Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data were searched for the period up to Oct. 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about inhaled corticosteroids for preventing CLD in preterm infants were collected. The RCTs had been screened, data were extracted and assessed. The mata-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Result A total of 12 RCTs were included (a total of 2051 preterm neonates). Compared with control group, in 28 day old group, the incidence of CLD was not significantly different between experimental and control groups (RR=0.87, 95%CI:0.74-1.03, P=0.11) and (RR=1.19, 95%CI:0.59-2.43, P=0.63) and no significant difference among subgroups budesonide (α), beclomethasone (β), fluticasone (γ) (RR=0.89, 95%CI:0.69-1.14, P=0.35), (RR=0.86, 95%CI:0.69-1.08, P=0.19) and (RR=0.91, 95%CI:0.60-1.38, P=0.19). In 36 wk postmenstrual age group,the incidence of CLD was decreased in experimental group and in subgroups inhalation (A), Intratracheal administration (B), α, γ (RR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.61-0.80, P<0.00001), (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.63-0.87, P=0.0003), (RR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.43-0.76, P=0.0002), (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.57-0.78, P<0.00001) and (RR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.36-0.94, P=0.03); but it is not significantly different in subgroup β(RR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.69-1.39, P=0.90); There was no difference in the motality in experimental and subgroups A ,B, α, β , γ (RR=1.07, 95%CI:0.86-1.33, P=0.55), (RR=1.24, 95%CI: 0.97-1.59, P=0.09), (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.43-1.03, P=0.07), (RR=1.04, 95%CI: 0.81-1.33, P=0.78), (RR=1.47, 95%CI: 0.79-2.74, P=0.22) and (RR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.47-1.74, P=0.77). No clinically significant adverse effects were observed during the study. Conclusions This updated review indicated that early administration of inhaled steroids to very low birth weight preterm neonates was effective in reducing the incidence of CLD. There was no statistically significant effect of inhaled steroids on motality, and there was no significant correlation between the mode of administration and the type of drug delivery, It is recommended to observe the 36 week gestational age as the outcome index. More and larger randomised placebo-controlled trials including long-term follow up are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of inhalation corticosteroids.

OBJECTIVETo determine Campylobacter contamination level and antimicrobial resistance patterns from chicken carcasses in supermarkets and farmer's markets of 9 districts in Beijing.

METHODSFrom August 2012 to July 2013, whole chicken carcasses (n = 240) were collected from 27 supermarkets and 18 farmer's markets of nine districts in Beijing. The level of Campylobacter contamination was enumerated by plate counting method using the modified Karmali and modified Preston agar. Presumptive Campylobacter isolates were identified and characterized by gram stain, agglumination test and a multiplex PCR method. The level of Campylobacter contamination was calculated following the USDA/FSIS Campylobacter enumeration method. Selected 151 Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of eight antimicrobials.

RESULTSA total of 26.3% (63/240) of the retail whole chicken carcasses were contaminated by Campylobacter and 151 Campylobacter isolates were recovered, including 85 Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 66 Campylobacter coli isolates. The P25, P50, P75 of Campylobacter contamination concentration were 7.5, 45.0 and 350.0 CFU/g, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance rate of C. jejuni and C. coli were as the following: azithromycin(AZI, 13% (11/85), 82% (54/85)), chloramphenicol (CHL, 33% (28/85), 42% (28/85)), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 95% (81/85), 100% (85/85)), doxycycline (DOX, 38% (32/85), 80% (53/85)), erythromycin (ERY, 12% (10/85), 82% (54/85)), gentamicin (GEN, 25% (21/85), 68% (45/85)), tetracycline (TET, 67% (57/85), 73% (62/85)), all isolates were susceptible to meropenem (MEP). The multi-drug resistance ratio of C. jejuni (55% (47/85) )was significantly lower than that (86% (57/66) )of C. coli (χ(2) = 16.70, P < 0.01). Among 151 Campylobacter isolates, 21 antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified, including 20 patterns among C. jejuni isolates and 10 patterns among C.coli isolates. Among C.jejuni isolates, CIP-DOX-TET was dominant (22% (19/85)), followed by CIP-TET (14% (12/85)), CHL-CIP-TET(9% (8/85)) and CHL-CIP-GEN (7% (6/85)). Among C.coli isolates,AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (35% (23/66)) was the dominant, followed by AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (21% (14/66) )and AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET(15% (10/66)).

CONCLUSIONOur findings showed a high prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter contamination in retail chicken carcasses of nine districts in Beijing, especially the on-site slaughtered chicken from the farmer's markets. The resistance levels of these recovered Campylobacter isolates were serious.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Campylobacter coli ; classification ; drug effects ; Campylobacter jejuni ; classification ; drug effects ; Chickens ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Food Microbiology ; Meat ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Objective To investigate the effect of gefitinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) , on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of endosteum-derived stem cells ( EDSCs ) in rats. Methods Femoral fracture models were established in healthy male 4-week old SD rats. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group was subjected to intragastric lavage with gefitinib, an EGFR signaling inhibitor ( 100 mg/kg·d ) while the control group to intragastric lavage with an isodose of methyl cellulose. Bilateral femurs and tibias were harvested one week after lavage for separation of EDSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) respectively using density gradient centrifuga-tion. After proliferative cloning in vitro, expression of the cell surface antigens ( CD29, CD34, CD44 and CD45) of the third passage cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Proliferation of the cells was detected by BrdU, cell cycle was measured by FCM, and expression of the genes related to cell cycle inhibitory factors (p15, p16, p21 and p27) was determined by PCR. ALP staining was performed 14 days after osteogenesis induction. After 21 days of chondrogenic induction, von Kossa staining was conducted. qRT-PCR of the mRNA obtained was used to detect expression of osteogenic differentiation of related genes ( osteocalcin, bsp, runx2 and osterix ). Results CD29 and CD44 were positively expressed while CD34 and CD45 negatively expressed in EDSCs and BMSCs. After the EGFR signaling pathway was blocked by gefitinib, BrdU detection found that gefitinib inhibited BMSCs ( 11.15%) much more than EDSCs ( 0.25%). Cell cycle detection showed that the volume of EDSCs was increased in phases G0/G1 and S but decreased significantly in phase G2-M. ALP staining showed that the increase of EDSCs ALP+ cells (53.31% ) was significantly higher than that of BMSCs (25.04% ) . The increased expression percentages of the genes related to cell cycle inhibitors in EDSCs (103.9%, 58.0%, 117.3% and 105.1%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in BMSCs (39.3%, 38.4%, 24.5% and 83.4%, respectively) ( P ＜0.05). The increased expression percentages of the genes related to osteogenic differentiation in EDSCs (247.0%, 289.9%, 66.1% and 233.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in BMSCs (106.5%, 186.4%, 41.7% and 190.8%, respectively). All the above differences were statistically significant ( P ＜0.05) . Conclusions Gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, can inhibit proliferation of EDSCs and BMSCs but promote their osteogenic differentiation. It inhibits proliferation of BMSCs more significantly as it promotes osteogenic differentiation of EDSCs.

Objective To observe the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal pathway inhibitor gefitinib on femoral fracture healing in rats.Methods Eighty SD rats were divided into experimental group (n =40) and control group (n =40) by random number table.An open femur fractured model was established by cutting the middle part of the femoral shaft and placing 1 mm Kirschner wire through medial and lateral femoral patella incision.Rats in the experimental group were given gefitinib (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1),an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway,and rats in the control group were given equal doses of methylcellulose.The X-ray examination was performed before femoral and serum specimens were collected at 1,2,3,4,and 6 weeks.Bone fracture healing was evaluated by Lane and Sandhu X ray scoring and biomechanical test.Then the tissue morphology was observed by HE staining,safranin fast green staining,and microCT detection.The bone volume (BV),bone volume fracture (BV/TV),trabecular number (Tb.N),trabecular thickness (Tb.Th),and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were measured by MicroCT.The levels of serum BALP,PINP,TRACP5b,and CTX were measured by Elisa.Results The X-ray scores of the experimental group (1.26 ±0.54,4.94 ± 1.16,and 8.23 ± 1.17) were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.91 ± 0.52,4.11 ± 1.18,and 7.08 ± 0.86) at 1,2 and 3 weeks after the fracture (P ＜ 0.05).The failure load of experimental group at 3 and 4 weeks after fracture [(38.65 ± 1.07) N,(63.63 ± 7.74)N] were significantly larger than those of the control group [(29.47 + 1.00)N,(45.42 + 3.26) N] (P ＜ 0.05).The callus formation in the experimental group was obvious and the healing process of the fracture was faster than that of the control group according to HE and safranin fast green staining.The results of microCT showed that in the experimental group,BV was significantly higher at 2 and 3 weeks after fracture [(59.30 ± 6.54) mm3 and (43.08 ± 2.33) mm3] than those in control group [(42.39 ± 7.82) mm3 and (33.43 ± 5.94) mm3];BV / TV at 2,3,and 4 weeks after fracture [(0.61 ±0.06)％,(0.55 ±0.05)％,and (0.53 ±0.04)％] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.48±0.07)％,(0.44±0.07)％,and (0.43±0.03)％];Tb.N at 2,3,and 4 weeks after fracture [(2.05 ± 0.11)/mm,(1.86 ± 0.18)/mm,and (2.034 ± 0.26)/mm] were significantly higher than those in control group [(1.63 ±0.21)/rmm,(1.32 ±0.21)/rmm,and (1.65 ± 0.08)/mm)];Tb.Th at 2,3,and 4 weeks after fracture [(0.33 ± 0.02) mm,(0.33 ± 0.03) mm,and (0.27 ± 0.02) mm] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(0.27 ±0.03)rmm,(0.28 ± 0.02)mm,and 0.23 ±0.01)mm];Tb.Sp at 3 weeks after fracture [(0.39 ±0.07)mm] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(0.30 ± 0.03) mm] (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum BALP in experimental group at 2 and 3 weeks after fracture [(2.57 ±0.14) ng/ml,(3.47 ±0.26) ng/ml] were significantly higher than those of control group [(2.07 ±0.19)ng/ml,(2.77 ±0.29)ng/ml];the PINP at 1,2,and 3 weeks after fracture in the experimental group [(2 216.50 ±96.68)pg/ml,(2 692.33 ± 136.76)pg/ml,and (3 196.75 ± 221.90)pg/ml] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(1 969.50 ± 89.34) pg/ml,(2 241.33 ± 107.86) pg/ml,and (2 603.25 ± 361.60) pg/ml];the levels of TRACP5b [(11.58 ± 0.47) ng/ml] and CTX [(8.02 ± 0.40) ng/ml] at 1 week after fracture were higher than those of the control group [(10.33 ± 0.53) ng/ml,(7.11 ± 0.36) ng/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gefitinib can promote the maturation of osteoblasts and the early reabsorption function of osteoclasts to induce bone formation in advance and accelerate the fracture healing.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of deltoid ligament rupture and explore the feasibility and shortterm clinical outcomes of targeted suture anchor repair technique according to the rupture site.Methods From May 2011 to October 2014,19 cases of complete deltoid ligament rupture (17 males and 2 females) were recruited in this study,with an average age of 34.15± 1.23 years (ranged from 15 to 60 years).According to Lauge-Hansen classification,there were 7 cases of pronation external rotation grade ⅣV injury,including 3 cases of Maisonnuve fracture;1 case of pronation abduction type Ⅲ degree injury,1 case of pronation abduction grade ⅣV injury;and 10 cases of supination external rotation grade ⅣV injury.According to AO / OTA classification,there were 9 cases of 43B type injury and 10 cases of 43C type injury.According to the rupture site of deltoid ligament,the targeted suture anchor repair surgery was operated respectively.Early mobilization with the help of hinged ankle brace was encouraged.The evaluation at last follow-up was based on the American Orthopedic and Ankle Association (AOFAS) criteria of ankle and hindfoot,and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scoring system.Results Nineteen patients were all followed up for 24 to 48 months,with an average of 30.42±5.11 months.Fourteen cases (73.7％,14/19) with talus end avulsion were treated by double suture anchor in the talus,with continuous locking suture of the avulsed end.Four cases (21.1％,4/19) with middle part rupture were treated by double suture anchor in the talus,with the sutures crossing three bone tunnels at the medial malleolus.One case (5.3％,1/19) with medial malleolus end avulsion was treated by single suture anchor at the medial malleolus,with continuous locking suture of the avulsed end.At the last follow-up,the AOFAS score was ranged from 70 points to 96 points,with an average of 90.53 points,and excellent in 16 cases,good in 2 cases,fair in 1 case,excellent and good rate was 94.7％.The VAS score was ranged from 0 to 2 points,with an average of 0.42 point.No wide medical clear space was detected.But traumatic arthritis was happened in 2 patients.Conclusion The targeted suture anchor repair technique according to the rupture site was a save technique in treating deltoid ligament rupture,which is conducive to early postoperative functional exercise,with excellent short-term clinical outcomes and few complications.

[摘 要] 目的：探究SOX9通过上调长链非编码RNA LINC01503的表达对喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及肿瘤干细胞干性的影响。方法： 常规培养人LSCC细胞AMC-HN-8、TU177、TU212和TU686，用转染试剂将敲减序列及其对照核酸（si-SOX9-NC、si-SOX9#1、 si-SOX9#2、si-LINC01503-NC、si-LINC01503#1、si-LINC01503#2）或过表达质粒及其对照核酸（pcDNA3.1-SOX-NC、pcDNA3.1-SOX-oe、pcDNA3.1-LIN01503-NC和pcDNA3.1-LIN01503-oe）分别转染至TU177细胞或TU686细胞，记为si-SOX9-NC组、si-SOX9#1组、si-SOX9#2组、si-LINC01503-NC组、si-LINC01503#1组、si-LINC01503#2组；pcDNA3.1-SOX9-NC组、pcDNA3.1-SOX9-oe组、pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-NC组、pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-oe组、si-SOX9-NC + pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-NC组和si-SOX9 + pcDNA3.1-LINC01503-oe组。qPCR法检测SOX9 mRNA和LINC01503 在各组细胞中的表达，生物信息学分析SOX9与LINC0503启动子区的结合位点，双萤光素酶报告基因实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验验证SOX9与LINC01503启动子区是否直接结合，WB法检测SOX9的敲减效率及LINC01503对TU177和TU686细胞干性标志物表达的影响，MTS法检测各组细胞的增殖活力，划痕愈合和Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞的迁移能力，克隆形成实验检测各组细胞的克隆形成能力。结果：SOX9在各种LSCC细胞中呈高表达（均P < 0.05），数据库数据分析显示，在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中，SOX9与LINC01503表达呈正相关（R = 0.12，P = 0.005 9）；SOX9可与LINC01503启动子区直接结合并促进其转录表达（均P < 0.05）；敲减LINC01503可明显抑制TU177细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭（均P < 0.05），过表达LINC01503明显促进TU686细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的能力（均P < 0.05），提高TU686细胞克隆形成能力和细胞干性标志物分子CD133、OCT4、SOX2的mRNA和蛋白水平表达（均P < 0.05），敲减LINC01503则均可抑制TU686细胞的克隆形成和细胞干性标志物的表达（均P < 0.05）；敲减SOX9均可明显抑制TU177细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力，降低其干性细胞标志物的表达（均P < 0.05），同时过表达LINC01503则可部分逆转敲减SOX9对TU177细胞恶性生物学行为和干性标志物表达的抑制作用（均P < 0.05）。结论：SOX9和LINC01503在LSCC细胞中呈高表达，SOX9可能通过上调LINC01503表达提高LSCC细胞增殖、转移和侵袭能力和肿瘤干细胞干性。