The afferant projections and their chemical nature from the midbrain raphe nuclei and periaqueductal gray to the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus were st- udied by HRP retrograde tracing combined with PAP immunocytochemical method Following injections of HRP into the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus, and reactions by HRP and PAP were performed subsequently. The double labelling cells containing HRP-positive granules and substance P-like immunoreactivity were found in various areas of brain, that is, the contralateral principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve,nucleus gracilis,nucleus cuneatus, bilateral ventrola- teral divisions of the periaqueductal gray and midbrain raphe nuclei.A comparison of cell counts of double labeled cells with the total HRP-labeled cells indicated that the cells observed in the dorsal raphe nuclei were 21?7 in each rat, which constituted 48% of total HRP-labeling cells; The double labeling neurons in nuclei raphe centralis superior were found in two cases only, the cell bodies were very sparse and distributed mainly in the caudal area of these nuclei The double labeling cells were detected in bilateral ventrolateral divisions of periaqu- eductal gray, predominantly ipsilaterally. The double labeling cells observed in each rat were 26?9 ipsilaterally and 11?4 contralateraIly. The numbers of double labeling cells were 38% of the total counts of HRP-labeling cells in each side. These results above indicate that the thalamic ventral posterior nucleus receives afferent projections from midbrain raphe nuclei and ventrolateral division of periaqueductal gray and in the pathway, a part of substance P-positive neurons are exhibited. Therefore, this study provides evidence for existance ascending projection of substance P-like immunoreactivity.

Purpose:To investigate the prevention and treatment protocol for Af after resection of esophageal and car- dia carcinoma.Methods:Analyses for clinical materials of 1527 patients underwent resection for esophageal and cardiac carcinoma.Results:There were Af 23 cases.Age older than 60 years,abnormal ECG or/and pulmonary function before operation,gastro-esophageal anastomosis above the aortic arch and histological staging Ⅲ～Ⅳ were risk factors for AF.Fa- tal AF was rarely seen.In our 23 cases after treatment in time AF disappeared.Conclusions:Further recognition for post- operative AF and management of perioperative period complication,may reduce the danger of postoperative AF.

Objective To confirm the protective effect of berberine (BBR) on cold ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury and to show whether the hepatic protection conferred by BBR involves the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signal pathway.Method Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four groups:BBR group (BBR was intragastrically administered at a dose of 100 mg·kg-1 · d-1 2 weeks before hepatic cold I/R treatment),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (BBR was replaced by DMSO,and others were the same as BBR group),I/R group (BBR was replaced by normal saline,and others were the same as BBR group) and sham group (normal saline was administered 2 weeks before opening and closing abdomen treatment).Then the rats were sacrificed at 3,6,and 24 h after reperfusion.The liver function,oxidative stress level,apoptosis rate,and the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR related pathway proteins were assayed.Result As compared with sham group,the I/R-induced liver tissue displayed severe lobular distortion with widespread necrosis,high level of oxidative stress and apoptosis rate.As compared with I/R group,BBR dramatically attenuated the histopathologic damage,restored the liver function and decreased the oxidative stress level.Simultaneously,BBR significantly ameliorated the apoptosis by decreasing the apoptosis rate,increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibiting caspase-3 activity in rats subjected to hepatic I/R.The expression of p-Akt was effectively upregulated with the inhibited expression of p-mTOR.Conclusion Our result provides robust in vivo evidence that BBR can prevent I/R-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.The mechanisms involved can be attributed to the activation of P]3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway.

Long-term potentiation(LTP) of synaptic activity in the hippocampal is the most widely researched model of synaptic plasticity,which is believed to underlie the brain function of learning and memory.Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) respond to a variety of cellular and extracellular stimuli, such as growth factors,cytokines,extracellular mitogen and stresses.MAPK are involved in complex processes such as in cell differentiation,proliferation and programmed cell death.It has been reported that the upstream regulators and downstream substrats of MAPKs still widely exist in the mature neuron.MAPKs cascade induces phosphorylation of many functional protein including some receptors and kinases that is associated with induction and maintain of the LTP in the neuron,indicating that MAPKs do play a crucial role in the synaptic plasticity.Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38 activity and its relationship with LTP are reviewed.

Objective To study the expressions of metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2(TIMP-2) in lung cancer,and their relationships with microvessel density(MVD).(Methods The) expressions of MMP-2,TIMP-2 and Ⅷ factor were tested by immunohistochemical staining in(90 cases) of lung cancer tissue and 40 cases of para-cancer lung tissue.Results The immunohistochenmical staining results analyzed by IPP software indicated that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expressed in all pathological types of lung cancer.The expreesion level of MMP-2 in lung cancer tissue was higher than that in para-cancer tissue(P

A fusion expression vector pPIC3.5K-PDGFR? was constructed to express recombinant receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR? and the right Pichia pastoris transformants were screened on his-deficient plates and YPD-G418 plates by turns after electroporation of strain GS115, a high yield strain named M3 was screened. The strain M3 was cultured in a 5 L fermentor and His-GFP-PDGFR? fusion protein was purified by Ni2+ chelating affinity chromatography. One distinct peak was obtained after elution with 250 mmol/L imidazole. Fusion protein was proved to be 90.08 kD by western blotting, and have tyrosine kinase activity by ELISA. Results showed that the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR? was successfully expressed in P. pastoris and could be used as a target for small molecule selective inhibitors screening.

Through comparing of the cultivation models for master and doctoral postgraduate of two schools of nursing in Hong Kong,the viewpoint that the relatively perfect cultivation models for nursing postgraduate in Hong Kong had been formed was pointed out.Reformation of exam-oriented admission requirements,rationalization of cultivation types,enrichment of cultivation directions as well as making cultivation objectives explicitly,curriculum optimized and evaluation system improved should be suggested and referenced by domestic nursing educational innovators.

The original strain was treated with UV combining LiCl. The total carotenoid yield of the strain UL-61 was 7.62mg/L, the maximal yield of astaxanthin had reached 616.8?g/g under 25℃. 8 variables including fermentation temperature, initial pH were optimized by Plackett-Burman design and Response Surface Analysis of SAS software. The temperature, initial pH and corn steep liquor were the major factors. The optimal conditions were predictted to be 16.78℃, pH4.73 and 7.06 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the theroretical maximal yield of carotenoid was 3.9407 mg/L and the practical maximal yield was about 3.9261mg/L. The carotenoid production was increased by 20.4% when Phaffia rhodozyma was cultivated under the optimal conditions as compared with the control.

Objective:A fingerprint of raw material, extract ed and injections of radix notoginseng has been studied and provides the quality information.Method:Polaris C18-A column was used, with mixtu res of acetonitrile and water as mobile phase in a gradient mode. The wavelength of measurement was 203nm.Result:According to the selected chr omatographic conditions, a good fingerprint of radix notoginseng and its extract , preparation has been described.Conclusion:The method is simp le, accurate with good reproducibility. It may be practical value for the qualit y control of sample for radix notoginseng and its preparation.

Objective To explore the protective effect of resveratrol against oxidative damage to cultivated fibroblasts irradiated with UVB. Methods Fibroblasts from normal human skin cultured in vitro were divided into 5 groups (a normal control group, a group irradiated with UVB, a group treated with resveratrol before UVB irradiation, and a group treated after irradiation). A monolayer of fibroblasts was irradiated with UVB at 60 mJ/cm2. The vitality of the cells was measured using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) method. The activity of superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined using enzyme biochemistry. Results Resveratrol over 100 μM inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts. Resveratrol under 100 μM improved the proliferation of cells. The optimal concentration was 50 μM. UVB irradiation decreased the vitality of the cells and SOD activity, and it significantly enhanced MDA content. Conclusions Resveratrol treatment before or after UVB irradiation elevates the survival rate of fibroblasts, enhances the activity of SOD, and decreases MDA content. Resveratrol at low concentration could improve the proliferation of fibroblasts, and at high concentration could inhibit their proliferation. Res-veratol at 50 μM relieves the inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts damaged by UVB irradiation.