72h), the average deviations are over 15 hours. The average deviations of Equation 2 are almost all above 10 hours. The average deviations of Equation 3 are the lowest of the three.Conclusion The [K~+] and [Mg~(2+)] in the vitreous humor rises while the PMI extends. There are correlations between the concentration of K~+ and Mg~(2+) in the vitreous humor and the PMI. For the estimation of PMI, we suggest that the equation with R2 lower than 0.98, or with high average deviations should not be used. It seems that multiple regression equation could increase the accuracy of PMI estimation.

Objective To investigate the characterristics of distally based sural flap for the leg reconstruction.Methods Twenty-one patients with soft tissue defects in the instep,heel,ankle and distall one third anterior tibial region were analyzed.Results All flaps survived and healed with the affected area.Conclusion Distally based sural flap was reliable flap without sacrifice of major arteries.It can be used reliably for instep,heel,ankle and distal one third anterior tibial region.

In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups: ICAM-1 group (divided into 3 subgroups, I, II and III) for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 microg/microL) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A (divided into 2 subgroups, I and II) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B (divided into 2 subgroups, I and II) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 microL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group: ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 muL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with "spoked-wheel" pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group (P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference among the 3 subgroups (P>0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup II was lower than that in control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of the microvessels around the sponges between subgroup I and control group (P>0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control group. New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups (P<0.05). It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.

The objective of this study was to examine the inpatient bed (IB) allocation equity and utilization in Chinese city community health service centers (CHSCs). The data were derived from the Baseline Survey of National City Community Health Service System Building Project, which was conducted in 1917 CHSCs in 28 cities in 2007. The IB allocation was analyzed in terms of IB allocation quantity and distribution equity, and the IB utilization was analyzed by the IB utilization rate and average length of stay of the CHSC inpatients. The results showed that 49.3% of the CHSCs were equipped with IB; averagely, there were 45 IBs per CHSC, 0.94 IBs per 1000 people, and 0.38 nurses and 0.57 doctors per IB; the IB Gini coefficient was 0.32; the IB utilization rate was 40.06%; and the average length of stay of inpatients was 12.24 days. The conclusions were that IB allocation among the population was equitable, but the number of nurse per IB was not up to the national standard; and the CHSC IB utilization was low as a whole, thus inpatient service was not the main health service for Chinese CHSCs.

To explore the causes of the postoperative complications of the penile elongation and the measures to prevent them in order to raise the success rate of the penile elongation. 1,000 patients who had received the penile elongation were reviewed and analyzed for the causes of postoperative complications, and the measures of prevention and treatment were discussed. Our results showed that, of the 1,000 cases, 64 had the postoperative complications, including 20 cases of edema of prepuce, 15 cases of flap necrosis, 12 hematoma, 9 infections, and 8 cases of fat and clumsy penis. It is concluded that correct operative manipulation, strict aseptic measures and necessary postoperative care and management could avoid or reduce the postoperative complications. When complications happened, a satisfactory result can be achieved with timely and correct treatment in the majority of the patients.
Edema/etiology ; Edema/prevention & control ; Hematoma/prevention & control ; Penis/*abnormalities ; Penis/injuries ; Penis/*surgery ; Postoperative Complications/*prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/therapy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Surgical Wound Infection/etiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male/methods

Objective To evaluate the standardization of Meta-analyses on nephropathy published in Chinese journals.Methods By searching in WANFANG,VIP,CNKI databases and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM) as well as related Chinese journals,eligible Meta-analyses were enrolled and analyzed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement and the MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Checklist.Results A total of 217 Meta-analyses were enrolled with 166 on randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 51 on observational studies.Based on the PRSIMA Statement,of the 166 Meta-analyses on RCT,51.8％(86 papers) were found with the complete research hypothesis,13.9％ (23) with the literature screening flow chart,15.7％ (26) with the subgroup analysis,53.0％ (88) with the publication bias analysis and 28.3％ (47) with the sensitivity analysis.According to the MOOSE Checklist,of the 51 Meta-analyses on observational studies,only 9.8％ (5) had done the statistical stability calculation,54.9％ (28) with the outlook of application,45.1％ (23) with the limitation of the study,2.0％ (1) with the quantitative analysis on potential bias and 17.6％ (9) with the suggestion for future studies.Conclusions Unclear hypothesis,limited methodological description,lack of in-depth analysis on heterogeneity and bias are the common defects in Meta-analyses published in Chinese journals on nephrology.

In order to investigate the angiogenic effect of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), two parts of experiment were performed. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used for in vivo angiogenic research. The chick embryos were divided into 4 groups: ICAM-1 group (divided into 3 subgroups, Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) for screening the angiogenic effect of ICAM-1 by adding different concentrations of ICAM-1 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/μL) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup; Anti-ICAM-1 group A (divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 10 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate the effect of ICAM-1 on the survival of microvessels through observing whether Anti-ICAM-1 could induce involution of the microvessels on CAMs; Anti-ICAM-1 group B (divided into 2 subgroups, Ⅰ and Ⅱ ) by adding different concentrations of Anti-ICAM-1 (1:100, 1:50) 5 μL into the chick embryo CAMs on the day 6 after incubation for every subgroup to evaluate whether ICAM-1 involved in embryonic angiogenesis through observing the growth of microvessels on CAMs; Control group: ICAM-1 or Anti-ICAM-1 was substituted by PBS 5 μL on the day 10 or day 6 after incubation. Three days later, the CAMs were photographed in vivo, excised, sectioned and the number of microvessels was counted. In ICAM-1 group, there was increased number of microvessels arranged radially with "spoked-wheel" pattern around the gelatin sponges. The new microvessels growing perpendicularly to gelatin sponges were observed. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in 3 subgroups was higher than that in control group (P＜0.01), however, there was no significant difference among the 3 subgroups (P＞0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group A, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of ICAM-1 group. Few new microvessels were detected in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in subgroup Ⅱ was lower than that in control group (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of the microvessels around the sponges between subgroup Ⅰ and control group (P＞0.05). In anti-ICAM-1 group B, the radially arranged microvessels were very unclear around the sponges contrast to that of control group. New microvessels were very scarce in the center of the sponges. The number of the microvessels growing in the CAM mesenchymes around the sponges in the 2 subgroups were less than that in control group (P＜0.01), and there was significant difference between the 2 subgroups (P＜0.05). It was suggested that ICAM-1 could induce angiogenesis and support the survival of microvessels, and ICAM-1 was involved in embryonic angiogenesis.

To explore the causes of the postoperative complications of the penile elongation and the measures to prevent them in order to raise the success rate of the penile elongation. 1,000 patients who had received the penile elongation were reviewed and analyzed for the causes of postoperative complications, and the measures of prevention and treatment were discussed. Our results showed that, of the 1,000 cases, 64 had the postoperative complications, including 20 cases of edema of prepuce, 15 cases of flap necrosis, 12 hematoma, 9 infections, and 8 cases of fat and clumsy penis. It is concluded that correct operative manipulation, strict aseptic measures and necessary postoperative care and management could avoid or reduce the postoperative complications. When complications happened, a satisfactory result can be achieved with timely and correct treatment in the majority of the patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Edema ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Hematoma ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; abnormalities ; injuries ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods

The objective of this study was to examine the inpatient bed(IB)allocation equity and utilization in Chinese city community health service centers(CHSCs).The data were derived from the Baseline Survey of National City Community Health Service System Building Project,which was conducted in 1917 CHSCs in 28 cities in 2007.The IB allocation was analyzed in terms of IB allocation quantity and distribution equity,and the IB utilization was analyzed by the IB utilization rate and average length of stay of the CHSC inpatients.The results showed that 49.3% of the CHSCs were equipped with IB; averagely,there were 45 IBs per CHSC,0.94 IBs per 1000 people,and 0.38 nurses and 0.57 doctors per IB; the IB Gini coefficient was 0.32; the IB utilization rate was 40.06%; and the average length of stay of inpatients was 12.24 days.The conclusions were that IB allocation among the population was equitable,but the number of nurse per IB was not up to the national standard; and the CHSC IB utilization was low as a whole,thus inpatient service was not the main health service for Chinese CHSCs.