Aim: To prepare novel aqueous polymer dispersions with high flexibility for sustained-release coating and investigate their properties. Methods: The aqueous polymer dispersions were synthesized by the emulsion polymerization. The physico-chemical properties and film-forming potential of the dispersions were investigated while the mechanical properties of the formed film and the drug release behavior when atenolol pellets were coated with the aqueous polymer dispersions were evaluated. Results: The prepared aqueous polymer dispersions (methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate, 1:2) were found to have proper physico-chemical properties, excellent film-forming capability and satisfying mechanical properties. It could form free film with high flexibility and low viscosity in low temperature even in absence of the plasticizer. Sustained release of atenolol pellets was achieved when the pellets were coated the polymer dispersions. 4-h and 8-h cumulative releases were more than 50% and 80%, respectively. There was no significant difference in release between pellets prior to and post compression of the coated pellets. Conclusion: The resulting aqueous polymer dispersions could be used as sustained-release coating material with high flexibility suitable for tableting.

Objective To investigate the immunologic enhancement of Porphyra polysaccharide. Methods Porphyra polysaccharide in different dosages (0.025,0.050,0.150g?kg~(-1)) were injected intraperitoneally into the immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide for 7d. On day 8,the cytotoxic activity of NK cells,the levels of interferon-?(IFN-?)and nitric oxide (NO)in the cultured supernatants of spleen cells were determided. Results The cytotoxic activity of NK cell,the levels of IFN-? and NO produced by cultured spleen cells from the group of mice treated with 0.150g?kg~(-1) of Porphyra polysaccharide were higher than those from model group. Conclusion Porphyra polysaccharide could enhance immunological functions to a certain degree in immunosuppressive mice.

Objective To explore the short axial strain of left ventricle in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD)before and after the transcatheter closure by using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).Methods A total of 30 patients with ASD underwent echocardiography before and after the transcatheter closure.The procedure was performed to obtain the peak of circumferential strain(Sc)and radial stain(Sr)of left ventricle by 2D-STI.Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls.Results ①Compared with the control group,regional myocardial Sc of ASD group decreased(P <0.05).Sc of anterior septum (AS),anterior wall (AW),laterior wall (LW)and posterior wall (PW)increased (P <0.05)at 2-days after the transcatheter closure and those parameters were higher than control group.At the six-months after the transcatheter closure,those parameters reduced to the normal level (P <0.05).Sc of inferior wall (IW)and mid-posterior septum (MP-Sept)increased to the normal level at 2-days after the closure surgery (P <0.05).②Compared with control group,regional myocardial Sr of ASD group decreased(P <0.05 ) except PW,two-days after the transcatheter closure these parameters increased to the normal level.Sr of PW in ASD group increased compared with control group(P <0.05),and there were no statistical changes at 2-days after the transcatheter closure.Sr of PW in ASD decreased (P <0.05 )to normal level until 6-months after the transcatheter closure.③ Global circumferential strain (GCS)of left ventricular in ASD group were lower than control group (P <0.05 ).At two-days after undergoing transcatheter closure the GCS increased (P <0.05)and those parameters were higher than control group (P <0.05).Six-months after the transcatheter closure those parameters reduced to the normal level (P < 0.05 ).There were no statistical differences of left ventricular global radial strain (GRS)between control group and ASD group. However,the GRS of ASD group increased (P < 0.05 )and those parameters were higher than control group (P <0.05)after 2-days undergoing the transcatheter closure.At six-months after the transcatheter closure those parameters were reduced to normal level (P <0.05 ).Conclusions 2D-STI can quantitative evaluate left ventricular circumferential strain and radial strain in patients with ASD before and after the transcatheter closure.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of choledochoscopic gallbladder-preserving cholelithotomy (CGPC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the treatment of gallstones. MethodsThe databases of CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to CGPC and LC in the treatment of gallstones published up to June 2015. Data extraction and quality evaluation were performed for the literature included, and Review Manager 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis. ResultsFive RCTs involving 685 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that CGPC group and LC group had significant differences in operation time (OR=8.85, 95% CI: 049-17.21, P=0.04) and incidence of postoperative diarrhea (OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.53, P=0.000 4). However, no significant differences were seen between the two groups in intraoperative bleeding volume (OR=-12.37, 95% CI: -29.73-4.99, P=016), time to postoperative intestinal function recovery (OR=-7.19, 95% CI: -24.28-9.90, P=0.41), hospitalization days (OR=-0.17, 95% CI: -1.98-1.63, P=0.85), and hospital costs (OR=-1.14, 95% CI: -2.57-0.28, P=0.12). ConclusionThe operation time and incidence of postoperative diarrhea in CGPC are superior to those in LC, while no significant differences are observed in intraoperative bleeding volume, time to postoperative intestinal function recovery, hospitalization days, and hospital costs. Due to a limited number of articles included and publication bias, RCTs with a large sample size and high quality are needed to provide more effective data.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in 95% alcohol extract of Solanum lyratum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated and identified as: formononetin (1), vanillic acid (2), genistein (3), apigenin (4), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (5), N-p-coumaroyltyramine (6), daidzein (7), caffeic aicd (8), protocatechuic acid (9), daidzin (10), and N-trans-feruloyl-3-methyldopamine (11).

CONCLUSIONFor the first time, compound 11 was separated from Solanaceae plant, and compounds 5 and 10 were isolated from Solanum, and compounds 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Alcohols ; chemistry ; Amides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Solanum ; chemistry

Objective To discuss ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh)susceptibility and resistance change trend in Lanzhou recent years .Methods Detected and statistical analyzed the mycoplasma drug sensitivity level of urinary tract infection patients in urinary clinic with Mycoplasma culture sensitivity reagents from 2010 to 2014 .Results Mycoplasma to Josamycin ,Doxycycline and Clarithromycin were more sensitive .In the 12 kinds of antibacterial drugs ,we found the declining trend of Ofloxacin and Spectinomycin drug sensitivity rates ,and upward trend of Minocycline and Josamycin drug sensitivity rates .Con‐clusion Mycoplasma overall drug sensitivity rate has a gradually downward trend ,which indicating a poor drug resistance control . It′s important to strengthen the antibiotic drug surveillance and security management .

Aim To determine the effects of high-fat meal and ABCB1 C3435 T polymorphism on the phar-macokinetics of nifedipine in the healthy Chinese sub-jects. Methods A total of 90 unrelated healthy Han subjects were divided into two groups:fasting group ( n=45 ) and high-fat meal group ( n=45 ) and then they received a single oral dose of 90 mg extended release tablet. Multiple blood samples were collected after 48 h, and the plasma concentrations of nifedipine were determined by high performance liquid chromatogra-phy- mass spectrometry ( LC-MS ) . PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP ) analysis was performed to detect the C3435 T polymorphism in AB-CB1 gene. Results The numbers of individuals carry-ing C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes in fasting group were 13, 24 and 8, respectively. The mean area under the curve ( AUC0-∞) in subjects carrying T/T genotype distinctly increased by 46. 34% compared with subjects with C/C genotype, but there was no statistically sig-nificant difference (P=0. 066). In addition, pharma-cokinetic parameters including Tpeak, Cmax and AUC0-48 had statistically significant differences between fasting group and high-fat meal group ( all P<0. 05 ) . Con-clution High-fat meal can speed the absorption and increase the extent of nifedipine absorption; ABCB1 C3435 T polymorphism almost does not affect the phar-macokinetics of nifedipine.

Objective To assess the mid-term and long-term efficacy of the permanent inferior vena cava filter in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb and discuss the clinical significance of inferior vena cava filter.Methods Retrospectively analyze on the 86 cases with deep vein thrombosis of lower limb (41 males and 45 females,aged 50 to 94 years,mean age was 71.8 years) treated with implantation of permanent inferior vena cava filter in inferior vena cava from Janunary 2010 to October 2015.In these patients,there were 51 cases with embolism in the left leg,25 cases in the right leg,10 cases in both legs and 6 cases were accompanied with pulmonary embolism.The cases without contraindication underwent catheter directed thrombolysis and even percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or stents subsequently if necessary after inferior vena cava filter implantation.All the cases with no contraindication were treated with anticoagulant therapy.Results All the 86 patients were implanted inferior vena cava filter (B.Braun Vena Tech LP 76 and Cordis TrapEase 10)successfully.Sisty-five cases were underwent inferior wena cava filter implantation only,while 21 cases were treated with inferior vena cava filter implantation and catheter directed thrombolysis or even percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stents.During the follow-up period(12 to 81 months,mean time was 51 months),27 patients died dueing to malignant tumor(17 cases) and other diseases (10 cases) rather than complications caused by inferior vena cava filter.Three patients had recurrence of deep vein thrombosis and 2 patients suffered from the thrombosis induced by stenosis of stents.Inferior vena cava filter appered tilted with angle less than 15 degrees in 6 cases.Three cases suffered from new thrombosis below the filter and 2 cases complained of the filter migration.No case was found with fracture of filter,perforation of the inferior vena cava,bleeding or pulmonary embolism(new onset or recurrent).Conclusions Application of permanent inferior vena cava filter may cause complications,though it is an effective approach to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis of lower limb.However,permanent inferior vena cava filter may be fit for patients with old age,incurable cancer or limited expected life.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid of pcDNA 3.1-Ag85A-CD226, and to use it as DNA vaccine then further evaluate its immunogenicity through oral administration in a mouse model.Methods The CD226-PCR2.1-ToPo plasmid was used as the template to clone CD 226 gene by PCR.The CD226 gene was then inserted into pcDNA 3.1-Ag85A plasmid to construct the recombinant plas-mid of pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-CD226.After identified by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing , the re-combinant plasmid was transfected into HEK 293 cells by using lipofection .The expression of Ag85A-CD226 gene in HEK293 cells was detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay .The purified recombinant plasmid was used to prepare the Ag 85A-CD226 DNA vaccine by liposomal encapsula-tion.The vaccine was administered intragastrically to mice .The activities of NK cells , the cytokine levels in the supernatants of spleen cell cultures and the mRNA level of cytokines in the intestines were evaluated to analyze the immunogenicity of Ag85A-CD226 DNA vaccine.Results The Ag85A-CD226 DNA vaccine was prepared successfully .The expression of Ag85A-CD226 fusion protein was detected in HEK293 cells.The activities of NK cells from mice vaccinated with Ag 85A-CD226 DNA vaccine were higher than those from other control groups (P<0.01).The level of TNF-α, IFN-γand IL-2 in the supernatants of spleen cell cul-tures and in the intestines were significantly up-regulated in comparison with other control groups ( P <0.01).The level of IL-4 in the supernatants of spleen cell cultures was down-regulated in the experimental group (P<0.01), but the level of IL-4 in intestines showed no significant difference among the five groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The Ag85A-CD226 DNA vaccine could significantly enhance Th1 type immune responses systemically and in the intestine as in comparison with those vaccinated with single dose of Ag 85A DNA vaccine or CD226 DNA vaccine.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of precise and traditional liver resection in the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-seven patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones who were treated with surgery in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2014 were selected and divided into precise liver resection group (n=72) and traditional liver resection group (n=55) based on the type of surgery. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, postoperative time to recovery, postoperative complications (incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion), hospitalization cost, postoperative residual calculi, and postoperative calculus recurrence were compared between the two groups. Between-group comparison of continuous data was made by t test, and between-group comparison of categorical data was made by χ2 test. Survival data were analyzed using survival function. ResultsThere were significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of postoperative drainage, postoperative time to recovery, and hospitalization cost between the precise liver resection group and the traditional liver resection group (t=3.720, 58.681, 19.169, 5.990, and 6.944; all P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications including incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion between the two groups (all P＞0.05). There were also no significant differences in the incidence rates of postoperative residual calculi and calculus recurrence between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The survival analysis of postoperative calculus recurrence time showed that there was no significant difference in calculus recurrence time between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionCompared with traditional liver resection, precise liver resection has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative drainage, and faster recovery; however, precise liver resection raises hospitalization cost. Moreover, precise liver resection does not increase the risks of postoperative complications including incision infection, biliary fistula, lung infection, and pleural effusion; however, it does not reduce the incidence rates of postoperative residual calculi and calculus recurrence.