The A/G polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antiger 4(CTLA-4) was determined by PCR-RFLP in 120 patients with recurrent Graves′ disease (GD), including 85 cases with early relapses within 3 years and 35 cases with relapses more than 3 years after withdrawal of antithyroid medication.66 initial GD patients and 100 healthy controls were included in the present study.The results suggest that A/G polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated not only with GD, but also with early relapes after withdrawal of antithyroid medication.

Objective To explore the relationship between calcium channel ?1 subunit (Cav1.1) gene intron 26 -67 A/G polymorphism and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis(TPP). Methods Cav1.1 gene polymorphism at position -67 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 46 male patients with TPP, 68 male Graves’ disease (GD) patients without TPP and 72 healthy male controls. The difference of genotype and the variation of allele frequencies were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results (1) Frequencies distribution of AG+GG genotype in TPP, GD and control groups were 47.83%, 14.71% and 29.17% respectively, and those of allele G were 44.57%, 13.24% and 27.78% for the three groups respectively. (2) Frequencies of -67 AG+GG genotype in TPP group were significantly higher than those in GD and CON group(OR=5.32, P

Objective To solve the problem of erectile dysfunction in clinical forensic medicine investigation by using the nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) testing. Method 13 cases who complained erectile dysfunction after trauma were studied by using RIGISCAN PLUS SYSTEM. Results In 13 cases, the results of NPT testing showed that the erectile function was normal in 3 cases, slight dropping in 5 cases, medium dropping in 2 cases, and completely losing in 3 cases. In 5 cases which were serious erectile dysfunction as tested by IIEF, the NPT showed that the erectile function was normal in 1 case, slight dropping in 1 case, medium dropping in 1 cases, and losing completely in 2 cases. Conclusion The nocturnal penile tumescence testing can solve the problem of erectile dysfunction in forensic medicine investigation including the estimatieon of the severity of injury, labor ability assessment and some related questions.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the rational use of Chinese patent drugs(CPD).METHODS:The efficacy of several groups of CPD which share the similar formulation were compared and the components in each formulation were further analyzed in detail.RESULTS:The origins and pathogenesis of diseases treated with different CPD of the similar formulation varied,so did their indications.CONCLUSION:Only by following the principle of"Syndrome Differentiation Treatment"can the efficacy of CPD be maximized.

The -1031T/C polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) gene was determined by PCR-RFLP in 54 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmorpathy (TAO), 60 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) without ophthalmopathy and 76 healthy subjects. The results showed that the frequencies of TC+CC genotype and C allele in TAO group, especially in male patients, were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both P

Objective To explore the sleep problem and its related factors,and to provide evidence for improving sleep quality of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods Pittsburgh sleeping quality index (PSQI),self-rating depression scale (SDS),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and a self-designed questionnaire were applied to survey 318 patients with AS.Data were analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 software.The relationship between the various relevant factors were revealed by t-test,x2 test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The mean total score of PSQI was 6.6±3.6, and 35.4％ of AS outpatients showed poor sleep quality.The difference of PSQI scores and detection rate of poor sleep quality between male and female were not statistically significant.There were significant difference of early morning stiffness(Z=-3.077,P=0.002),BASFI(Z=-4.766,P=0.000),BASDAI(Z=-6.880,P=0.000),nocturnal pain VAS(VAS)(Z=-6.502,P=0.000),total back pain VAS(Z=-6.675,P=0.000),ESR(Z=-2.370,P=0.018),CRP(Z=-2.063,P=0.039) between the poor sleep and the good sleep patients (P＜0.05).The PSQI score was positively correlated with age (r=0.165,P=0.003) but not gender and disease duration (r=0.078,P=0.165; r=0.094,P=0.097).PSQI score difference were also observed between patients with negative mood and patients without negative mood (t=-7.613,P=0.000; t=-7.287,P=0.000).Conclusion High incidence of sleep disorder exists among AS outpatients,and it is closely related with age,anxiety,depression and activity of AS.Attention should be paid to AS patients with sleep problems.

OBJECTIVE:To inverstigate the inhibitory effects of 14 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines on tyrosinase activity METHODS:The effective components of traditional Chinese medicines were extracted by 50% ethanol The speed of enzymic catalysis of tyrosinase was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry to evaluate the inhibitory effects of extracts of traditional Chinese medicines RESULTS:14 reactive time curves of enzymic catalysis of tyrosinase were obtained CONCLUS_ION:13 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines in vitro showed a better inhibitive effect on tyrosinase activity(P

The G395R mutation of human sodium/iodide symporter gene was investigated by PCR-RFLP in 52 children with congenital hypothyroidism and 106 health children. The result suggested that G395R mutation may not be the main cause of congenital hypothyroidism in Qingdao.

Basic biochemical index were measured weekly in hyperuricemia rats.Real-time quantitative PCR technology was employed to measure glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4),insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1,and IRS-2 mRNA expression in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.The gene expression of GLUT-4 and IRS-2 are significantly lower in the last weeks of the hyperuricemia rat.Insulin resistance caused by hyperuricemia is probably related to the lowering expression levels of GLUT-4 and IRS-2 mRNA in the target tissues.

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that the C-106T polymorphism at promotor region of aldose reductase gene and GLU298ASP (894G→T) polymorphism at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with diabetic nephropathy, it should be further studied wnether the risk for diabetic nephropathy will increase when the above polymorphic sites coexist.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the coexistence of the polymorphisms of both the C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene and GLU298ASP (894G→T) at axon 7 of eNOS gene in chromosome 7q35 region and the genesis of diabetic nephropathy in northern Chinese Hah people.DESIGN: A case-controlled, comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University.PARTTCIPANTS; Totally 139 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from the Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University from November 2002 to April 2005,including 54 males and 85 females, (64±8) years of age. Inclusive criteria: Accorded with the standards of diabetic diagnosis and classification by WHO in 1999. According to the 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), they were divided into diabetic nephropathy group (n =61) and non-diabetic nephropathy group (n =78). Meanwhile, 63 healthy controls were selected as the control group, including 24 males and 39 females, 50-78 years of age. All the enrolled subjects were Han people. Informed contents were obtained from all the subjects.METHODS: The genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms of GLU298ASP(894G→T) at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP), DNA sequencing technique and agarose gel electrophoresis separation technique.Then the frequency of genotypes and alleles were compared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Polymorphisms of eNOS gene and aldose reductase gene; ② Results of the multivariant stepwise regression analysis of risk factors for diabetic nephropathy; ③ Polymorphisms of aldose reductase C-106T and eNOS 894G→T and the relative risk of diabetic nephropathy.RESULTS: All the 139 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 63 healthy adults were involved in the analysis of results. ① The frequencies of the T allele and TG genotype at exon 7 894G→T polymorphic site of eNOS gene in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=8.261, 19.629, P ＜ 0.05). ② The frequencies of the T allele and CT genotype at promotor region of aldose reductase gene in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=6.343, 8.940, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). ③ After associated analysis on the above gene polymorphisms, it was found that the frequency of TG/CT genotype in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than that in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=6.972, P ＜ 0.01); whereas the frequency of GG/CC genotype was significantly lower than that in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=13.304, P ＜ 0.05). ④Glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbA1c), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, polymorphisms of 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene were all the independent risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (Wald =5.627, 4.92, P ＜ 0.05). ⑤ GG/GC genotype might be the protective genotype for diabetic nephropathy (OR=0.25, P ＜ 0.01); The risk for diabetic nephropathy in the carrier of GG/CT or TG/CC genotype increased by 2.3 times and risk for diabetic nephropathy in the carrier of TG/CT genotype increased by 4.8 times.CONCLUSION: The coexistence of polymorphisms of 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene can increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. And the TG/CT haplotype formed by the coexistence of polymorphism of these two genes is probably the predisposing genotype for diabetic nephropathy.