To evaluate the association of ealpain-10 gene UCSNP-43 polyorphism with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population.Meta-analysis showed that calpain-10 gene UCSNP-43 polymorphism may be associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population.Allele G and genotypo GG may be risk factors for type 2 diabetes,while allele A and genotype GA may be the protective factors.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Yiqi Huoxue prescription and Bushen Shengsui prescription on the expression of Notch-1 and Jagged1 protein in ischemic penumbra after local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) rats. METHODS: The local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by intraluminal thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The animals were randomly divided into pseudo surgery group (sham group), model (MCAO) group, Yiqi Huoxue prescription (MCAO+Yiqi Huoxue) and Bushen Shengsui prescription (MCAO+Bushen Shengsui) groups. Using the techniques of immuno-histochemical staining, the expression of Notch-1 and Jagged1 was observed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks in ischemic penumbra of the cortex of frontal and parietal lobe. RESULTS: A value and positive unit of Notch-1 and Jagged1 protein expression in model group were higher than those in sham in ischemic penumbra of the cortex of frontal or parietal lobe after local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in MCAO rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). A value and/or positive unit of the expression in Yiqi Huoxue prescription and Bushen Shengsui prescription groups were lower than those in model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huoxue prescription and Bushen Shengsui prescription affect the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, depress Notch signal transduction after local cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in MCAO rats by inhibiting the expression of Notch-1and Jagged1 protein.

Objective To detect the expression of KiSS-1, KiSS-1R and MMP-9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To study the correlation of KiSS-1, KiSS-1R and MMP-9 expression with invasion and metastasis of HCC, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods The expression of KiSS-1 , KiSS-1R mRNA in 33 HCC samples, 26 non-neoplastic adjacent liver tissue samples and 13 non-neoplastic distant liver tissue samples were detected by RT-PCR. Tissue chips were constructed by modified manual tools, which contained HCC, non-neoplastic adjacent liver tissues, non-neoplastic distant liver tissues, normal liver tissues and intrahepatic metastasis lesions. The expression of KiSS-1 and MMP-9 protein was determined by tissue chips, immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative image analysis in 150 HCC, 137 non-neoplastic adjacent liver tissue, 98 non-neoplastic distant liver tissues, 16 normal liver tissues and 37 intrahepatic metastasis lesion samples. Results The results of RT-PCR showed that compared with the non-neoplastic adjacent liver tissues and the non-neoplastic distant liver tissues, the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in HCC was significantly lower (P＜0.01). The expression of KiSS-1R mRNA did not changed in HCC and non-neoplastic liver tissues (P＞0.05). The expression of KiSS-1 protein was lower in HCC with metastasis and in clinical stage Ⅲ than that in those with non-metastasis, and in clinical stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ . It was also higher in the primary than in the metastasis lesions (P＜0.01, respectively). The expression of MMP-9 was higher in tumors having peplos invasion and metastasis than in those with negative peplos invasion and non-metastasis. It was lower in the primary than the metastasis lesions (P＜0. 01, respectively).Negative correlation between KiSS-1 and MMP-9 expression was found in HCC(r=- 0.340,P＜0.01). Conclusions The imbalance between KiSS-1 and MMP-9 expression might play an important role in enhancing the invasive and metastatic capacity of HCC. Loss of KiSS-1 expression might predict an aggressive clinical behavior and was associated with metastatic potential in HCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the in vivo effects of down-regulating the FGF-21 gene expression by shRNA on glucose and lipids metabolism in high fat diet (HFD) fed ApoE-/- mice.MethoedsMale ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into chow diet (CF)fed group ( NF,n =10),CF fed + pAd-shFGF-21 group ( NFG,n =9),and HFD fed group ( HF,n =10),HFD fed + Adv-null vector ( pAd-GFP ) group ( GFP,n =6) and HFD fed + pAd-shFGF-21 group ( HFG,n =10).Mice were fed for 16 weeks.C57BL/6J mice were set as control group ( NC group,n=10).NFG,HFG,and GFP groups were injected with pAd-shFGF-21or pAd-GFP by tail vein at the end of 15 weeks.The insulin sensitivity and glucoselipid metabolism were assessed by the hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamp technique using 3-[ 3 H] glucose as a tracer at the end of 16 week.ResultsThe plasma FGF-21 levels in NFG and HFG groups were significantly degraded than those in NF and HF groups(20％-27％,P＜0.05),respectively.In the basal state,the fasting blood glucose,fasting plasma insulin,free fatty-acids,triglycerides,total cholesterol,and LDL-C were significantly higher,while the HDL-C was lower in NFG and HFG groups compared with those in NF and HF groups,respectively (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).During the steady-state of clamp,FFA was suppressed in all groups,but it was still higher in NFG and HFG groups than NF and HF groups ( P＜0.05or P＜0.01 ).The glucose infusion rate (GIR)and glucose disappearance rate (GRd)in NFG and HFG groups were significantly decreased compared with NF and HF groups (all P＜0.01 ).In addition,insulin's ability to suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP) during clamps was significantly decreased in HFG and NFG group compared with HF and NF groups (49％ and 20％,respectively; all P＜0.01 ).ConclusionFGF-21 knockdown and low FGF-21 level facilitate the development of metabolic disorder and insulin resistance.

Objective To explore the depression and anxiety status of patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)and its subtypes.Methods In this large sample,multi-center,prospective survey(Registration number in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry:ChiCTR-TRC-12001969),the patients who conformed to the Rome Ⅲ criteria for IBS were recruited from the department of gastroenterology of three hospitals in Guangdong province from June 2012 to September 2012.And 100 healthy subjects from the examination center of hospitals were recruited at the same time.The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA) were used to analyze the depression and anxiety,respectively.Results 9802 patients were collected from department of gastroenterology,and a total of 1128 (11.5 ％) patients were diagnosed as IBS.601 of questionnaires were collected,including 142 (23.6％) of refractory IBS and 459 (76.4％) of non-refractory IBS.The incidences of depression,anxiety,depression and anxiety and the HAMD,HAMA scores were higher in refractory IBS group than those in the non-refractory IBS and control group,((66.2％ vs 23.3％ vs 9.0％),P＜0.05 ;(65.5％ vs 28.5％ vs 10.0％),P＜0.05;(58.5％ vs 17.9％ vs 5.0％),P＜0.05;(9.77 ±5.16)vs(5.48 ±4.03)vs(1.66±2.50),P＜0.05;(9.75 ±5.08)vs(5.91 ±3.80)vs(2.26 ±2.68),P＜0.05).And the incidences of moderate-severe depression and moderate-severe anxiety were higher in refractory IBS group than those in the non-refractory IBS and control group ((8.5％ vs 1.3％ vs 0),P＜0.05; (15.5％ vs 3.7％ vs 0),P＜0.05).The incidences of depression,anxiety,depression and anxiety and the HAMD scores were not obviously different among IBS-D,IBS-C,IBS-M and IBS-U subtypes of refractory IBS (P ＞ 0.05).However,the HAMA scores of IBS-D and IBS-M were higher than that of IBS-U((10.10 ± 5.03) vs(7.55 ± 3.22),P ＜ 0.05 ; (12.08 ±6.89) vs (7.55 ± 3.22),P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high incidences of depression,anxiety and depression and anxiety,and the serious degrees of depression and anxiety existed in the patients with refractory IBS.And these are the important causes for refractoriness in these patients.

Objective To explore the eating behaviors associated with refractory functional dyspepsia (RFD).Methods In this multicenter,prospective trial,1341 new outpatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) from three Guangdong hospitals who had been diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria were enrolled from May to September in 2012.One hundred healthy volunteers were also enrolled as controls.A questionnaire was used to obtain data,and logistic regression analysis was used for analysis.Results ①RFD was diagnosed in 24.4％ of the FD patients.②Unhealthy eating behaviors were significantly greater in patients with RFD and non-RFD than in the normal controls.Patients with RFD skipped meals more often,ate extra meals,and preferred sweets and gasproducing foods (P ＜ 0.05).③A comparison among the non-RFD subtypes,showed that those with epigastric pain syndrome had a greater preference for spicy foods (47.5 ％ vs 35.7 ％,P ＜ 0.05),and those with postprandial distress syndrome had a greater preference for sweets(50.0％ vs 36.4％,P ＜ 0.05) and gas-producing foods (14.9％ vs 7.1％,P＜0.05).Those with both subtypes skipped more meals (30.1％ vs 17.0％,P ＜ 0.05),and ate extra meals (15.0％ vs 6.5％,P＜0.05).④Logistic regression analysis showed that meal skipping(95％ CI,1.177 ～2.272; P=0.003),eating extra meals (95％ CI,1.015 ～2.604; P =0.043),and a preference for sweets (95 ％ CI,1.040 ～ 1.757 ; P =0.024) and gas-producing foods (95 ％ CI,1.022 ～ 2.306 ; P =0.039) were risk factors for RFD.Conclusion Unhealthy eating behaviors,especially,meal skipping,eating extra meals,preferring sweets and gas-producing foods correlate with RFD and these behaviors may be the key reasons for the refractory characteristic of RFD.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics,quality of life,and psychological factors in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients with weight loss.Methods A multi-center and prospective investigation was conducted (Clinical trial registration number:ChiCTR-TRC-12001968) which recruited 1341 consecutive FD outpatients from three Guangdong hospitals according to Rome Ⅲ criteria between June and September in 2012.Of these,1057 patients with complete information were divided into group A as having weight loss more than 5％ (n =207) and group B as having weight loss less than 5％ (n =850).Nepean Dyspepsia Index-symptom checklist,appetite,Hamilton Rating Scale of Anxiety/Depression (HAMA/HAMD),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),Nepean Dyspepsia Index-quality of life,direct medical costs were used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in total scores of NDI-symptom checklist,the severity or bothersome items between two groups (t =-1.301、-0.918、0.138,P =0.193、0.359、0.890),but significant differences were observed in the frequence item and the rating of appetite as poor or very poor between two groups (t =-2.122,P =0.035 ;x2 =35.448,P =0.000 ;x2 =35.274,P =0.000).Significant differences were observed in the incidence of anxiety and depression and total scores of PSQI between the two groups (x2 =73.939,P =0.000;x2 =47.046,P =0.000 ; t =-4.904,P =0.000).Subscales scores of NDI-quality of life in group B were all significantly higher than those in group A (t =5.348、2.569、5.809、4.704,P =0.000、0.010、0.000、0.000).There were significant differences in the frequency of care-seeking and direct medical costs between the two groups (t =-4.860、-3.011,P =0.000、0.003).The frequency of gastroscopic examinations in group A was slightly higher than that in group B (t =-1.505,P =0.133).Conclusion FD patients with weight loss is not rare,and most of them have psychological disorders,loss of appetite and sleep disturbance.Moreover,care-seeking are more frequent,direct medical costs are more expensive,and impairment as assessed by NDI-QOL is more severe.Therefore,we should pay more attention to FD with weight loss in clinical setting.

OBJECTIVE: To find out some evidence that may indicate the theory of voice pitch of the five tones being correlated with the five zang viscera in Huangdi Neijing, which was lost 2 000 years. METHODS: Eight-four healthy females were divided into younger group (<34 years old) and older group (> or =34 years old) according to their ages. The pronunciations of these females were examined by sono-frequency analysis facility. RESULTS: The frequency of Jiao tone was much higher than those of the other tones in both groups (P<0.01) and the frequency of Jiao tone increased as aging. The frequency of Zhi tone in the younger group was higher than that in the older group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of higher frequency of Jiao tone in females is in accordance with the theory put forward by Ye Gui (a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty of China) that the liver is the congenital base of female life. In traditional Chinese medicine, Jiao tone is correlated with the liver, and Zhi tone is correlated with the heart. The high frequency of Zhi tone in younger females implies that regulating the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang and Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin may be beneficial to the health maintenance of younger female.

Eighty-two newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control were treated by mitiglinide calcium for 16 weeks.Plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 ( FGF-21 ) level were evaluated.The relationship of plasma FGF-21 levels with body mass index,body fat,waist-to-hip ratio,lipid,blood glucose,HbA1c,and free fatty-acid were analyzed.Plasma FGF-21 was decreased significantly by treatment with mitiglinide calcium in type 2 diabetic patients,and it may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.