OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the improvement of supervision system of online drug sale in China. METH-ODS:Usingonline pharmacyonline drugstoreinternet drugssupervisionas keywords,CNKI,Wanfang database from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016 and related websites were retrieved,experience about legislation,legal provisions and regulatory bodies in the United States,Britain,Germany and other countries were summarized. The problems existing in the current supervision system in China were analyzed,and related suggestions were proposed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The legal system of the online drug sale in the United States,Britain,Germany and other countries is more complete,legislation content is relatively perfect,pay-ing attention to the combination of administrative supervision and industry supervision. The supervision system of online drug sale in China exists problems as follows as legislation level relatively lower,conflict between laws and regulations;the legislation con-tent being not perfect,contents missing or provisions blur in many aspects;law enforcement existing in the government depart-ments,industry regulation being weak and others. It is suggested that the country should develop high-order law when improving the supervision system of online drug sale,modifying the existing law or promulgating the relevant specialized laws by legal form rather than regulations and rules;develop clear,actionable law and learn from foreign related systems (such as electronic evi-dence,blacklist)to improve legal contents;and further clear the powers and responsibilities of the regulatory authorities,actively develop industry associations(such as pharmaceutical association,etc.)to conduct supervision for online drug sale.

Animals ; Collateral Circulation ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Ventricular Remodeling

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective: To explore the treatment effect of sticking-needle acupuncture plus tendon-regulating manipulation on pain, swelling and joint dysfunction due to acute ankle sprain.Methods: A total of 80 patients with acute ankle sprain were recruited and divided into a control group and a treatment group according to the random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. Both groups received the same conventional interventions. The control group was treated with additional tendon-regulating manipulation, and the treatment group was treated with tendon-regulating manipulation plus sticking-needle acupuncture. The pain, swelling and joint dysfunction of the ankle were observed in both groups before and after 3 d, 7 d and 14 d of treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores of both groups showed a decreasing trend over time, and the differences within the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 3 d, 7 d and 14 d of treatment, the VAS scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of swelling between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the degrees of swelling in both groups showed a decreasing trend over time, and the differences within the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 3 d and 7 d of treatment, the degrees of swelling in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the degree of swelling between the two groups after 14 d of treatment (P>0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale score between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale scores of both groups showed an increasing trend over time, and all the differences within the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). After 3 d, 7 d and 14 d of treatment, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale scores in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the routine intervention, the addition of sticking-needle acupuncture and tendon-regulating manipulation was better in alleviating pain and swelling and improving joint function in patients with acute ankle sprain than the addition of tendon-regulating manipulation alone.

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits

Chinese herbal formulas can well present the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with their simple, convenient, inexpensive and effective uses. However, due to the high cost of production, manufacturing pharmacies inside the hospital closed down one after another, which rendered the difficult situation of developing preparation of Chinese herbal formulas. The Pudong New Area of Shanghai, as a pilot region for comprehensive reforms on national development of TCM, vigorously explores the standardized research on and application of hospital-made Chinese herbal formulas. The Health Bureau of the Pudong New Area, based on the Shuguang Hospital, has established a clinical evaluation center for hospital-made Chinese herbal formulas. Through screening, manufacturing, quality control, unified allocation, and standardized clinical evaluation, the clinical evaluation center has summarized its experience on these processes.

Objective To establish a nerve stem cell model possessing the potentiality of differentiating intoγ-aminobutyric acid neuron-like cells(GABAergic-like cells),and provide eligible investigative vector for study on GABAergic neurons degenerative diseases. Methods Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)was applied to induce human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,and the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP),0.3 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,0.6 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group and 2.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group;the morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were observed.The Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software was used to measure the length of neurites of the neuron-like cells, and the percentage of the SH-SY5Y cells with neurites longer than 30 μm was calculated. The immunofluorescence cytochemistry technique was utilized to test GAD65 positive cells,and the positive rate of immune response was calculated.Results The results of light microscope observation showed that the cells in control group were polygonal,circular or shuttle type with smooth membrane and clear boundaries. With the increasing of the concentrations of dbcAMP and the prolongation of time,the morphology of SH-SY5Y cells’bodies became smaller with longer processes in dbcAMP groups.The cells interwined each other and showed mature neuron phenotype in 1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group.Compared with control group(31.4%±4.2%),the percentages of the cell with neurites longer than 30 μm in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 2.0 dbcAMP groups (40.1%± 5.7%, 47.5%± 6.2%, 73.1%±3.2%,and 74.3%± 6.1%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group (10.2%± 2.1%), the GAD65 positive expression rates in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0,and 2.0 mmol·L-1,dbcAMP groups(22.1%±2.4%,46.9%±3.2%,70.7%±3.4%,and 72.3%±3.7%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The SH-SY5Y cells have the potentiality of differentiating into GABAergic-like cells, and 1.0 mmol · L-1 is the optimal concentration of dbcAMP.

This paper presented the conventional methods for signal detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their applications, the research progress in ADRs signal mining based on healthcare big data, and briefed the methods and uses of ADRs prediction using machine learning technology in the era of healthcare big data.The conclusion was that deep learning, as a fast growing tool in machine learning, will become hotspot of research, expected to help with ADRs signal mining and rational clinical drug use.

Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the major causes of retinal detachment surgery failure.Based on proteomic studies of PVR vitreous,the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) protein was specifically expressed in the vitreous and serum of PVR patients.Furthermore,its expression level is higher in the vitreous and serum in severe PVR patients than that in mild PVR patients.Objective This experiment was to detect the expression of IGFBP-6 in a PVR rat model.Methods Seventy 7-week old male SPF Wistar rats were included and were randomized into the PVR model group and control group.A mixture of RPE-J cell suspension(5 μl) and platelet-rich plasma (5 μl) was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of adult Wistar rats to establish the PVR model,and normal saline solution was administered in the same way in the control group.The rat eyes were clinically examined 1 week,2,3 and 4 weeks after injection,and PVR was graded based on the criteria of Francine.The animals were sacrificed after 1 week,2,4 or 8 weeks for the preparation of retinal sections and liver extraction.Expression levels of IGFBP-6 mRNA in the rat retina and liver were assayed by real-time Q-PCR.The expression of IGFBP-6 protein in the rat serum and vitreous was detected by ELISA.The use of animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Purified IGFBP-6 RNA was extracted from the liver and retina of Wistar rat and quantified by real-time Q-PCR.The expression level of IGFBP-6 mRNA in retina was (3.79± 1.33) × 10-4 in the PVR model rats,showing a significant decline in comparison with the control rats with a level of(8.32±2.96) × 10 4,4 weeks after injection (t =3.42,P＜0.01).The expression of IGFBP-6 mRNA in the 4th week was significantly lower than that of 1 week,2 or 8 weeks after the establishment of the PVR model(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the IGFBP-6 mRNA level in the liver between the PVR group and control group(27.60± 14.01 × 10 4 vs.25.01 ± 12.04 ×10-4,respectively),as well as among the different time points(P＞0.05).IGFBP-6 mRNA content in the retina was significantly reduced in grades 1,2 or 3 of the PVR groups compared with the control group(P＞0.05),but there was no significant difference among the different grades of PVR groups (P＞0.05).Concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in grades 1,2 and 3 of the PVR model group were (221.00 ± 19.32),(229.63 ± 18.89) and (225.70 ± 26.71) μg/L,with a significant elevation in comparison with (173.25 ±21.11) μg/L of the control group (t =2.14,P＜0.05).However,there was no significant change among the different grades of PVR groups(t=1.24,1.46,P＞0.05).The concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in the vitreous and serum were higher in PVR rat samples (vitreous:225.44±19.36 μg/L;serum:108.48 ± 15.78 μg/L) than in control rats (vitreous:173.25 ± 21.11 μg/L,serum:95.96 ±17.40 μg/L)(P＜0.05).Conclusions The concentrations of IGFBP-6 protein in the vitreous and serum increase in PVR rats.The results indicate that the increased IGFBP-6 in the vitreous might be a localized autocrine secretion of the eye.

Objective The studies on tissue culture and cytological observations of leaf explants of Curculigo orchioides were conducted in order to provide the basis for the rapid propagation of C. orchioides. Methods Young leaf explants of C. orchioides were cultured on MS basal media. Differences in the callus induction and plantlet regeneration rate were observed by different light treatment as well as chemical factors like different phytohormones, casein hydrolysate (CH), and activated charcoal (AC) concentrations. Paraffin method was used to cytological observation. Results For callus induction of leaf explants of C. orchioides, dark treatment gave better results compared to light treatment; among the media tested, the suitable phytohormone combinations were 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D or 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2, 4-D 2.5 mg/L, and 300 mg/L CH+0.2% AC was good for plantlet regeneration from leaf explants. The callus from leaf explants mainly originated from midrib. The parenchyma cells near epicuticle of midrib firstly were initiated to division. Then the parenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells on each side of vascular bundle were also divided to form callus. The buds developed on the peripheral parts of the calli, but the roots developed in the regions deep within the calli. Conclusion Tissue culture of young leaf explants of C. orchioides can make the propagation of C. orchioides rapid.