Through searching literature about cytochrome P450 from PubMed, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang database in the recent 10 years, this article concluded, summarized and analyzed vivo and vitro research methods of cytochrome P450 to provide references for the study on TCM cytochrome P450 enzyme.

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of contents of schisandrin B, schisantherin A, lobetyolin and ruscogenin in Huangqi Shengmai Decoction with HPLC method. Methods The chromatographic column was an Agilent Eclipse C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) that was maintained at a constant temperature of 30 ℃. The mobile phase was 0.1% acetic acid solution-acetonitrile, with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection was at wavelength of 280 nm. Results The standard curves of schisandrin B, schisantherin A, lobetyolin and ruscogenin had good linearity in the ranges of 0.862 5-21.562 5μg (r 2=0.999 1), 0.737 5-18.437 5μg (r 2=0.999 4), 0.095 2-2.380 0 μg (r 2=0.999 6), and 0.810 0-20.250 0 μg (r 2=0.999 0), respectively. The average recoveries of the four components were 98.06%(RSD=1.64%), 99.61%(RSD=2.72%), 97.98%(RSD=1.45%), and 99.30%(RSD=1.25%), respectively. Conclusion This method is accurate, rapid and specific, achieving the stable results with high reproducibility.

Objective To monitor and compare the breathing mechanics on PC,VC and PRVC during pneumoperitoneum,and to discuss the significance of the clinic use of PRVC.Method Ninety laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients were equally divided into 3 groups (PC,VC,PRVC).Levels of PES,PAWM,PAP,PaCO2,ETCO2,TV MAP and HR were detected before pneumoperitoneum,and at 5,10,15 and 20 minutes postpneumoperitoneum.Results Pneumoperitoneum made three respiratory patterns with different levels of PAWM,PAP,and PES.PES post-pneumoperitoneum in the VC model was obviously higher than that in the PC and PRVC group.At 10 min post-pneumoperitoneum,levels of PaCO2 and ETCO2 increased obviously in the PC and VC group(P ＜ 0.05).Levels of PaCO2 and ETCO2 were increased in the PC group,but TV level post-pneumoperitoneum was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Level of PaCO2 and ETCO2 were increased in the PC and VC group post-pneumoperitoneum,along with increases of MAP and HR (P ＜ 0.05).Levels of MAP and HR in the PRVC group post-pneumoperitoneum were significantly lower than those in the PC and VC group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PRVC mode can effectively reduce the increases of pneumoperitoneum-induced PAWM,PAP,PES,without the unusual increase of PaCO2 and ETCO2 during surgeries,contributing to the stability of vital signs of perioperative patients.

This study was aimed to observe the protective effect of extract from Rhizoma A nemones Raddeanae (RAR) on hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum in rats. A total of 68 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, which were the normal group, model group, RAR group, extraction of RAR (EXRAR) group, Fu-Zheng Hua-Y u(FZHY) group. Each rat was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5~0.6 ml of porcine serum twice a week for 15 suc-cessive weeks to establish liver fibrosis model. Intragastric administration was given after the model was successfully established. The FZHY group was given FZHY capsule (0.525 g·kg-1). The RAR group was given RAR decoction (0.7 g·kg-1). The EXRAR group was given EXRAR (0.071 g·kg-1). The model group and normal group were given e-qual amount of physiological saline. The medication was given once a day. And the treatment course was 8 weeks. At the end of the 23th week, rats were sacrificed. Contents of SOD and MDA in blood serum were assayed. The protein expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in liver tissues were detected by SABC. The results showed that compared with the model group, content of MDA decreased in the EXRAR group, RAR group and FZHY group (P<0.05), and content of SOD increased obviously (P<0.05). In the model group, expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 increased, with dark brown dyeing and diffusion area. Expression area and strength of the FZHY group, RAR group, and EXRAR group were ob-viously weak with tasteless interval dyeing and no formation of typical pseudolobule in comparison with the model group. The color rendering index showed that compared with the model group, the protein expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 decreased obviously in liver tissues of the FZHY group, EXRAR group, and RAR group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that RAR and its extract had a good antifibrosis effect. And the EXRAR had basically the same antifibrosis effect as RAR. It was assumed that the possible mechanism was related with the inhibiting of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the expression of TGF-β1 as well as the resisting of lipid peroxidation.

Objective: To explore the association between hypothyroidism and sleep breathing disorders in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 784 patients with CHD were consecutively enrolled at the Emergency & Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 2015 to May 2017. According to thyroid function test results, patients were divided into hypothyroidism group (79 cases) and non-hypothyroidism group (705 cases). All patients had undergone sleep monitoring. The sleep apnea status was compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models were used to analyze the association between hypothyroidism and sleep breathing disorders in patients with CHD. Results: The proportion of females, mean body weight and body mass index in the hypothyroidism group were higher than those in the non-hypothyroidism group [26.6% vs.16.2%, (78.6±11.6) kg vs. (75.7±12.0) kg, (27.7±3.2) kg/m² vs. (26.6±3.5) kg/m², all P<0.05]. Patients in hypothyroidism group had a decreased average oxygen saturation (SaO₂) compared with patients in non-hypothyroidism group [ (93.2±2.9) % vs. (93.9±2.0) %, P=0.030]. In addition, events of hypoventilation in hypothyroidism group were significantly higher than those in non-hypothyroidism group[92.5 (45.8, 758.3) times vs. 68.0 (33.0, 125.0) times, P=0.013]. There were no significant differences in apnea hypopnea index, diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep breathing parameters between the two groups (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis found that in patients with CHD, the correlation between hypothyroidism and average sleep SaO₂ was significant (β=-0.508, 95%CI -0.989--0.026, P=0.039). Conclusions: CHD patients with hypothyroidism had a lower sleep average SaO₂, and a higher sleep hypopnea events. There is a correlation between hypothyroidism and sleep hypoxia in patients with CHD. Clinical trial registration clinicalTrials.gov, NCT03362385.

Objective: To investigate the impact of moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We prospectively selected patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were hospitalized at the Emergency Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 2015 to May 2017. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were examined with portable sleep respiration monitoring. Patients were divided into moderate/severe OSA group (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥15 beats/hour) and no/mild OSA group (AHI<15 beats/hour) according to sleep AHI. The incidence of major adverse cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after discharge was compared between the two groups, and the independent risk factors of MACCE were analyzed. Results: A total of 432 patients were enrolled in this study, including 211 moderate/severe OSA patients (48.8%). Compared with no/mild OSA group,patients with moderate/severe OSA had higher body mass index ((27.17±3.22) kg/m² vs. (25.55±3.44) kg/m², t=-5.033,P<0.001), higher proportion of history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (18.5%(39/211) vs. 8.6%(19/221), χ²=9.076,P=0.003), and higher proportion of 3-vessel disease (31.3%(66/211) vs. 24.9%(55/221), χ²=10.196,P=0.017). The median follow-up time was 1.0 (0.7, 1.7) years. The incidence of MACCE in the moderate/severe OSA and no/mild group was 19.9%(42/211) and 11.3%(25/221), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher cumulative risk of MACCE in patients with moderate/severe OSA (log-rank test,χ²=5.467, P=0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that moderate/severe OSA (HR=1.915, 95%CI 1.016-3.611, P=0.045) and diabetes mellitus (HR=1.819, 95%CI 1.022-3.238, P=0.042) were independent risk factors for MACCE at 1 year post discharge in patients with AMI. Conclusions: Nearly half of AMI patients are complicated with moderate/severe OSA in this patient cohort. Coronary artery disease is more severe in AMI patients complicating with moderate/severe OSA. Moderate/severe OSA is an independent risk factor for MACCE at 1 year after discharge in patients with AMI. Whether the prognosis of AMI can be improved by intervention of OSA remains to be investigated. Trial Registration Clinical Trial.gov, NCT03362385.

Objective To examine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS),and to evaluate the relationship of OSA with inflammatory biomarkers in ACS patients.Methods Patients with ACS treated at Beijing Anzhen Hopital from June 2015 to May 2017 were enrolled.Subjects were evaluated for OSA by sleep study,and were divided into a normal-mild OSA group (Apnea Hypopnea Index,AHI ＜ 15 times/h) and a moderate-severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 15 times/h).Laboratory examination and sleep study were monitored to analyze the effects of OSA on biomarkers by LSD-t test,Mann-whitney U test,or Chi-square test.Correlation analysis was performed to analyze the association of OSA with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by Spearman correlation anaylsis.Results A cohort of 836 patients with ACS were enrolled including 408 patients in the normal-mild OSA group and 428 patients in the moderate-severe OSA group.The levels of leukocyte(x 109L) [7.78 (6.33,9.86) vs 7.29 (6.01,9.16),P=0.006],neutrophils(× 109L) [5.05 (3.84,7.23)vs 4.80 (3.74,6.66),P=0.044],monocytes(x 109L) [0.42 (0.33,0.54) vs 0.39 (0.31,0.51),P=0.033],hsCRP(mg/L) [3.18 (1.10,11.52) vs 1.78 (0.65,6.46),P＜0.01],fibrinogen(g/L) [3.17 (2.87,3.74) vs 2.97 (2.59,3.50),P=0.002],and uric acid(μmol/L) [360 (302,422) vs 341(283,407),P=0.006] in the moderatesevere OSA group were significant higher than those in the normal-mild OSA group.AHI (correlation coefficient=0.171,R2=0.020,P＜0.01),ODI (correlation coefficient =0.201,R2=0.027,P＜0.01),and TSaO2 ＜ 90％ (correlation coefficient =0.105,R2=0.005,P＜0.01) were positively correlated with hs-CRP;minimal SaO2 (correlation coefficient=-0.100,R2=0.001,P=0.008) and mean SaO2 (correlation coefficient =-0.127,R2=0.006,P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with hs-CRP.Conclusions For patients with ACS,the level of inflammatory markers in the moderate-severe OSA group is significantly higher than that in the normal-mild OSA group.Hs-CRP is significantly associated with the severity of OSA.Diagnosis and monitoring of OSA should be considered in ACS management in the future.

Through reviewing ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma（AR） has been conducted to verify the name， origin， changes in production areas， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas containing AR. Through the herbal textual research， AR was first published in Shennong Bencaojing， and has been used as the proper name for this herb for generations， and the mainstream source of AR used for generations is the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The high-quality production areas that have been revered throughout the ages are Hebei， Shanxi， Shaanxi， Inner Mongolia and Fangshan district of Beijing， etc. In recent times， AR produced in Yixian county of Hebei province（Xiling Zhimu）， is better known and is regarded as a very good source. At present， cultivated AR is mainly produced in Yixian county and Anguo of Hebei province， Bozhou of Anhui province and other places. The medicinal parts of AR in ancient and modern times are all rhizomes， and the quality is better if it has thick flesh， hard wood， yellow outer color and white section color. The harvesting time recorded in ancient medical books is usually in lunar February and August， with exposure to dryness， while modern harvesting is spring and autumn. The processing methods of the past dynasties were mainly to remove the hair when using， avoid iron when cutting， process with wine or salt water， while the two main specifications in modern times are raw and salted products. Based on the systematic research， it is recommended that the dried rhizome of A. asphodeloides in the famous classical formulas be used for AR. If the original formula specifies processing requirements， it should be operated according to the requirements， if the processing requirements are not indicated， the raw products can be used as medicine.