Exercise of walking which is regarded as a popular aerobic exercise,is receiving increasing attention in recent years,especially for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.But the guidelines and recommendations are based on low evidence levels,lack enough evidence-based support,and cannot provide individual exercise prescription for more specific populations and specific indications.Thus we put forward the concept of quantitative walking exercise,and hope further studies on relationship between walking exercise and chronic diseases so as to develop appropriate exercise prescriptions for prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of serum lipids levels in young women with paraplegia in sedantary lifestyles.Methods 183 female paraplegics who admitted in China Rehabilitation Research Centre (CRRC) from Jan 2004 to Dec 2009 were investigated.Lipid profiles included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Results Female paraplegics showed higher mean TG and TC levels than mean levels of Chinese females (TG 1.44 mmol/L vs. 1.24 mmol/L; TC 4.45 mmol/L vs. 4.30 mmol/L). But no difference was found in HDL and LDL levels. TG, TC and LDL levels were correlated positively to age (r=0.158, P<0.05; r=0.271, P<0.01; r=0.207, P<0.01, respectively), but HDL showed no correlation to age. Prevalence of dislipidemia was 60%, including low HDL(33%), high TC(25%), high TG(24%), and high LDL(21%). Conclusion Lack of exercise may result in some dyslipidemia and increase cardiovascular risks in women who are under estrogen protection.

Objective To observe the protective effect of spironolactone on heart of hypertensive SD rats.Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,hypertensive group(HS group),low spironolactone dose group(HSL group)and high spironolactone dose group(HSH group).The animals except the control group were treated with L-NAME 50 mg/kg/d.Then the animals of the HS group were fed with 1% sodium chloride water solution.Those of the HSL and HSH groups were treated same but the former added with spironolactone 20 mg/kg/d,the later added with spironolactone 100 mg/kg/d.8 weeks late,the animals were killed and hearts were taken out to observe following items:myocardial cross-sectional area,ratio of per-arteriolar fibrous area/arteriolar luminal area of arterioles,ratio of collagen area/total myocardial area,myocardial necrosis and inflammation.Results The myocardial cross-sectional areas in the HS group were significantly more than those in other 3 groups(P<0.01).Collagen ratios of the HS group were significantly higher than others(P<0.01).The ratios of arteriolar wall area versus luminal area in the HS group were significantly higher than those of control and HSH groups(P<0.01).Myocardial injuries in the HS group were more severe than those of other 3 groups.There were no differences between HSL and HSH groups.Conclusion Spironolactone has protective effect on heart of hypertensive SD rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum creatinine(SCr) to monitor the renal function of patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods1298 SCI patients were investigated in Beijing Charity Hospital from January 2004 to May 2009. 249 healthy people were involved as control. The data of SCr were analysed.ResultsThe level of SCr for the SCI patients was (56.81±14.33) μmol/L with normal distribution, 95% CI was 28.73～84.89 μmol/L; The level of SCr for the healthy people was (75.98±11.34) μmol/L, 95% CI was 57.36～101.80 μmol/L. The level of SCr was significantly lower in the SCI patients comparing to the healthy people (P<0.01). Among the SCI patients, the level of SCr was (59.59±13.76) μmol/L for male while (46.41±11.31) μmol/L for female(P<0.05). There was no difference in level of SCr among different ages of the SCI patients(P>0.05). The characteristics were likely in the two groups. There was no difference in level of SCr between paraplegic (55.54±14.96) μmol/L and quadriplegic (57.67±13.83) μmol/L (P>0.05).ConclusionThe characteristics of level of SCr were likely in SCI patients and healthy people with normal distribution. The level of SCr was lower in SCI patients comparing to healthy people, which was higher for male SCI patients comparing to female SCI patients.

Objective:To investigate the recent and long-term efficacy and safety of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma and periampullary carcinoma.Methods:82 cases of pancreatic cancer combined with periampullary carcinoma patients admit ted in our hospital from August 2009 to June 2013 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group With 41 patients in each group.The control group received palliative surgical treatment,while the observation group underwent pancreatoduodenectomy.The operation time,hospitalization time,intraoperative bleeding volume and the incidence of complications,1,2,3-year survival rate and the recurrence rate at 1 year after operation and tumor eradication rate were compared between twp groups.Results:The amount of bleeding,operation time of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01),no signif icant difference was found in the hospitalization time between the two groups(P＞0.05);the incidence of complications in the observation group (41.46％) was significantly higher than the control group (22.96％)(P=0.03);the 2-year and 3-year survival rate of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05),the recurrence rate at 1 year after operation of observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.04),the tumor eradication rate was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group (P=0.04).Conclusion:Though pancreaticoduodenectomy could prolong the operation time,increase the risk of bleeding and complications for pancreatic head carcinoma and periampullary carcinoma,but it could effectively reduce the possibility of recurrence after operation,significantly improve the long-term survival rate.

Objective:To compare the effects between electroacupuncture (EA) at Chize (LU 5, the He-Sea point of the Lung Meridian) and Shangjuxu (ST 37, the lower He-Sea point of the large intestine) in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) on the variations of mesenteric microcirculation and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the colon, lung, and hypothalamus. The relative specificity of acupoints was also explored.
Methods: A total of 28 male Wistar rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group, a Chize (LU 5) group and a Shangjuxu (ST 37) group, 7 rats in each group. The UC model was established by enema with acetic acid. Since the third day after modeling, rats in the Chize (LU 5) group and Shangjuxu (ST 37) group respectively received EA at Chize (LU 5) and Shangjuxu (ST 37), 15 min each time for successive 7 d. The variations of mesenteric microvascular calibers and blood flow status were observed by a microcirculation microscopic tester; VIP in the colon, lung and hypothalamus was measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results:Compared with the normal group, the mesenteric microvascular calibers were significantly expanded in the model group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the model group and Chize (LU 5) group (P>0.05); compared with the model group and Chize (LU 5) group, the calibers were obviously shrunk in Shangjuxu (ST 37) group (P<0.05). The four groups showed no significant inter-group differences in comparing blood flow status (P>0.05). The colonic VIP levels in the model group and Chize (LU 5) group were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01,P<0.05); the VIP level in Shangjuxu (ST 37) group was markedly lower than that in the model group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences among the four groups in comparing VIP level in lung and hypothalamus (P>0.05).
Conclusion:The effects of Chize (LU 5) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) were different in treating UC. Shangjuxu (ST 37) showed a more significant efficacy in down-regulating VIP in the colon and regulating mesenteric microcirculation, while the effects of Chize (LU 5) were not obvious.

ObjectiveTo explore the arrhythmia happened in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). Methods61 patients with CSCI were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe overall incidence of sinus bradycardia was 26.2%, which was higher in the cases within 3 months (52.4%) than over (12.5%); and was higher in cases injured the cord above C5（46.2%）than lower (C6-8,11.4%). ConclusionThe risk of arrhythmia is still high in chronic phase, which still need to monitor.

Objective To investigate the relationship between daily physical activities determined by walking-steps and the obesity indices including body weight，Body Mass Index (BMI)，waist and hip circumference and their ratio in adults. Methods 125 individuals who participated in routine physical examinations of health were measured with body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference/ratio, daily physical activities determined by walking steps. Results For males, daily physical activities correlated negatively with body weight （r=-0.397，P＜0.01）, BMI （r=-0.499，P＜0.01）, waist circumference （r=-0.490, P＜0.01） and the ratio of waist vs. hip circumference （r=-0.478，P＜0.01）, whereas body weight（r=-0.342，P＜0.01）, BMI （r=-0.249，P＜0.05）, and hip circumference （r=-0.303，P＜0.05） for females. Daily walking-steps were significantly different among the groups of normal weight (11491±6100) steps/d, overweight (9314±5722) steps/d, and obesity (6141±2985) steps/d (P＜0.01). Conclusion Daily physical activities determined by walking steps correlated significantly with obesity indices.

Objective To investigate the relationship between daily walking-steps and serum lipids.Methods 120 individuals who participated in routine physical examinations of health were investigated, objective measurements included triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), and daily walking-steps were determined by pedometer.Results The daily walking-steps were correlated negatively to TG ( r=-0.351, P＜0.01), and positively to HDL ( r=0.284, P＜0.05) for male after adjustment for age.Conclusion Daily walking-steps determined by pedometer are correlated negatively to TG levels, and positively to HDL levels for male. No correlations are found between daily walking-steps and levels of TC, LDL for male. No correlations are found between daily walking-steps and serum lipids for female.

Objective To investigate the relationship between objectively determined daily physical activities and blood pressure levels in Chinese adults. Methods 125 individuals who participated in routine physical examinations of health were investigated, include systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and daily walking steps determined by pedometer. Results The daily walking steps correlated negatively with systolic pressure（Male r=－0.613, P＜0.01; Female r=－0.430, P＜0.01） and diastolic pressure (male r=－0.686, P＜0.01; female r=－0.388,P＜0.01). Daily walking steps of normotensive, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive groups were (18249±6066) step/d, (10395±3788) step/d, (6232±3967) step/d for males, and (12564±6927) step/d, (11458±5084) step/d, (6153±3569) step/d for females respectively （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The daily physical activity determined by walking steps correlated negatively with blood pressure in Chinese adults. Hypertensives often live in low active or sedentary lifestyle. Active lifestyle （≥10000 step/d） may help keep normal blood pressure for Chinese adults.