly different by ages (all P < 0.01), presenting positively correlated with age, significantly by gender and nationality, and slightly by blood type. 【Conclusion】 The ASCVD indexes of plasma donors from Bama were different from those from Shimen. Age, nationality, gender and blood type of donors from Bama all had a certain influence on these indexes levels.

【Objective】 To explore the risk of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) transmitted by blood transfusion. 【Methods】 There were 10 APP/PS1 mice of 3, 6 and 9 months old, half female and half male, and the cognitive and behavioral abilities of C57 mice of the same age were measured, and the blood of the oldest APP/PS1 mice with no behavioral changes were collected to detect the contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42. The polymers Aβ40 and Aβ42 were prepared and Western blotting analysis was conducted. Kunming mice aged from 6 to 7 months were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 mice/ group, half male and half female). The blood of APP/PS1 mice was injected intravenously in experimental group 1-2(100 μL/mouse) with high frequency injection (3 times/week) and low frequency injection (1 time/week), respectively. In experimental group 3-4, Aβ40 and Aβ42 polymerized mixture (100 μL/mouse) were injected in high frequency and low frequency, respectively. The control group 1-2 was injected with the same amount of normal saline, with high frequency and low frequency, respectively. The above groups were injected for 4 weeks, and the cognitive and behavioral abilities were tested and analyzed one week after injection. Finally, the contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in blood of Kunming mice were detected. 【Results】 Change in cognitive and behavioral ability showed in 9 months old APP/PS1 mice, but not in 3 and 6 months old APP/PS1 mice. The contents of Aβ40 and Aβ42 (pg/mL) in blood of 6-7 months old APP/PS1 mice were 418.40±2.18 and 15.68±0.20, respectively. Except for monomers, most of the polymerized mixtures of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were dimers and trimers. In both high frequency and low frequency, Kunming mice transfused with blood of APP/PS1 mice (experimental group 1-2) showed a certain degree of anxiety-like behavior and short-term memory shortening in open-field test and conditioned fear test, but without significant difference. There was no significant difference in open field test, new object recognition, Barnes maze and cognitive behavior analysis of conditioned fear between experimental group 3-4 and the control group. The levels of blood Aβ40 and Aβ42(pg/mL) of Kunming mice detected by ELISA were 10.30±0.08 and 3.360±0.005, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. 【Conclusion】 Blood transfusion of APP/PS1 mice and the mixture of Aβ40 and Aβ42 have no significant effect on the cognitive function of healthy Kunming mice in a short time, and the risk of AD transmission is relatively low.