Drug Industry ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Ventilation

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in Tibet, and assess the disease status. Methods Between 2007 and 2008, a survey was done on KBDepidemiology which was carried out in four prefectures of 26 counties according to the east, south, west, north and center in Nakchu,Lhoca, Nyingtri and Shigatse districts of Tibet, with towns and villages as baseline survey points. According to the KBD e survey scheme, KBD clinical examination for adults was also carried out and at the same time clinical and right hand anteroposterior X-ray examinations were given to children aged 4 - 13. The partition of endemic area was based on the criteria of national standards for Kashin-Beck disease diagnoses《GB 16395-1996》. Slight KBD area:clinical prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease grade Ⅰ and above was less than 10％ or X-ray detection rate ＜ 10％ of children; the moderate prevalent KBD area: clinical prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease grade Ⅰ and above was between 10％ and 20％ or X-ray detection rate was between 10％ and 30％ of children; severe KBD area: clinical prevalence of KBD grade Ⅰ and above was more than 20％ or X-ray detection rate was higher than 30％ of children.ResultsA total of 108 townships of 26 counties were surveyed, 14 686 adults were clinically examined, cases detection of grade Ⅰ and above were 637 people, the prevalence was 4.34％, and no case of grade Ⅲ was detected.Of 5769 children's right anteroposterior X-ray film, 102 were detected positive; the prevalence rate was 1.77％.Metaphysis was affected in most of the child cases, which accounting for 89.2％ (91/102). Amongst all the counties, there were 10 counties, clinical detection rate of adult KBD was 0, and children's X-ray detection rate of KBD was also 0. In 1 county the clinical prevalence rate for adults KBD was 0 and X-ray detection rate for children was 3.66(7/191 ). In 12 counties the clinical prevalence rate for adults KBD was between 1.03％ and 7.54％, X-ray detection rate for children was between 0 and 7.76％, amongst all these counties surveyed there were 5 counties,the detection rate for children was 0. In 3 counties the clinical prevalence rate for adult KBD was between 10.69％and 13.88％, the X-ray detection rate for children was between 5.31％ and 7.76％. Conclusions According to the criteria for diagnoses of KBD, within the 26 counties surveyed, 10 counties are non-endemic areas, 13 counties are slight endemic areas, 3 counties are medium endemic areas. So far, KBD is prevalent in 52 counties of 7 prefectures (cities) in Tibet, the disease is widely distributed, the situation is still severe, and there is a need to continue to strengthen KBD surveillance.

OBJECTIVETo prepare cytochrome (CYP)2E1-silenced hepatocytes by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference technology and to investigate the hepatotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes.

METHODSShort hairpin RNA fragments were designed and synthesized and were then ligated into the lentiviral vector; single colonies were screened; the plasmid was extracted after PCR and sequence identification and then transferred into L02 hepatocytes; the CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were selected; real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the interference effects. The obtained CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes, as well as normal L02 hepatocytes, were treated with TCE (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mmol/L). The cell viability and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TCE were measured; the apoptotic rate of cells was measured by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis genes and oncogenes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe IC50s of TCE for L02 hepatocytes and CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 15.1 mmol/L and 23.6 mmol/L, respectively. The apoptotic rate increased as the dose of TCE rose in the two types of cells; the CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes hada significantly lower apoptotic rate than L02 hepatocytes when they were exposed to 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L TCE (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis gene) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes was 15% ∼ 60% higher than that in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (apoptosis genes) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 30% ∼ 60% lower than those in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of p53 (cancer suppressor gene) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes was 81 - 278% higher than that in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of c-fos and k-ras (oncogenes) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 20-68% lower than those in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCYP2E1-silenced cells can be successfully prepared by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference technology. Silencing CYP2E1 gene can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TCE and inhibit the expression of some apoptosis genes and oncogenes, suggesting that CYP2E1 gene plays an important role in TCE metabolism and is related to the hepatotoxicity of TCE.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; methods ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Paclitaxel ; therapeutic use

Objective: To investigate the expressions of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH complicated with histological inflammation and their significance. METHODS: According to the results of HE staining, we divided 60 cases of BPH treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) into a BPH group (n = 23) and a BPH with inflammation group (n = 37). We analyzed the clinical data of the patients and determined the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-17 and IL-8 by immunohistochemistry, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the BPH patients complicated with inflammation, the BPH group showed significantly lower International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (29.1 ± 6.2 vs 21.6 ± 3.7), quality of life score (QoL) (5.4 ± 1.3 vs 4.4 ± 1.6), postvoid residual urine volume (RUV) (［198.6 ± 15.5］ vs ［98.2 ± 19.3］ ml), prostate volume (［69.2 ± 24.1］ vs ［49.8 ± 16.5］ ml), PSA level (［7.4 ± 1.9］ vs ［2.8 ± 0.8］ μg/L) and serum c-reactive protein content (CRP) (［5.1±2.0］ vs ［1.5±0.6］ mg/L), but a higher maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) (［4.7 ± 2.1］ vs ［8.2 ± 1.8］ ml/s) (all P<0.05). The former group had a significantly higher incidence rate of urinary retention than the latter (32.4% ［12/37］ vs 8.69% ［2/23］), mRNA expressions of IL-17 (0.303 ± 0.076 vs 0.042 ± 0.019) and IL-8 (0.536 ± 0.059 vs 0.108 ± 0.025), and protein expressions of IL-17 (0.88 ± 0.10 vs 0.34 ± 0.05) and IL-8 (1.07 ± 0.08 vs 0.43 ± 0.04) (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expressions of IL-17 and IL-8 are upregulated in the prostatic tissue of the BPH patients with inflammation, which may play a significant role in the development and progression of BPH.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Male ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; metabolism ; Quality of Life ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Retention ; diagnosis ; etiology