[Objective]To observe the effect of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on heterotopic osteogenesis induced by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) and discuss role of never innervation on bone regeneration and partial reasons for larger callus after bone fracture accompanying denervation.[Method]A total of 36 male ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random.0.125mg rhBMP-2 /collagen composites were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches after sciatic nerve and femoral nerve section in the experimental group and after sham operation in the control group.On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation,roentgenographic,biochemical,histological analyses and osteoclasts TRAP staining were performed to detect the effects of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve resection on bone growth initiated by rhBMP-2.[Result]On the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day,wet weight of new bony tissues of the experimental group was obviously greater than that of the control group.Radiography showed range of bone formation in the experimental group was larger than that in the control,but density of new bone was lower than that of the latter.Biochemical detection showed value of AKP of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control on the 7~(th) day,while the content of Ca of the experimental group was higher than that of the control on the 14~(th) day and the content of Ca and P of the experimental group was lower than that of the control on the 21~(st) day.Histological observation showed area of new bone of the experimental group was greater than that of the control,but trabecular bone of the former was sparser than that of the latter.Image analysis of bony tissue showed the relative number of osteoclasts in the experimental group became higher on the 21~(st) day,while volume density and width of bone trabecula in the experimental group were lower than that of the control group.TRAP staining showed osteoclasts in the new bone of the experimental group were more activated than that of the control.[Conclusion]Nerve section results in enhancement of ability of bone regeneration by BMP in the early period,but trabecular bone becomes sparse in the middle and later period because of bone resorption by osteoclasts,which indicates nerve in nervation influences bone regemeration though direct and/or indirect way.

[Objective]To identify the expression of neurotrophic factors(NTFs)and their high affinity receptors(Trk)during the bone induction by recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2)and discuss possible roles of NTFs on the osteoinductive activity of BMP.[Method]After a total of 36 ICR mice were divided into experimental group and control group at random,rhBMP-2/collagen sponge and collagen sponge were implanted into the right thigh muscle pouches of two groups respectively.Tissues in the implanted sites of two groups were removed on the 7~(th),14~(th) and 21~(st) day after implantation.Histological,immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses were performed to detect osteoinductive effect of rhBMP-2 and the expression of NTFs and Trk.[Result]RhBMP-2/collagen sponge displayed a potent ability inducing bone formation,while the expression of NTFs and Trk was observed in the course of osteoinduction by rhBMP-2.Especially on the 7~(th) day in the experimental group,NGF and TrkA positive immunostaining reached the peak in the stage of chondrogenesis,including chondroblasts,chondrocytes,hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts,then decreased in the number of positive cells and the intensity of immunostaining on the 14~(th) and 21~(st) day.BDNF was only observed in chondrocytes and cartilage matrix,and TrkB was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes at the 7~(th) day after implantation.Expression of NT-3 was similar to that of NGF,while TrkC was expressed in chondroblasts and chondrocytes on day 7.Expression level of the mRNA of NTFs peaked at 7 days after the implantation,then decreased,which was nearly coincident with immunohistochemical results.[Conclusion]Many different kinds of cells are induced by rhBMP-2 express NTFs and Trk,which suggests that NTFs may play an important role in the osteogenesis initiated by BMP through direct and indirect pathways.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on liver VX2 tumor in rabbits after intratumoral injection. Methods 40 rabbits with implantation of liver VX2 tumors were randomly divided into 4 groups and intratumorally injected with different preparations.Group A: (control group), 1 ml nomal saline containing 0.2% CMC-Na; Group B: ( 5-Fu group),20 mg/ml 5-Fu 1 ml; Group C: (Nano HAP), 20 mg/ml Nano HAP 1 ml; Group D: (5-Fu+Nano HAP), 20 mg/ml 5-Fu 1 ml and 20 mg/ml Nano HAP 1 ml. Ultrasonography was performed to measure liver tumor volume 7, 14, 21 d after treatment. Survival durations of the animals were recorded. Tumor tissues and liver tissues close to tumor were obtained and examined histologically.Results The average tumor volumes 7, 14 and 21 d after treatment were (4.93 ±0.76)cm3,(15. 67±2.75)cm3 and (52. 36±10. 57)cm3 in group A, (4. 16±0. 33)cm3 , (10. 26± 1.60)cm3 and (18. 89±4.65)cm3 in group B, (1.43±0.13)cm3 , (3.69±0.77)cm3 and (9.51±2.09)cm3 in group C, (2. 80±0.46)cm3 , (3. 77±0. 91)cm3 and (8. 46±0.95)cm3 in group D respectively. The average tumor volumes of groups B, C and D were significantly smaller than that of group A in the same time phases after treatment. The life span of group C was longer than that of other three groups, and there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group D, although the two groups were significantly longer than group A. Blood flow was not detected by color Doppler or power Doppler in group C and group D. Pathological examination showed that there was obvious intratumoral necrosis in group C and D. Tumor in group B exhibited thoroughgoing necrosis. Conclusion Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles intratumoral injection is safe and feasible for treatment of liver tumor. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can exert a significant inhibitory effect on liver VX2 tumor growth in rabbits without liver toxicity.

The development of orthopedic fixing materials is a most basic and active aspect in orthopedic injury treatment.Their invention and application of early manual splints,gypsum bangs,hot-shaped splints,polymeric bangs and so on,greatly promoted orthopedic fixing performance and varied the strategies of orthopedic injury treatment.By repeated experiments and clinical trials,we developed a new orthopedic fixing material using polymeric materials.Convenient to operate,easy to remove,auto-shaped,X ray transmittable,water proof and durable,it not only satisfies the needs of fixing different parts of the body,but also remedies the defects of earlier fixing materials,and therefore has gained an extensive application as the best fixing material for the treatment of clinical and battle-field bone fractures.Further studies on it will surely better its properties,reduce its cost and lead it to a wider application.

Objective To develop a suit of rapidly-fixed evacuation stretcher for safe and convenient transportation of the wounded. Methods By making use of the expansion-shaping property of a bubble-shaped material produced by the chemical reaction of two kinds of Macromolecule materials, and the restrictive effect of body shape matching cotton fabric fixation-bag, a new type of stretcher was developed. Results It was proved by the maneuver and all kinds of traffic accidents that the field stretcher could provide dependable safeguard for the wounded, and the effect was very well. It was suitable to carry out the second or the third treatment and other transportation schemes. Conclusion This new type of field stretcher is light, portable and easily-operated, and besides, it can be used repeatedly.

Objective: Gallbladder polyps are frequently discovered in the past decade. Ifthe polyps are oenign,without concomitant stone and the gallbladder has a good function, it is not an absolutely indication for cholecystectomy. For this reason percutaneous endoscopio polypectomy of the gallbladden polyps were developed and applied. Methods: Among those who underwent peroutaneous endosoopic polypectomy of the gallbladder, 85 patients with gallblaeder polyps were studied. Under the epidural anesthesia, cholecystoscope was introduced into the gallbladder. The polyps were coagulated by self-made miorowave ceagulator and then resected for histopathelogical evaluation. The preserved gallbladders were followed up to evaluate the effioacy of this minimally invasive therapy. Results: All precedures were eventful with mean operation time of 1h to 1. 5h. Sixty seven patients were followed-up for a mean of 5.5 yeah (2～9 years) and showed all patients to be symptom free and in 64 cases the gallbladder function was found to be well preserved without recurrence of polyps and occurrenca of gallstones on ultraSound. Conclusion: The procedure reposed is a reliable, simple,effective and minimally invasive technique to remove gallbledder polyps and to preserve gallbladder function for the patients who have the benign gallbladder polyps.

AIM　As one of the reactive oxygen species, toxic dose of H2O2 leads to the necrosis or apoptosis of many kinds of cells. It is nuclear whether these processes are related with the changes of nuclear Ca2+ elicited by H2O2. This study on the effect of taurine on changes of nuclear and cytosolic (Ca2+) elicited by H2O2 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS　The techniques of Fluo-3 and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used. RESULTS　Rapid and sustaining rise of nuclear ［Ca2+］ (［Ca2+］n) and cytosolic ［Ca2+］(［Ca2+］c) were found in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells upon adding of 0.5% H2O2. Pretreatment of the cells with 20 mmol*L-1 taurine, a regulator of cellular Ca2+ homestasis, significantly decreased the rise amplitude of ［Ca2+］n (P<0.05), but failed to affect that of ［Ca2+］c (P>0.05) elicited by H2O2. It was suggested that the changes of ［Ca2+］n and ［Ca2+］c have different respond to taurine. CONCLUSION　It was concluded that there exist the independent regulating mechanisms of Ca2+ in the nucleus from differences between the nucleus and cytosol Ca2+ in sensitivity to action of H2O2 and taurine.

objective To compare cardiac function early after cardiac valve replacement with and without atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation(RFA).Methods Thirty-eight patients who underwent RFA Cox-Maze Ⅳ procedure combined with rheumatic valve replacement were discharged as cured from March 2007 to August 2009 (RFA group). Their postoperative recovery time, troponin T (cTnT) and ultrasonic cardiogram data were compared with those of 38 patients with atrial fibrillation matchad for age,sex, preoperative NYHA class and types of rheumatic valve replacement (control group). Results Although the cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time of RFA group were longer [( 152.8 ± 46.1 ),(91.0 ± 26.1 ) min] than those of control group [( 104.7 ± 40.8), (68.0 ± 30.3) min] (P ＜ 0.01 ), the postoperative recovery time and perioperative changes of LVEF of both groups were similar. Compared with control group, the RFA group's postoperative elevated cTnT was more marked [( 1.8 ± 0.6) μ g/L vs.(0.8 ±0.4) μg/L],their left atrial diameters was generally decreased (P＜0.05). Among them who underwent combined aortic and mitral valve replacement had increased posterior wall thickness of left ventricle and decreased fractional shortening. Conclusions Compared to patients having simple valve replacement, those undergoing valve replacement with RFA Cox-Maze Ⅳ procedure have generally better recovery of cardiac function early after operation, may have more potential threaten, and more attention should be paied to their perioperative myocardial preservation and preventive maintenance of cardiac function.

Objective Both underuse and overuse of anticoagulant therapy may lead to severe adverse effects. Emerging portable monitering devices, which provides reliable and accurate measurements, were reported to be potential alternatives to tra-ditional monitering recta-analysis regimens. This study was intended to evaluate the effects of serf-monitoring or serf-management (self-testing and serf-dosing) of anticoagulant as compared with that of traditional monitoring. Methods Relevant trials reported before October 2008 were identified in a number of electronic database and analyzed with software RevMan 4.2. The primary out-comes included death from any cause, major bleeding event, thromboembolic event and the proportion of patients whose interna-tional normalized ratio (INR) were within the therapeutic range. Results Seventeen RCT of serf-monitoring were identified.Pooled estimates revealed significant reductions in the thromboembolic events (odds ratio 0.46, 95% CI0.33 -0.64), all-cause mortality (0.61,0.40 -0.93), and major haemorrhage (0.80, 0.58 - 1.10) with self-monitoring as comparing with traditional monitoring. No difference was noted in minor haemorrhage. 15 trials reported improvements in the mean proportion of patients whose INR were within target range. Conclusion Self-management regimen is superior to traditional monitoring in the outcomes of oral anticoagulation. Patients capable of self-monitoring and serf-adjusting have fewer thromboembolic events and lower mortali-ty than those undergoing self-monitoring alone. However, self-monitoring requires education and training for patients.

Objective To discuss the timing of extubation in patients of congenital heart disease (CHD)with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) undergoing connective surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods A retrospective study of 40 patients of CHD with severe PH Was completed.According to whether the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV)>24 hours,patients were divided into two groups,early extubafion group(19 patients) and late extubation group(21 patients).Perioperative variables that might influence duration of MV were compared between the two groups.Multivariate statistical analysis with Logistic regression was used for these patients to analyze the perioperative variables to determine risk factors for prolonged MV (MV≥72 hours).Results Between the two groups,preoperative NYHA class,Pp/Ps at the time of coming off bypass,CPB duration,and CPB temperature were significantly different (P<0.05 or<0.01).Anofic spell (OR=0.022,95%CI0.001-0.580)and severe hypoxemia(OR=0.031,95%CI0.002-0.568)in the early postoperative period were the risk factors for prolonged MV.Conclusions The timing of extubation in these patients should be determined individually.Late extubation may fit those with advanced NYHA class,high Pp/Ps at the time of coming off bypass,prolonged CPB duration,or hypothermic cardiography and pulmonary artery catheter monitoring help to guide treatment for pwlonged MV.For else patients who with postoperative stable cardiopulmonary function,early extubation maybe feasible.