AIM To investigate the pharmacokinetic characters of saikosaponin d in Wuling Capsules in mouse. METHODS Wuling Capsules were given by irrigated (ig) administered to mouse, the blood plasma was collected at different time and the sample solution was prepared by extract adding amine sulfate and the mix fluid of acetonitrile-methyl alcohol (4∶ 1), the content of saikosaponin d was detected by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameter was fitted by SIP7 software. RESULTS After ig administered the Wuling Capsules (5.5 g/kg) to mouse, the blood plasma concentration-time course fitted well to one compartment model with the 1st order absorption. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the first absoption in mouse was as following: Ka=2.34_ 1/h ,Ke=0.08_ 1/h ,T_ max =1.45_h,C_ max =83.81_ ?g/ml ,T_ 1/2Ke =7.9 h; and that of the second absorption was as following Ka=1.32_ 1/h ,Ke=0.08_ 1/h ,T_ max =6.48h,C_ Max =119.63_ ?g/ml , T_ 1/2 Ke =7.76 h. CONCLUSION The boipharmaceutics characters of saikosaponin d of Wuling Capsules were absorption slow and elimination was also slow.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Wuling capsules on the activities of IL-2 and IL -6 in healthy mice and mice with immunological liver damage .METHODSBALB/C mice were treated with LPS(experimental group)or were not treated (control group) .12 days after giving Wuling capsule ig, the suspension of spleen cells of mice was cultured for 48h and 72h and the supernant fluid was collected for test.The IL - 2 was detected with MTT and IL - 6 with radio - immunoas-say. RESULTS: Wuling capsules could promote Th cells to secret IL- 2 and markedly elevate the liver - damage - induced low level of IL- 2.Wuling capsules did not effect the levels of IL-6 significantly in both healthy mice and mice with liver damage. CONCLUSION: Wuling capsules can promote the secretion of IL-2 and have immunoregulatory actions.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Bupleuri plus Saliva miltiorrhiza on preventing the formation of hepatic fibrosis in rats METHODS:To establish an animal model of hepatic fibrosis by feeding high fat diet and 10% alcohol and subcutaneously injecting CCl4 and to detect the zymogram and biochemical parameters and observe the pathological changes of liver tissue RESULTS:Bupleuri and Saliva miltiorrhiza could significantly depress the activities of ALT,AST,MAO,ALP and had no influence on the ?-GT in serum,the serum TG was decreased and TG in tissue was obviously raised and serum GSH was elevated in hepatic fibrosis rat The extract could significantly decreased the levels of PC Ⅰ and PC Ⅲ in hepatic fibrosis rat The histopathological examination showed that the extract could diminish liver degeneration and necrosis,and block the formation of fiber diazoma,the degree of collagen proliferation was significantly lower than that of the control group CONCLUSION:Bupleuri and Saliva miltiorrhea extract could effectively protect the liver cell,and could retard the formation of hepatic fibrosis as well

Aim To investigate the influence of Tanshinone ⅡA on cytokine secreted by kuppfer cells via LPS stimulation,and explore its mechanism of therapying chronic hepatic disease. Methods The liver cell and kupffer cells were isolated and the model of liver cell injuries was made induced by LPS and D-GlaN, and the effects of TanshinoneⅡA was observed on the injuries of liver cell induced by lipopoly-saccharide(LPS) and D-Galactosamine(D-GlaN). Cytokine were released secreted by kupffer cells through LPS stimulation and the contents of TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8 were determined by radio-immunoassay. The hepatocyte morphological character was observed by HE stain,the expressions of TNF-?、CD14、iNOS、eNOS in kupffer cell were explored by immunohistochemical, double-decker chamber was used for observing the damage of hepatocyte caused by cytokine secreted by kupffer via LPS stimulation. Results Tanshinone ⅡA could restore the injury of liver cell induced by D-GlaN and LPS, the levels of ALT、MAO、LDH-L、GSH-S and contents of MDA were significantly reduce.It could inhibit TNF-? IL-8 secreted by kupffer cells through LPS stimulation ,and the expressions of TNF-?、CD14 Inos、eNOS in kupffer cell through LPS stimulation were inhibited. Blocking injuries of the inflammatory cytokine release excessive on liver cell, it hadn′t the protect action on liver cell damage suffer from inflammatory cytokine.Conclusion The mechanism of Tanshinon ⅡA of blocking liver cell injuries induced by D-GlaN and LPS may be correlation with inhibiting the excessive cytokine by kupffer cells

AIM:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Le Er Mai(LEM) on the apoptosis of hippocampus neuronal cells in the anaphase of cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.METHODS:A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO) was produced with the intraluminal filament.During reperfusion for 30 d after 2 h of ischemia,the TUNEL staining methods were used to detect apoptosis of hippocampus neuronal cells,and immunohistochemical technique were employed to examine the protein expression of Fas,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the hippocampial.The gene expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial were examined by RT-PCR.RESULTS:After 2 h ischemia and 30 d reperfusion,compared with sham-operated group,TUNEL-positive staining cells and expression levels of Fas,Bax as well as caspase-3 and caspase-9 obviously increased,and the mRNA expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial markedly up-regulated in model group.Compared with model group,LEM at dose of 2.00 g/kg or 0.87 g/kg,and flunarizinum significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased the protein expressions of Fas,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial,and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9(P

AIM: To observe the influence of Jiaomu oil A2 on eosinophil manifold and CD34+ with marrow granule system mobilization in bronchial asthma mice.METHODS: The asthmatic mouse model was established by sensitization and challenge of the animals with 20% Al(OH)3+10% ovalbumen(OVA).After the mice were excitated for 10 d and giving medical therapy at the same time,the mice were executed,the bronchial-alveolar lavage inflammatory cells and the hemocytopoiesis cells were examined using Wrish-Giemsa staining.The expressions of interleukin-5(IL-5) and eotaxin(EON) in lung tissue and marrow were examined by in situ hybridization.The expression of IL-5 and EON albumen in lung tissue and marrow were detected by immunohistochemistry.The inflammatory cell infiltration and CD34+ cells in lung tissue were also observed by HE and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS: Both Jiaomu oil A2 and prednisone significantly attenuated the pathological process degree of bronchial inflammatory reaction such as tissue swelling,reconstruction,hyperplasia,and epithelial cell shedding,and inhibited eosinophil count and infiltration caused by stimulation of allergic effect.Moreover,the two drugs markedly lessen the eosinophil density in tracheal surrounding tissue and marrow in asthma mice and depressed the differentiation of marrow myelocyte to eosinophil.Finally,the apparent decrement of CD34+IL-5,CD34+IL-5R,CD34+CCR-3 cells in bronchial tissue and marrow showed some relationship with the downregulation of IL-5,IL-4,GM-CSF in lung tissue.CONCLUSION: The effect of Jiaomu oil on airway inflammation in asthma mice is associated with inhibiting the mobilization of eosinophil and marrow granule system.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic influence of zanthoxylum seed oilA2(ZSOA2) on NF-?B signaling pathway and inflammatory factor in pulmonary tissue of asthmatic mice.METHODS: The suspensoid(0.2 mL containing 20% albumin hydroxide and 10% ovalbumin) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to sensitize the BALB/c mice on day 1,then 0.4% ovalbumin solution(50 ?L in phosphate buffer fluid) was dripped into the respiratory tract through nasal cavity to establish the asthmatic mouse model.After dripped ovalbumin for 24 h,48 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d,the mice were killed at specified time points.The contents of interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5) and interferon-?(IFN-?) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by ELISA.The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed with HE staining.The inflammatory cell counts were conducted by Eosin staining.The protein levels of adhesion molecule and the molecules of NF-?B signaling pathway in lung tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: In ZSOA2 treated mice,the pathological injury of the lung was significantly attenuated as compared to the model mice,the counts of eosinophils and lymphocytes were reduced obviously in lung bronchial area of asthmatic mice at all observed time points(P

Objective　To investigate the protective effects of alcoholic extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and its combination with Rad ix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), Radix Bupleuri (RB), and Fructus Schisandrae Chi nensis (FSC) respectively on experimental hepatic injuries. Methods　Hepatic injury models were established with the injections of carbon tetrac hloride (CCl4) or D-galactosamine(D-GlaN) into mouse, and then the therapeut ic agents at same dose were given respectively. The activity of cholinesterase(C hE) and alaline aminotransferase(ALT) in the serum and hepatic homogenate, the c ontents of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced glut athione (GSH) in hepatic homogenate from all mouse were determined. The morpholo gic changes of the livers were also observed with VG staining. Results 　In CCl4 treated mice, serum ALT activity was increased markedly wh ile ChE acti vity decreased significantly. GL and GL+RB, GL +FSC could relieve these changes ; GL combined with all other agents could inhibit the GSH accumulation, but only GL+FSC had a suppressive effect on MDA increase and made it return to normal. For D-GlaN treated mice, all agent groups had little effect on the activity of ChE; Only GL dramatically reduced the increased activity of ALT; GL +RSM could e liminate the GSH, but not significant; GL and all GL combinations could decrease the increased MDA (P<0.01). Pathological observation showed that hepatocyte damage in GL group and GL+FSC group incline d to recover. Conclusion　The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum is an effective agent against hepatic injuries, especially combined wi th F ructus Schisandrae Chinensis, which may be associated with its anti-hepatocyte oxidation.

Objective To explore the pattern of feedback learning deficits in patients with schizophrenia.Methods Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 31 controls participated in the study of probabilistic stimulus selection task.The percentage of choose A and avoid B and individual training blocks of reach performance criterion were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference on the percentage ofchoose A between patient group and control group(control group:(66.13±26.31) ％ ; patient group:(63.75±20.57) ％ ; t=0.37,P=0.713).The percentage of avoid B in patient group was significantly lower than that in control group(control group:(62.10±27.10)％;patient group:(49.75±13.68)％; t=2.212,P=0.032).In addition,the training blocks of reach performance criterion in patient group was significantly greater than that in control group (control group:3.23±2.012;patient group:4.64±1.977; t=-2.635,P=0.011).Conclusion The deficits of feedback learning in patients with schizophrenia is largely due to the failure of avoiding negative feedback stimuli.Learning efficiency was lower in patients with schizophrenia than controls.

Objective To investigate the macrophages (Mφ) phenotype mechanism in acute kidney injury caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (SO) and SAP group (n =32 in each group).SAP rat model was made by retrograde cholangiopancreatic injection of 5％ sodium taurocholate.At 2,6,12 and 24 h after modeling,the samples of blood and kidney tissue were collected.The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were detected by using automatic biochemical analyzer.The expressions of IL-12,TNF-α,IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA of kidney tissue were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).The levels of CD68,iNOS and Arg-1 were measured by Western blot.Results In the SAP group at each interval,BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly higher than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) ; Compared with the control group,the expressions of IL-12,TNF-α,IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA in renal tissue of SAP group were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).In the SAP group,the levels of CD68,iNOS and Arg-1 were higher than those in the control group.Conclusions Inflammation and inflammatory imbalances may be pathological factors of acute kidney injury following SAP.