Objective To explore the effects ofPolygonum multiflorum Thunb. by different processed temperature on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. MethodsA total of 140 KM mice were randomly divided into the control group, the positive drug group, the model group, the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ processed group and crude drug group, all the groups above were in sequence given the equal normal saline, silymarin (10 mg/kg), 100℃ extract (100 mg/kg), 110℃ extract (100 mg/kg), 120℃ extract (100 mg/kg) and crude drug extract (100 mg/kg) each day, respectively. After 7 days, apart of the control group, the other groups were established the acute liver injury model by the carbon tetrachloride. The blood and liver of mice were taken after 24 h post-model made. The levels of AST, ALT, Alb, TP, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px were detected, and liver pathological features of each group were observed.Results Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT (132.14 ± 19.66 U/L, 81.55 ± 12.67 U/L, 169.37 ± 24.18 U/Lvs. 261.84 ± 31.61 U/L), AST (231.57 ± 38.38 U/L, 181.73 ± 36.52 U/L, 318.36 ± 39.68 U/Lvs. 624.79 ± 49.98 U/L), IL-6 (10.35 ± 1.62 pg/ml, 6.26 ± 1.36 pg/ml, 12.57 ± 1.88 pg/mlvs. 18.73 ± 5.54 pg/ml), TNF-α (243.74 ± 13.02 pg/ml, 189.36 ± 9.85 pg/ml, 273.13 ± 14.64 pg/mlvs. 314.36 ± 29.67 pg/ml), IL-1 (235.36 ± 30.14 pg/ml, 208.07 ± 9.33 pg/ml, 48.21 ± 33.15 pg/mlvs.264.76 ± 32.55 pg/ml) in the 100℃, 110℃, 120℃ group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of TP (69.16 ± 2.96 g/L, 74.14 ± 3.17 g/L, 65.73 ± 2.22 g/Lvs. 62.06 ± 2.65 g/L), Alb (35.86 ± 2.64 g/L, 36.67 ± 2.81 g/L, 34.06 ± 2.64 g/Lvs. 32.16 ± 2.05 g/L) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of SOD (82.94 ± 6.21 U/mg, 101.33 ± 9.16 U/mg, 71.32 ± 5.15 U/mg vs. 66.22 ± 1.13 U/mg), GSH-Px (153.39 ± 15.23 U, 199.25 ± 12.04 U, 159.26 ± 17.18 Uvs. 64.79 ± 32.56 U) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly increased (P<0.05), while the level of MDA (0.96 ± 0.22 nmol/mg, 0.69 ± 0.13 nmol/mg, 1.29 ± 0.13 nmol/mgvs.1.71 ± 0.33 nmol/mg) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Different processed temperature ofPolygonum Multiflorum Thunb. water extract on liver injury in mice caused by carbon tetrachloride is not the same. The 110℃ processed temperature showd the best liver protection.

In clinical practice, the teachers should lead students to integrate the basic medical and clinical medical knowledge, and promote their comprehensive ability. Taking the department of gynaecology as an example, we learn from the analysis of specific practice that teachers need to pay attention to the reasonable conversion between doctors and teachers, strengthen their own basic medical knowledge reserves and teaching ability, strengthen the experience exchange with the teachers who teach basic course and give students clear interpretation of the relevant basic medical knowledge, pro-mote students to converse from basic medical skills to clinical skills, from theory to practical skills, and enable students to adapt to the role of interns as soon as possible.

Objective To observe gene different expression of unfolded protein response signaling pathway in human osteoblasts under the excessive fluoride ,and explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in fluorosis .Methods Human osteoblasts were cultured with fluoride ,intervening for 24 h .Cell viability and apoptosis were inspected by MTS assay and flow cytometer respective‐ly .The UPR signaling pathway was examined by real time PCR array ,and protein expressions were detected by Western blot .Re‐sults T he cell survival rates w ere (100 .678 5 ± 2 .830 3 )% ,(105 .393 4 ± 2 .538 4 )% ,(106 .125 7 ± 2 .048 3 )% ,(77 .977 3 ± 2 .544 3)% (P<0 .05) ,(30 .237 7 ± 0 .632 73)% (P<0 .05) treated with sodium fluoride at the concentration 0 ,5 ,10 ,20 ,40 ,80 mg/L respectively .Apoptosis rate inspected by flow cytometer was 4 .8% in 5 mg/L group ,13 .8% in 10 mg/L group ,37 .0% in 20 mg/L group ,58 .9% in 40 mg/L group ,63 .2% in 80 mg/L group (P<0 .05) .Only 1 gene was down regulated and 14 genes were up regulated .Western blot analysis showed BIP ,ATF4 ,CHOP and IRE1 both showed their protein expression gradually up regula‐ted with fluorine dose .XBP1 expression gradually increased in NaF 5-20 mg/L ,and its expression decreased at 40 and 80 mg/L . Conclusion Sodium fluoride can cause osteoblasts endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway through PTEN and IRE1 pathway ,and at high concentrations can cause apoptosis of osteoblast .

Objective To observe glucose metabolism in C57 mice treated with different doses of fluoride.Methods Forty male C57 mice (body weight 20-24 g) were divided into four groups which were exposed to 0,50,100 and 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) by random number table according to body weight,each group had 10 mice.At 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after fluoride exposure,body weight was measured,blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were detected by blood glucose meter and glycosylated hemoglobin meter,serum insulin and glucagon were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results At 10 and 12 weeks after fluoride exposure,the differences of fasting glucose between groups of C57 mice were statistically significant (F =35.12,21.92,all P ＜ 0.05),the fasting glucose of 100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(7.7 ± 0.2),(7.3 ± 0.3),(8.6 ± 0.5),(9.1 ± 0.7)mmol/L] were higher than those of the control group [(5.4 ± 0.3),(5.0 ± 0.3)mmol/L,all P ＜ 0.01].The differences of glycosylated hemoglobin,glucagons between groups were statistically significant (F =3.85,8.74,all P ＜ 0.05).The glycosylated hemoglobin of 100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(7.73 ± 0.76),(7.80 ± 1.15) mmo]/L] were higher than those of the control group [(5.43 ± 1.27) mmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05]; serum glucagon levels of 50,100,150 mg/L fluoride groups [(19.15 ± 11.84),(26.55 ± 15.97),(20.05 ± 7.29)ng/L] were lower than that of the control group [(48.35 ± 2.79)ng/L,all P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Long term excess fluoride intake can reduce the function of sugar metabolism in C57 mice.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that minichromosome maintenance 3 is related with fluorosis, but the expression of minichromosome maintenance 3 in fluorosis patients is not clear yet.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the mRNA expression level of minichromosome maintenance 3 in peripheral blood from patients exposed to fluoride and normal controls.
METHODS:Eleven patients with mild fluorosis by drinking water (exposure group) and 11 cases of control (non-exposure group) were selected for research. SYBRGreen1 real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of minichromosome maintenance 3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cel s, and the liver and renal function indicators were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:mRNA expressions of minichromosome maintenance 3 in the exposure group and non-exposure group were (0.573 60±0.102 59) and (0.550 0±0.171 81), respectively, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the liver and renal function indicators between two groups. The results indicate that mild fluorosis has no significant effect on mRNA expression of minichromosome maintenance 3 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cel s. More indicators are needed to compressively analyze the effect of fluoride on the liver and renal functions.

Objective To explore excessive fluoride on expression of osteocalcin (OC) in osteoblast and glucolipid metabolism in mice.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast were conventionally cultured,MC3T3-E1 cells were stimulated with O,2,10 and 50 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) to establish fluorine cell model,and levels of OC were tested.The corresponding NaF concentration resulted in the highest OC level was used as the optimal fluorine concentration.Cell experiments were divided into four groups:3T3-L1,3T3-L1 + NaF,3T3-L1 + MC3T3-E1 and 3T3-L1 + MC3T3-E1 + NaF.The treatment groups were respectively or jointly treated with the optimal concentration of NaF (50 mg/L) or MC3T3-E1 osteoblast,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect OC and adiponectin (APN) levels.At the same time,40 C57BIL/6 mice were numbered by weight,randomly divided into control and fluoride groups,20 per group,control group drunk pure water,fluoride group drunk 100 mg/L NaF solution,changes of teeth and body weight [M (P25,P75)] of the mice were observed.Serum OC and APN levels were tested by ELISA at 12 weeks after modeling.The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the fasting plasma insulin (FINS) were detected by glucose oxidase and chemiluminescence methods,and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was evaluated.Results The APN levels of 3T3-L1,3T3-L1 + NaF,3T3-L1 + MC3T3-E1 and 3T3-L1 + MC3T3-E1 + NaF groups were (0.94 ± 0.18),(1.07 ± 0.21),(1.76 ± 0.20),and (2.49 ± 0.43) μg/L,MC3T3-E1 osteoblast with NaF had promote collaborative interaction effect on APN levels (F =14.519,P ＜ 0.01).The body weight of mice in fluoride group [27.5 (25.8,28.3) g] was significantly lower than that of the control group [31.4 (30.3,32.6) g,Z =-4.695,P ＜ 0.01].The levels of FPG [(7.78 ± 1.86) mmol/L],FINS [(3.22 ± 0.75) mU/L],OC [(6.11 ± 1.49) μμg/L],APN [(8.65 ± 1.78) μg/L] and HOMA-IR (1.15 ± 0.49) were higher than those of control groups [(5.40 ± 1.51) mmol/L,(2.45 ± 0.64) mU/L,(3.14 ± 0.92) μg/L,(4.03 ± 1.45) μg/L,0.62 ± 0.31],the differences were statistically significant (t =-4.466,-3.518,-7.560,-9.002,-4.182,P ＜ 0.01).OC levels in mice were positively correlated with FPG,FINS,APN and H-OMA-IR (r =0.868,0.707,0.911,0.818,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The OC of osteoblast in mice exposed to fluoride is increased significantly,OC levels in mice are closely related to blood glucose and APN,it is one of the key molecules in lipid metabolism.

The nursing students of Grade 2009 to Grade 2016 were selected.Their skills,midterm,usual and final performances as well as comprehensive scores of normal human morphology course were analyzed by one-way ANOVA in combination with different stages of curriculum integration in order to compare the teaching effect between traditional teaching mode + evaluation system and mixed teaching mode + formative evaluation in the course of normal human morphology.Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 showed that the average score of formation stage (traditional teaching mode) was 67.55 ± 12.72,the average score of integration stage (mixed teaching mode) was 72.79 ± 10.93 and the average score of development stage (formative evaluation +mixed teaching mode) was 83.94 ± 9.58.After making comparisons,the P values of ANOVA of the course of normal human body morphology in all stages were all less than 0.001,having statistical significance.The results showed that the overall development of the curriculum is becoming mature and the new teaching model can help students who usually do not like to review.

The cultivation of students majoring in clinical medicine (rural doctors) is an important measure to promote the health construction at the grassroots level in Xinjiang. The cultivation of talents in this profession is closely related to the educational management mode. In view of the problems in the management and training of rural doctors, this paper explores the improvement methods, aiming at constructing the dual-cycle management system (big cycle management system and small cycle management system) of clinical medicine (rural doctors) from the perspective of management. The big circulation management system is the main body, the small one is the key point of the college management, and the two circulation management systems promote each other, trying to construct the talent management and training system of the trinity of college education, graduation education and continuing medical education. With the support of this system and the advantages of the same counselor in cycle management of students in different grades and different periods, the communication between the counselor and the class teachers, students and students of all grades can be increased. In this way, counselors, class teachers and students of all grades can have a more intuitive and in-depth understanding of the curriculum and internship and employment situation of this specialty, and provide reference for improving the management education level of students majoring in clinical medicine (rural doctors).

As essential part of teachers' teaching practice, the design and arrangement of assignments is the main carrier of interaction between teachers and students, and is also an important learning way for students. According to the discipline characteristics and teaching modes of histology and embryology courses, we have developed a systematic assignment design model that covers theory, practice, and application with four types of assignments—pre-class assignments, exploratory assignments, practical assignments, and innovative assignments distributed before class, in class, after class, and throughout the teaching process. Behind this assignment design strategy is the concept of learner-centered teaching, which aims to help students learn professional knowledge and develop comprehensive literacy.