Background As a newly developed refractive surgery,femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) receives more and more attention.Changes in ocular stray light after femtosecond LASIK is an important problem that impacts visual quality.Some relevant research has been performed before,but the outcomes are conflicting.Objective This primary study was to investigate the change of stray light values before and after femtosecond LASIK and analyze the relevant factors underlying the change.Methods Clinical data from 109 eyes of 55 myopic patients who underwent femtosecond LASIK in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December,2010 through February,2011 were included in this study.Stray light values were measured and recorded by C-Quant stray light meter preoperatively,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months postoperatively.The stray light data were compared by repeated measures ANOVA,and the correlations among the stray light values with preoperative factors,such as age,equivalent sphere,pupil diameter and central corneal thickness(CCT),as well as with postoperative factors,such as residual bed thickness(RBT),RBT/CCT,ablation depth,ablation ratio,flap thickness,flap diameter flap base width and exiting energy,were analyzed statistically.Written informed consent was obtained from each individual at initial of this study.Results The stray light values were 0.90±0.19,1.10±0.19,1.02±0.18,0.96±0.16 and 0.94±0.15 pre-operation,and 1 day,1 week,1 month and 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.The stray light values increased significantly 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after surgery,showing significant differences among the various time points (F=17.699,P=0.000).The mean stray light value was higher in 1 week than that in 6 months after operation (t=2.412,P=0.017).No significant differences were found in the stray light values between 6 months and 1 month or pre-operation (t =0.779,P =0.437 ; t =-1.877,P =0.062).No significant correlations were seen between preoperative and postoperative stray light values with age,preoperative refractive diopter,pupil diameter or CCT (P＞0.05).The changes in stray light values 1 week,1 month and 6 months after surgery were negatively correlated with ablation depth(r=-0.226,-0.228,-0.241 ;P＜0.05) and ablation ratio(r =-0.149,-0.219,-0.255 ;P＜0.05).Conclusions Stray light values increase within 1 month and return to normal 6 months after femtosecond LASIK.Stray light values may be related to multiple setting laser parameters and factors during femtosecond LASIK.

Slow transit constipation(STC)is the common type of chronic idiopathic constipation. Due to failure of routine conservative treatment, laxatives abuse is the most choice for majority of the patients, which could damage the enteric nervous system and result in aggravation of constipation. Resection of the slow transit colon is the ultimate option for some patients. It is hard to prevent and treat STC clinically because of the unknown pathophysiologic mechanism. Abnormalities of enteric neurotransmitters such as VIP, SP, NOS and decreased number of interstitial cells of Cajal have been described in the colon of the patients with STC. However, long term application of stimulant laxatives can also result in the almost same changes in the colon. Exploration of the potential relationship among the above reported abnormalities is the direction of future study.
Constipation ; physiopathology ; Enteric Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; physiology ; Humans ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of two different circumcision procedures with the Shang Ring and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

METHODSA total of 527 adult males with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent Shang Ring circumcision by conventional outward replacement (n = 254) and inward placement (n = 273), respectively. We observed the in-ring nocturnal pain, complications, ring-removal pain, degree of edema, recovery time, and patients' satisfaction after surgery, and compared them between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the conventional outward placement (5.9%) of the Shang Ring, the inward placement method showed the advantages of mild in-ring nocturnal pain, a low complication rate, significantly reduced ring-removal pain, and mild edema, but exhibited longer healing time.

CONCLUSIONIn Shang Ring circumcision for phimosis and redundant prepuce in adult males, each of the outward and inward placement methods has advantages and disadvantages of its own, but the latter is more advantageous and feasible.

Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Edema ; etiology ; Foreskin ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Prostheses and Implants ; Wound Healing

Objective To clone and express the encoding sequence of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)from periodic Brugia molayi(Bm).Methods Total RNA was extraeted from periodic Brugic malayi.The BmGAPDH gene was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was cloned and then subeloned into pcDNA3.1(+)vector.The recombinant plasmids were screened and identified by digestion with restriction enzyme and PCR amplification,and were transformed into COS-7 cell subsequently.The expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE.Results BmGAPDH mRNA was highiy expressed in transfected COS-7 cell.The deduced amino acid sequence was identical with that of BmGAPDH.The recombinant pnotein wag about Nr 43 000.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid peDNA3.1(+)-BmGAPDH has been constructed and the protein has been expressed correctly.

OBJECTIVETo study therapeutic effects between hook plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSForty patients with fresh acromioclavicular joint dislocations of type III according to Rockwood classification were reviewed. All the patients were divided into two groups: hook plate fixation group and modified surgery group. There were 20 patients in hook plate fixation group, including 13 males and 7 females, with an average age of (37.45 +/- 14.29) years old; 12 patients had injuries in the left and 8 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 40.75 +/- 10.40. And there were 20 patients in modified surgery group,including 11 males and 9 females, with an average age of (41.65 +/- 14.83) years old; 11 patients had injuries in the left and 9 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 42.75 +/- 8.18. The Lazzcano standard, Constant-Murley score and imaging changes were used to evaluate shoulder joint function before and after surgery.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 7 to 32 months,with an average of 24 months. According to Lazzcano evaluation, 16 patients got an excellent result,3 good and 1 poor in modified surgery group with no re-dislocation, and 1 patient had pain more than middle degree; while in hook plate fixation group, 9 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 4 poor, 1 patient had re-dislocation, and 3 patients got pain more than middle degree. The therapeutic effects of modified surgery group were better than those of hook plate fixation group. Constant-Murley scores:preoperative 42.75 +/- 8.18 vs 93.40 +/- 4.04 at the latest follow-up in modified surgery group; preoperative 40.75 +/- 10.40 vs postoperative 88.40 +/- 4.81 and 92.05 +/- 4.49 at the latest follow-up in hook plate fixation group. The postoperative scores all improved compared to preoperative scores in two groups. And there was no statistical difference of scores at the latest follow-up between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe surgery of allograft tendon transplantation combined with anchor fixation to strengthen coracoclavicular ligament, as well as part transposition of acromiocoracoid ligament and resection at the distal part of clavicle may got safety fixation and less postoperative complications compared with hook plate internal fixation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Studies concerning the association between arsenic exposure and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been lacking.The present study aimed to examine the association between total urinary arsenic (TUA) and infection of HBV.A total of 5186 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 were included in the analysis.We used logistic regression to evaluate the association.We defined two measures of TUA.TUA1 was the sum of arsenous acid,arsenicacid,monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsenic acid.TUA2 was defined as TUA minus arsenobetaine and arsenocholine.The results showed that the weighted overall prevalence of HBV infection was 6.08％.For NHANES 2003-2014,the medians (interquartile range) of TUA1 and TUA2 were 5.60 μg/L (3.97-8.09 μg/L) and 4.91 μg/L (2.36-9.11 μg/L),respectively.Comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile after multivariable adjustment showed that the odds ratios (ORs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) for TUA1 and TUA2 were 2.44 (1.40-4.27) and 2.84 (1.60-5.05),respectively.In conclusion,elevated urinary arsenic was associated with the risk of HBV infection.Further studies,especially prospective studies,are needed to confirm the causal relationship between arsenic exposure and HBV infection.

OBJECTIVESlow transit constipation (STC) is a colonic motor disorder whose etiology remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated a crucial role for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in regulation of intestinal motility. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of ICC within the normal sigmoid colon and STC patients.

METHODSTwelve patients with STC and eight age-matched controls were studied. ICC were identified with a monoclonal antibody to c-kit by an indirect immunofluorescence method. Immunostained tissues were examined with a laser scanning confocal microscope and the area occupied by ICC was calculated with image analysis software.

RESULTSICC were located in the external muscle layers including longitudinal muscle (LM), myenteric plexus (MP), circular muscle (CM) and submucosal border (SMB). Two types of Kit-positive ICC were observed: bipolar cells characterized by one or two long processes, and multipolar cells with long stellate processes extending in various directions. A higher percentage of ICC was present in the MP regions and CM layers compared with the SMB and LM layers. Tissues from STC patients showed considerably decreased in number of ICC located in the four regions (ICC-LM, ICC-MP, ICC-CM, ICC-SMP), especially for ICC-SMP, almost completely disappeared.

CONCLUSIONDecreased c-kit + ICC in number may play an important role in the pathophysiology of STC. It remains to be determined whether loss of ICC is primary or secondary to another lesion.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Colon, Sigmoid ; pathology ; Constipation ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

reproducible, and may cover the major circulating strains in China.

Communication ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Organizations ; trends ; Patient Care ; Research

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of interlukin-10 (IL-10) on expression and secretion of collagen I, IV in rat's hepatic stellate cells (HSC) of livers injured by CCl4.

METHODThe adenovirus vector encoded IL-10 gene was used to transfect rats with liver injury via the caudal veins. HSC were isolated and purified from the rat livers by collagenase IV perfusion and density gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz. The expression of collagen I, IV mRNA in HSC was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method and the secretion of collagen I, IV in culture serum of HSC by ELISA method. The quantity of collagen was measured in the van Gieson stained histological liver preparations.

RESULTSThe expression and secretion of collagen I, IV in the adenovirus vector encoding IL-10 gene group were significantly lower than those in the adenovirus vector without IL-10 gene group and the control group (P < 0.05). The quantity of collagen in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONIL-10 can inhibit collagen I, IV expression and secretion in rat HSC.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Collagen Type IV ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-10 ; pharmacology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley