Objective To investigate the effect of doxapram on inhibition of medullary respiratory center excitability by sevoflurane in rats.Methods Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,aged 1-4 days,were used in this study.Isolated medulla oblongata-spinal cord specimens were made according to the method described by Suzue and perfused with the artificial cerebrospinal fluid saturated with 95％O2-5％CO2.The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =9 each):control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S) and sevoflurane + doxapram group (group S + D).Respiratory rhythmical discharge activity of the hypoglossal nerve rootlets was recorded using suction electrode.After 10 min of equilibration,the specimens were perfused with the artificial cerebrospinal fluid,5％ sevoflurane and the mixture of 5％ sevoflurane and 5 μmol/L doxapram for 10 min in groups C,S,and S + D respectively.The respiratory cycle,inspiratory time and integral amplitude of inspiratory discharge were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the respiratory cycle was significantly prolonged,the inspiratory time was significantly shortened,and the integral amplitude of inspiratory discharge was significantly decreased in group S (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group S + D (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group S,the respiratory cycle was significantly shortened,the inspiratory time was significantly prolonged,the integral amplitude of inspiratory discharge was significantly increased in group S + D ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Doxapram antagonizes sevoflurane-induced inhibition of excitability of medullary respiratory center in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of alprostadil on acute lung injury in septic rats. Methods Thirty adult male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), acute lung injury group ( group ALI) , and alprostadil group ( group Q) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1% pentobarbital sodium 5 ml∕100 g. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. In group Q, al?prostadil ( 10 μg∕2 ml) 2 ml∕kg was injected via the tail vein at 30 min before cecal ligation and puncture. The equal volume of normal saline was given in S and ALI groups. At 24 h after operation, blood samples were taken for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor?alpha ( TNF?α) and interleukin?6 ( IL?6) con?centrations by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. The animals were then sacrificed. The left lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination, and the right lungs were immediately removed for deter?mination of wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio ) , and expression of TNF?α mRNA and high mobility group box?1 ( HMGB1) using real?time reverse transcriptase?polymerase chain reaction. Results Com?pared with group S, the concentrations of serum TNF?α and IL?6 were significantly increased, and the ex?pression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was up?regulated, and W∕D ratio was increased in ALI and Q groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group ALI, the concentrations of serum TNF?αand IL?6 were signifi? cantly decreased, and the expression of TNF?α mRNA and HMGB1 mRNA was down?regulated, and W∕D ratio was decreased in group Q ( P<0?05) . The pathological changes of left lungs were significantly attenua?ted in group Q as compared with group ALI. Conclusion Alprostadil can reduce acute lung injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to down?regulation of HMGB1 expression and inhibition of inflam?matory responses.

The paper deeply analyses the cause of the oxygen supply tube's low pressure which results in the increase of the oxygen density at hyperbarica chamber during the hyperbaric oxygen therapy,and provides the corresponding solutions and preventive measures.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasonic ablation in patients with chronic deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities. Methods Fifty-six patients with chronic deep vein thrombosis resulting in total occlusion of iliac-femoral veins accepted intra-venous ultrasonic ablation. The time for ultrasonic ablation was 12-24 minutes with the mean being 18 minutes. After the procedure, anti-coagulation was performed through the retaining catheters and venous propeller was utilized for promoting blood reflow. Results Ultrasonic ablation easily created a channel within the occlusive iliac-femoral veins and achieved successful recanalization in 49 of 56 patients (87.5%). Five patients (8.9%) were partially re-canalized and 2 (3.6%) had no recanalization. Thirty-eight of the 49 re-canalized patients were followed up, including 22 with no stent placement showed 9 (40.9%) re-occlusion and 16 received stent placement, and 2 had (12.5%) re-occlusion. Conclusions Intravascular ultrasonic ablation is an effective therapeutic modality to recanalize chronic thrombosed occlusion of iliac-femoral veins and can lay down a foundation for further balloon-expansion or stent-placement with long term patency.

According to the experience of teaching the science of Chinese Medical Herbs Preparation,the author gives some advice such as choosing typical drugs,providing examples and setting up comprehensive and contriving experiments etc,which is worth referring to in teaching es-pecially for those who have less time in experiments.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data were searched for the period up to Oct. 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about inhaled corticosteroids for preventing CLD in preterm infants were collected. The RCTs had been screened, data were extracted and assessed. The mata-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Result A total of 12 RCTs were included (a total of 2051 preterm neonates). Compared with control group, in 28 day old group, the incidence of CLD was not significantly different between experimental and control groups (RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.74-1.03, P=0.11) and (RR=1.19, 95%CI:0.59-2.43, P=0.63) and no significant difference among subgroups budesonide (α), beclomethasone (β), fluticasone (γ) (RR=0.89, 95%CI:0.69-1.14, P=0.35), (RR=0.86, 95%CI:0.69-1.08, P=0.19) and (RR=0.91, 95%CI:0.60-1.38, P=0.19). In 36 wk postmenstrual age group,the incidence of CLD was decreased in experimental group and in subgroups inhalation (A), Intratracheal administration (B), α, γ (RR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.61-0.80, P<0.00001), (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.63-0.87, P=0.0003), (RR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.43-0.76, P=0.0002), (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.57-0.78, P<0.00001) and (RR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.36-0.94, P=0.03); but it is not significantly different in subgroup β(RR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.69-1.39, P=0.90); There was no difference in the motality in experimental and subgroups A ,B, α, β , γ (RR=1.07, 95%CI:0.86-1.33, P=0.55), (RR=1.24, 95%CI: 0.97-1.59, P=0.09), (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.43-1.03, P=0.07), (RR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.81-1.33, P=0.78), (RR=1.47, 95%CI: 0.79-2.74, P=0.22) and (RR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.47-1.74, P=0.77). No clinically significant adverse effects were observed during the study. Conclusions This updated review indicated that early administration of inhaled steroids to very low birth weight preterm neonates was effective in reducing the incidence of CLD. There was no statistically significant effect of inhaled steroids on motality, and there was no significant correlation between the mode of administration and the type of drug delivery, It is recommended to observe the 36 week gestational age as the outcome index. More and larger randomised placebo-controlled trials including long-term follow up are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of inhalation corticosteroids.

Objective: To observe the effect of edaravone combining ulinastatin on brain protection in patients of type A aortic dissection (AAD) after total arch replacement. Methods: A total of 60 AAD patients with total arch replacement in our hospital from 2014-09 to 2016-01 were prospectively studied. Based on peri-operative application of edaravone and ulinastatin, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EU group: 1) the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/8h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg/12h from administration to 3 days post-operation, 2) during cardiopulmonary bypass, the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/2h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg; Control group, the patients had no such treatment.n=30 in each group. The following items were observed:①operative condition;②blood levels of speciifc brain injury markers as S-100 and neuron speciifc enolase (NSE) at different time points: beginning of surgery (T0), opening aorta clamp (T1), right after cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), entering ICU (T3), 24h post-operation (T4) and 3 days post-operation (T5); ③post-operative condition. Results:①Durations of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (BACP), the frequency of BACP and UACP (unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion), the lowest rectal temperature and blood levels of S-100, NSE at T0 were similar between 2 groups.②Compared with Control group, EU group had decreased S-100 and NSE from T1 to T5,P<0.05.③The in-hospital and ventilation time, frequency of PND and TND, the patients with CSS score≥16 before discharge and the in-hospital death rate were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: Edaravone combining ulinastatin had brain protective effect in AAD patients after total arch replacement;it may reduce blood speciifc brain injury markers while the clinical signiifcance should be further investigated.

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty of the pseudo-ginsenoside GQ (PGQ) concentration in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS.Methods The whole process of PGQ determination by HPLC-MS/MS in human plasma was evaluated and the uncertainty caused by repeatability,weighing,standard solution preparation,biological sample preparation,extraction recovery process,recovery,instrument precision and calibration curve fitting were evaluated,respectively.The combined and expanded uncertainty values were both calculated.Results The expanded uncertainty values for low (15.16 ng·mL-1),medium (2 516.67 ng·mL-1) and high (3 902.00 ng·mL-1) levels of PGQ were 1.39,177.74 and 262.69 ng·mL-1,respectively (P =95 ％,k =2).Conclusion The uncertainty of the PGQ determination in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery,repeatabihty and sample preparation at low concentration,by sample preparation and recovery at medium and high concentration.

Objective:To evaluate the uncertainty in 6-methylthiopurine (6-MMP) determination by LC-MS/MS. Methods:The uncertainty sources during the whole process of 6-MMP determination were established and evaluated. The combined and expanded un-certainties were also calculated. Results:The expanded uncertainty at low (2 995 pmol) and high (140 900 pmol) concentration of 6-MMP was 275. 6 pmol and 11 396 pmol, respectively (P=95%, k=2). Conclusion: The uncertainty in 6-MMP determination by LC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery, matrix effect and sample preparation at low concentration, and by recovery and sample prep-aration at high concentration.

Objective To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide(ATO) on anti-dsDNA antibody and lymphocyte subsets proliferation in splenic cells of MRL/lpr mice.Methods MRL/lpr mice were divided into three groups: ATO group(0.4 mg/kg?d,ip),sodium chloride(NS) group(0.25 mL,ip),and cyclophosphamide(CTX) group(50 mg/kg?qw,ip).The control group consisted of 12 syngeneic normal C57/BL mice,which were sub-divided into ATO group(0.4 mg/kg?d,ip) and NS group(0.25 mL,ip).After two-month treatment,all mice were killed and their bodies and spleens were weighed.Anti-dsDNA antibody in serum were detected by ELISA.The percentage of different cell subsets was checked through flow cytometry.Results(1)The spleen index、serumlevel of anti-dsDNA antibody and the percentages of CD19+、CD3+、CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes in ATO group were much lower than those in NS group of MRL/lpr mice(P0.05). Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can inhibit the activation of T and B lymphocytes,increase the percentage of NK cell and reduce the serum level of auto-antibody.And it was of no effect in the normal mice.