Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of argon plasma coagulation (APC)trans-choledochoscopy in biliary tract complications following liver transplantation. Methods All 27 patients underwent T-tube-choledochoscopy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscope (PTCS).APC was used to burn the hyperplasia of bile duct stenosis and then expended the stenosis with bougienage. The bile duct foreign bodies were burnt by APC and then eliminated. The granulation tissues of bile duct were burnt by APC after biopsied. The sutures of anastomoses were burnt by APC and then eliminated. Results In general, the therapeutic achievement ratio of stenosis of bile duct in 25 cases of 28 locations was 78. 6% (22/28). The clearance ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was 85. 7% (6/7). The elimination ratio of granulation tissues was 100% (5/5), the same as the elimination ratio of sutures of anastomoses. There were no treatment-related complications about APC. The recurrence ratio of bile duct stenosis was respectively 4.5% (1/22) and 13. 6% (3/22)after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. All the recurrent stenosis was non-anastomotic. The recurrence ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was respectively 16. 7% (1/6) and 33.3% (2/6) after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion APC trans-choledochoscopy in treatment of biliary anastomotic stenosis, mural foreign bodies, mural biliary cast, granulation tissues of bile duct and sutures of anastomoses following liver transplantion has a high success ratio and a sure long-term efficacy without treatment-related complications.

Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells.Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60±2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P＜0.01). In the 30intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P＜0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P＜0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (x2=4.68, P＜0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P＞0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P＜0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (x2=4.48, P＜0.05).The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P＜0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P＜0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90,P＜0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (x2=9.64, P＜0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases,AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles(BSANP) were prepared by desolvation method. The activated folic acid (N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of folic acid) was conjuated to the surface of BSANP via the amino groups. Then the folate-conjugated BSANPs (folate-BSANP) were purified with Sephadex G-50 column and completely separated from unreacted folic acid. After chymotryptic hydrolysis, the extent of folate conjugation on the BSANP was determined by quantitative ultraviolet(UV) spectrophotometric analysis. It was found that the spectrum of trypsin digest of folate-conjugate BSANP is basically identical with that of folate, thus indicating folate is successfully expressed on the surface of BSANP. The folate-BSANP was averagely 66 nm in diameter and was spherical in shape. Folate-conjugated BSANP was achieved, which represents a potential new drug carrier for tumor cell-selective targeting.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Carrier Proteins ; chemistry ; Cattle ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored ; Folic Acid ; chemistry ; Immunotoxins ; Microspheres ; Nanotechnology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the influence on the dissolution of tanshinone IIA (TS IIA) solid dispersions in complex carriers and single, which used in preparation of TS IIA solid dispersions, and further enhance the dissolution of TS IIA.

METHODThe TS IIA solid dispersions were prepared by solvent technique with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30), poloxamer188 (F68) and combination of PVPK30 and F68 as carriers, respectively. The physical characteristics of TS IIA solid dispersions was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dissolution rates were studied using small cup method (CHP XC III). The solubility of TS IIA with the solid dispersions and pure drug form were determined by HPLC method.

RESULTThe DSC analysis suggested that TS IIA was dispersed as an amorphous form in the combination of PVPK30 and F68. Dissolution profile of the prepared solid dispersions could be described by Weibull equation (R>0.99). For tested three carries, Td value (calculated time to 63.2% of total drug release according to Weibull equation) were (90.40 +/- 2.82) min, (204.5 +/- 8.20) min and (25.83 +/- 0.13) min, respectively. The PVPK30/F68-TS IIA solid dispersion resulted in a significant increase of TS IIA solubility compared with prepared PVPK30-TS IIA and F68-TS IIA solid dispersions (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONAs compared to single use of PVPK30 or F68, the combination of PVPK30 and F68 improve the dissolution rate and solubility of TS IIA significantly in the prepared solid dispersions (P<0.01). The application of complex carriers in solid dispersion technology should be paid more attention to improvement of poorly soluble drugs dissolution in the future.

The valaciclovir was used as the model drug, the bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-NP) were prepared by desolvation process. Glycyrrhizin (GL) was oxidized by sodium periodate to be conjugated to surface reactive amino groups (SRAG) of the VACV-BSA-NP. Gel filtration method combined with HPLC method verified that GL was covalent coupling to the surface of VACV-BSA-NP with mean 9 GL residues per albumin molecule. The mean diameter of the VACV-BSA-NP-GL was 268 +/- 23 nm, the drug loading was 1.35%, and embedding ratio was 68.76%. The characteristics of release in vitro were in accord with two-phase kinetics. The uptake amount of VACV-BSA-NP-GL by primary cultured rat hepatocytes in vitro was higher, compared to the control-VACV-BSA-NP. 69.89% and 64.82% of the VACV were concentrated in liver at 15 min after i.v. VACV-BSA-NP-GL and VACV-BSA-NP, respectively. There is a significant difference between surface-modified group and control group (P<0.10). VACV-BSA-NP-GL was successfully prepared, which is considered to be a novel drug delivery system for targeting to hepatocytes.
Acyclovir ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Microspheres ; Nanostructures ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Valine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

In order to investigate the effect of T-bet on malignant cells, we selected SGC-7901, a kind of human gastric carcinoma cell line, and used gene clone technique and adeno-associated virus (AAV) packing technology, thus obtaining a recombinant rAAV-eGFP-T-bet and T-bet gene-transfected SGC-7901 cells. Then the function of T-bet gene-infected SGC-7901 cells was researched by detecting the levels of IFN-gamma and T-bet production. The results showed: (1) It was verified that rAAV-T-bet's packing was completed; (2) After SGC-7901 cells was transfected by rAAV-eGFP-T-bet, a green fluorescence was found in about 30%-40% SGC-7901s, and the gene of 1670 bp (T-bet) and 388 bp (IFN-gamma) were generated from SGC-7901s cells; (3) The proteins of IFN-gamma and T-bet secreted by SGC-7901 cells were also detected. These reveal that SGC-7901 cell is efficiently infected by rAAV encoding T-bet, which can induce transfected cells to secret IFN-gamma. It may be useful in the researches on cancer immune therapy of transfecting T-bet gene.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection