Objective Study and determine the suitable negative pressure condition for a negative pressure isolator. Method The filter efficiency, pressure, capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user were tested in different negative pressure conditions. Results The different negative pressure conditions influence above mentioned capabilities of the isolator considerably except for the filter efficiency Conclusion Under the conditions of -30Pa～-50Pa,those are optimized the capabilities of inner environment and physiological parameters of the user.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors and survival of patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors (BPC) after surgical treatment .Methods The clinical data of 87 patients undergoing surgery for BPC from Jan .2002 to Dec .2008 were reviewed retrospectively .Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of the patients .The risk factors such as age , gender ,smoking history ,histological type ,tumor size ,were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model .Results The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 85 .1% ,71 .3% and 63 .2% .Univariate analysis revealed that age (P=0 .016) ,smoking history(P=0 .007) ,histological type(P=0 .000) ,tumor stage(P= 0 .000) ,tumor size(P= 0 .006) lymph node metastasis(P=0 .000) ,surgery type (P= 0 .045) and postoperative chemotherapy (P= 0 .000) were prognostic factors .Multivariate analysis showed that histological type(P=0 .008) ,tumor stage(P=0 .000) ,lymph node metastasis(P=0 .033) were independent prognostic factor .Conclusion The survival rate of the BPC patient after surgical treatment is high ,histological type ,tumor stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors .

Objective: To investigate the mortality and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases and their trends among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the development of the chronic disease control strategy. Methods: The data regarding the mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 were captured from the Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Diseases Surveillance Information Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality by the sixth population census data in Zhejiang Province in 2010 and probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases were estimated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature death were analyzed in Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 6 436 deaths occurred due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020. The crude and standardized mortality rates were 183.33/105 and 152.88/105, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-1.099% and -2.926%, both P<0.05), and the probability of premature death reduced from 10.40% in 2005 to 6.78% in 2020, which appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-2.827%, P<0.05). The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-2.681%, -6.571% and -2.286%, all P<0.05), while no significant changing trend was seen in the probability of premature death due to chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-4.263%, P>0.05). The probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases reduced from 13.55% in 2005 to 9.36% in 2020 among male residents (AAPC=-2.150%, P<0.05), and reduced from 7.18% in 2005 to 4.22% in 2020 among female residents (AAPC=-4.149%, P<0.05). Conclusions The mortality and probability of premature death due to chronic diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, and there was a significant decline in the probability of premature death for malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.

Aim: To prepare novel aqueous polymer dispersions with high flexibility for sustained-release coating and investigate their properties. Methods: The aqueous polymer dispersions were synthesized by the emulsion polymerization. The physico-chemical properties and film-forming potential of the dispersions were investigated while the mechanical properties of the formed film and the drug release behavior when atenolol pellets were coated with the aqueous polymer dispersions were evaluated. Results: The prepared aqueous polymer dispersions (methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate, 1:2) were found to have proper physico-chemical properties, excellent film-forming capability and satisfying mechanical properties. It could form free film with high flexibility and low viscosity in low temperature even in absence of the plasticizer. Sustained release of atenolol pellets was achieved when the pellets were coated the polymer dispersions. 4-h and 8-h cumulative releases were more than 50% and 80%, respectively. There was no significant difference in release between pellets prior to and post compression of the coated pellets. Conclusion: The resulting aqueous polymer dispersions could be used as sustained-release coating material with high flexibility suitable for tableting.

Aim: To observe the effects of sarsasapogenin ( SAR) on osteoblasts and osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Methods: Colonal murine calvarial osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT,p-nitropheneye phosphate and tinctorial method of alizarin Bordeaux were used to investigate the effects of SAR on the proliferation, ALP expression, and mineralization tuberculation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mature osteoclasts were i-solated from the long bone of one-day rat. Meanwhile, marrow cells of mouse bone were cultured with induction of 1,25( OH)_2VitD_3. During the culturing of osteoclasts or marrow cells, SAR of different concentrations was added into the medium. The number of osteoclasts was recognized as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase( TRAP) ( +) multinucleate cells and the resorption lacuna on bone slice were examined with toluidine blue staining. Results: Comparing with the control group, SAR (0.01, 0. 1, 1μg/mL) significanthy increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). There was no significant difference in the expression of ALP in early pro-liferating MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to SAR of 0.01,0. 1, 1μg/mL, but in the differentiation phase MC3T3-E1 cells, SAR improved ALP activity very significantly if compared with the control group, of which SAR of 1 μg/mL had the most promotion effect(P <0. 01). In addition, compared to the control group, there were, to various ex-tents, increased in the number of mineral nodes in MC3T3-E1 cells after 15day incubation with SAR of different conentrations. Furthermore, no obvious effects of 0.01-1μg/mL SAR on mature osteoclast were observed. But typical osteoclasts were formed when marrow cells were cultured with the induction of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 in medium for 7 days while little or no osteoclasts were induced from marrow cells in the presence of SAR. Conclusion: The results suggest that SAR can effectively promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Besides, SAR can inhibit the generation of osteoclasts from marrow cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cholinesterase (ChE) on prognosis of elderly patients with pulmonary infection.Methods Sixty cases aged ≥ 65 years old with lung infection admitted to Departments of Infectious Diseases and Respiration of Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from March 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria of pulmonary infection and the severity score (PSI) of pneumonia, the patients were classified into three groups with different grades of infectious severity (PSI Ⅰ-Ⅲ, PSI Ⅳ, PSI Ⅴ groups), 20 cases in each group; in the same period, 20 elderly healthy people having accepted the physical examination in this hospital were designed as the healthy control group. Furthermore, according to the difference in prognosis, the patients were divided into a survival group (52 cases) and a death group (8 cases). The PSI scores, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), D-Dimer, CRP, BNP and ChE, mortalities, times of stay in hospital were compared between the PSI Ⅰ-Ⅲ, PSI Ⅳ, PSI Ⅴ groups and the healthy control group as well as between the survival and death groups.Results The periods of stay in hospital of patients with PSI Ⅳ and Ⅴ were much longer than that patients with PSI Ⅰ-Ⅲ (days: 14.7±2.1, 18.3±2.6 vs. 9.2±1.7, both P < 0.05), the degree of increase in time in the PSI Ⅴ group being the most significant. Before treatment, compared with the healthy control group, the PSI score, the levels of WBC, D-dimer, CRP and BNP were significantly increased, the level of ChE was markedly decreased in patients with PSI Ⅱ-Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups, and along with the rise of PSI score the changes were more remarkable [PSI score: 78.9±13.7, 117.4±20.2, 152.1±34.8 vs. 51.3±7.9; WBC (×109/L): 11.4±1.4, 13.6±1.9, 16.7±2.2 vs. 8.9±1.1; D-Dimer (μg/L): 779.6±46.1, 1 068.2±142.6, 1 846.2±215.0 vs.348.3±31.8; CRP (mg/L): 30.1±3.7, 58.2±6.7, 74.7±9.2 vs. 6.8±0.9; BNP (ng/L): 1 057.4±205.1, 1 976.7±333.7, 2 437.7±468.9 vs. 115.8±21.7; ChE (U/L): 6 260±826, 3 390±437, 1 861±268 vs. 7 804±904, allP < 0.05]. The mortalities of groups PSI Ⅳ and PSI Ⅴwere more than that in group PSI Ⅱ - Ⅲ [10.0% (2/20), 30.0% (6/20) vs. 0]; there was no statistically significant difference in age between the survival group and death group (P > 0.05). Compared with the survival group, the PSI score, the levels of WBC, D-dimer, CRP and BNP after treatment in death group were markedly higher [PSI score: 141.5±23.3 vs. 97.6±18.2; WBC (×109/L): 15.9±1.9 vs. 12.1±1.8; D-Dimer (μg/L): 1 373.9±179.4 vs. 627.4±69.6; CRP (mg/L): 69.8±9.8 vs. 42.6±7.3; BNP (ng/L): 2 745.6±374.9 vs. 1 022.2±171.3; allP < 0.05], the level of ChE was significantly lower (U/L: 2 569±309 vs. 5 692±777,P < 0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of CRP, BNP and ChE in aged patients with pulmonary infection are helpful to the early diagnosis of disease severity, so as they have guiding significance in predicting prognosis.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of extemal application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle for allergic rhinitis.Methods:All 328 cases were randomized into an observation group of 206 cases,Chinese medicine group of 70 cases and point application group of 52 cases.Results:The differences between the observation and Chinese medicine groups (P＜0.01) and between the observation and point application group (P＜0.05) were both of statistical meaning.The cases in the observation obtained the best effect,the point application group obtained a moderate effect and the Chinese medicine group obtained the least effect.A younger age and an increased number of treatments contributed to a better effect.Conclusion:External application of Chinese medicine following tapping using a plum-blossom needle is safe and effective for allergic rhinitis.

Skin temperature is relative to blood circulation. The temperature of transplanted skin is one of the most important indexes describing blood circulation after operation. This paper introduces a blood circulation monitor for transplanted skin, which monitors blood circulation through continuous testing of temperature.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation board (CPR Board) is an essential tool in emergency care, which can keep the patient's airway open and support the patient in the administration of CPR. This paper introduces the structure, performances and clinical trials of a CPR board.

Objective To analyze the correlation between postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and calculi composition following flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) lithotripsy.Methods The clinical data of 1 130 patients with kidney stones treated with f-URS lithotripsy in the department of urology surgery of our hospital from November 2013 to August 2016 were collected to analyze the correlation between postoperative SIRS occurrence and calculi composition.Results The compositions of urinary stones were mainly calcium oxalate monohydrate(67.7 ％),carbonate apatite (14.7 ％),anhydrous uric acid (6.4 ％),six magnesium ammonium phosphate (6.2 ％) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (3.2 ％).Only six magnesium ammonium phosphate was related to the development of SIRS(P＜0.01).Conclusion Six magnesium ammonium phosphate has a correlation with the development of SIRS following f-URS lithotripsy,and the results of stone compositions analysis can help to prevent the occurrence of SIRS after f-URS lithotripsy.