Background As a newly developed refractive surgery,femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) receives more and more attention.Changes in ocular stray light after femtosecond LASIK is an important problem that impacts visual quality.Some relevant research has been performed before,but the outcomes are conflicting.Objective This primary study was to investigate the change of stray light values before and after femtosecond LASIK and analyze the relevant factors underlying the change.Methods Clinical data from 109 eyes of 55 myopic patients who underwent femtosecond LASIK in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December,2010 through February,2011 were included in this study.Stray light values were measured and recorded by C-Quant stray light meter preoperatively,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months postoperatively.The stray light data were compared by repeated measures ANOVA,and the correlations among the stray light values with preoperative factors,such as age,equivalent sphere,pupil diameter and central corneal thickness(CCT),as well as with postoperative factors,such as residual bed thickness(RBT),RBT/CCT,ablation depth,ablation ratio,flap thickness,flap diameter flap base width and exiting energy,were analyzed statistically.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual at initial of this study.Results The stray light values were 0.90±0.19,1.10±0.19,1.02±0.18,0.96±0.16 and 0.94±0.15 pre-operation,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.The stray light values increased significantly 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery,showing significant differences among the various time points (F=17.699,P=0.000).The mean stray light value was higher in 1 week than that in 6 months after operation (t=2.412,P=0.017).No significant differences were found in the stray light values between 6 months and 1 month or pre-operation (t =0.779,P =0.437 ; t =-1.877,P =0.062).No significant correlations were seen between preoperative and postoperative stray light values with age,preoperative refractive diopter,pupil diameter or CCT (P＞0.05).The changes in stray light values 1 week,1 month and 6 months after surgery were negatively correlated with ablation depth(r=-0.226,-0.228,-0.241 ;P＜0.05) and ablation ratio(r =-0.149,-0.219,-0.255 ;P＜0.05).Conclusions Stray light values increase within 1 month and return to normal 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.Stray light values may be related to multiple setting laser parameters and factors during femtosecond LASIK.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of two different circumcision procedures with the Shang Ring and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

METHODSA total of 527 adult males with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent Shang Ring circumcision by conventional outward replacement (n = 254) and inward placement (n = 273), respectively. We observed the in-ring nocturnal pain, complications, ring-removal pain, degree of edema, recovery time, and patients' satisfaction after surgery, and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the conventional outward placement (5.9%) of the Shang Ring, the inward placement method showed the advantages of mild in-ring nocturnal pain, a low complication rate, significantly reduced ring-removal pain, and mild edema, but exhibited longer healing time.

CONCLUSIONIn Shang Ring circumcision for phimosis and redundant prepuce in adult males, each of the outward and inward placement methods has advantages and disadvantages of its own, but the latter is more advantageous and feasible.

Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Edema ; etiology ; Foreskin ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Prostheses and Implants ; Wound Healing

Slow transit constipation(STC)is the common type of chronic idiopathic constipation. Due to failure of routine conservative treatment, laxatives abuse is the most choice for majority of the patients, which could damage the enteric nervous system and result in aggravation of constipation. Resection of the slow transit colon is the ultimate option for some patients. It is hard to prevent and treat STC clinically because of the unknown pathophysiologic mechanism. Abnormalities of enteric neurotransmitters such as VIP, SP, NOS and decreased number of interstitial cells of Cajal have been described in the colon of the patients with STC. However, long term application of stimulant laxatives can also result in the almost same changes in the colon. Exploration of the potential relationship among the above reported abnormalities is the direction of future study.
Constipation ; physiopathology ; Enteric Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; physiology ; Humans ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; cytology

Objective To clone and express the encoding sequence of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)from periodic Brugia molayi(Bm).Methods Total RNA was extraeted from periodic Brugic malayi.The BmGAPDH gene was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into pcDNA3.1(+)vector.The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification,and were transformed into COS-7 cell subsequently.The expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.Results BmGAPDH mRNA was highiy expressed in transfected COS-7 cell.The deduced amino acid sequence was identical with that of BmGAPDH.The recombinant pnotein wag about Nr 43 000.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid peDNA3.1(+)-BmGAPDH has been constructed and the protein has been expressed correctly.

OBJECTIVETo study therapeutic effects between hook plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSForty patients with fresh acromioclavicular joint dislocations of type III according to Rockwood classification were reviewed. All the patients were divided into two groups: hook plate fixation group and modified surgery group. There were 20 patients in hook plate fixation group, including 13 males and 7 females, with an average age of (37.45 +/- 14.29) years old; 12 patients had injuries in the left and 8 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 40.75 +/- 10.40. And there were 20 patients in modified surgery group,including 11 males and 9 females, with an average age of (41.65 +/- 14.83) years old; 11 patients had injuries in the left and 9 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 42.75 +/- 8.18. The Lazzcano standard, Constant-Murley score and imaging changes were used to evaluate shoulder joint function before and after surgery.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 7 to 32 months,with an average of 24 months. According to Lazzcano evaluation, 16 patients got an excellent result,3 good and 1 poor in modified surgery group with no re-dislocation, and 1 patient had pain more than middle degree; while in hook plate fixation group, 9 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 4 poor, 1 patient had re-dislocation, and 3 patients got pain more than middle degree. The therapeutic effects of modified surgery group were better than those of hook plate fixation group. Constant-Murley scores:preoperative 42.75 +/- 8.18 vs 93.40 +/- 4.04 at the latest follow-up in modified surgery group; preoperative 40.75 +/- 10.40 vs postoperative 88.40 +/- 4.81 and 92.05 +/- 4.49 at the latest follow-up in hook plate fixation group. The postoperative scores all improved compared to preoperative scores in two groups. And there was no statistical difference of scores at the latest follow-up between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe surgery of allograft tendon transplantation combined with anchor fixation to strengthen coracoclavicular ligament, as well as part transposition of acromiocoracoid ligament and resection at the distal part of clavicle may got safety fixation and less postoperative complications compared with hook plate internal fixation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Studies concerning the association between arsenic exposure and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been lacking.The present study aimed to examine the association between total urinary arsenic (TUA) and infection of HBV.A total of 5186 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 were included in the analysis.We used logistic regression to evaluate the association.We defined two measures of TUA.TUA1 was the sum of arsenous acid,arsenicacid,monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsenic acid.TUA2 was defined as TUA minus arsenobetaine and arsenocholine.The results showed that the weighted overall prevalence of HBV infection was 6.08％.For NHANES 2003-2014,the medians (interquartile range) of TUA1 and TUA2 were 5.60 μg/L (3.97-8.09 μg/L) and 4.91 μg/L (2.36-9.11 μg/L),respectively.Comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile after multivariable adjustment showed that the odds ratios (ORs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) for TUA1 and TUA2 were 2.44 (1.40-4.27) and 2.84 (1.60-5.05),respectively.In conclusion,elevated urinary arsenic was associated with the risk of HBV infection.Further studies,especially prospective studies,are needed to confirm the causal relationship between arsenic exposure and HBV infection.

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of rhoassociated coiled coil forming protein kinase 2 (Rock2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA in acute asthma and the effect of glucocorticoid intervention on the Rock2 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in rats.

METHODSForty-eight male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 each): asthma, control, dexamethasone treated (DXM) and budesonide treated (BUD). Rat model of asthma was prepared by the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. The animals were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last challenge. The total cell number and differentiation cell number were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The protein expression of Rock2 was ascertained by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 was ascertained by hybridization in situ.

RESULTSThe pathological changes in the BUD and the DXM groups were alleviated when compared with the asthma group. The total cell number and the percentage of eosinophil (EOS), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes (Lym) in BALF in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of macrophage (Mф) in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total cell number and the percentage of EOS and Lym in BALF in the DXM and the BUD groups decreased, while the percentage of Mф increased significantly compared with those in the asthma group (P<0.01). The Rock2 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in lung tissues in the asthma group increased significantly compared with those in the control, BUD and DXM groups, while there were no significant differences in the Rock2 expression and TGF-β1 mRNA expression between the DXM or BUD group and the control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of Rock2 and TGF-β1 mRNA in lung tissues is increased in rats with acute asthma. Glucocorticoids can significantly decrease the expression of Rock2 and TGF-β1 in lung tissues, thus alleviates airway inflammation.

Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; rho-Associated Kinases ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods of lesion localization and surgical treatment for non-palpable breast cancer, presented with only small calcification lesion on the images.

METHODSFrom November 2003 to August 2007, 61 patients with non-palpable lesion were finally pathologically diagnosed as early breast cancer (T1-2N0M0), based on the small calcification lesions shown by full field digital mammography (FFDM) through molybdenum target, and the rich blood supply shown by type-B ultrasonic examination. Accurate lesion-localization prior to surgical resection was conducted, and sample re-examination by FFDM was done after resection. Patients with single lesion underwent breast-conserving surgery, precise excision with the aid of image-guided wire localization, and stage I breast reconstruction was performed simultaneously using wide-based gland-tissue flap. Patients with multiple lesions received modified radical mastectomy.

RESULTSAmong the 50 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery, the accuracy of localization for lesions was 100% (50/50), and all lesions were excised completely with a negative margin proven by FFDM re-examination and pathological examination. The superior rate of mammaplasty was 86.0% (43/50) according to JCRT criteria, with a compliance difference of 1.5 cm. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 11 patients. The follow-up period in this series was from 6 to 58 months with a mean follow-up time of 39 months. Distant metastases were detected in only one patient and local recurrence was not observed yet.

CONCLUSIONLesion localization by FFDM in patients with non-palpable breast cancer is accurate and practical. In patients with single lesion, breast-conserving resection followed by synchronous stage I breast reconstruction with wide-based gland-tissue flap is appropriate.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mammography ; methods ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Palpation

OBJECTIVETo compare the curative effect, safety and survival of Nedaplatin combined with docetaxel and docetaxel alone as a second line treatment for advanced NSCLC.

METHODSFrom Sep 2005 to Mar 2009, fifty-eight patients with NSCLC treated in the Shanghai Chest Hospital who failed first-line chemotherapy and receiving docetaxel or docetaxel combined with nedaplatin were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank test. There were 20 patients in the combination group, and 38 in the single-agent group.

RESULTSThe PFS was 4.35 months for combination group and 4.0 months for single-agent group, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean survival time and 1-year survival rate were 13.5 months vs. 10.6 months and 29.0% vs. 22.0%, respectively, with no significant difference. The Hematological toxicity in the combination group was higher than that in the single-agent group, 15.0% vs. 10.5% (P = 0.003), and no renal toxicity was noted in this study.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the treatment with docetaxel alone, Nedaplatin combined with docetaxel as a second line treatment for NSCLC has a better curative effect and acceptable toxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Vomiting ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVEThis article reports the design and application of a free reverse preauricular flap for one-stage reconstruction of nasal defects.

METHODSA preauricular flap was designed according to the nasal defect, which was harvested with the reverse superficial temporal vessels as its vascular pedicle. The flap size ranged from 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm to 6 cm x 2 cm without any hair-bearing skin. In flap transferring, its pedicle of the superficial temporal vessels was anastomosed with the facial vessels in the nasolabial fold.

RESULTSThe flap survived uneventfully in these three patients. The defects in the distal nose were reconstructed with satisfactory results. The donor site scar was similar to that of face-lift incision.

CONCLUSIONSThis is the first report of clinical applications of the free reverse preauricular flap by microsurgical technique. Microsurgical technique allows successful transfer of this flap in a one-stage procedure. Because of its similar color and texture to the facial skin, this flap provides excellent tissues for coverage of the nasal defect. This technique may have even wider applications for other facial cutaneous defects.

Adult ; Ear, External ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Temporal Arteries ; surgery ; Young Adult