A method was proposed for the separation and determination of paraffin waxes in food by HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). A normal-phase column was used to separate nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components. The t-test method was adopted for the evaluation of mean difference between response factors of n-alkanes in paraffin waxes on ELSD detector. No mean difference was obtained between response factors, which can be used for quantitative determination of paraffin waxes in food. The determination results obtained by HPLC-ELSD were compared with those by GC-MS. The linear range for the determination of paraffin waxes was in the range from 10 to 500 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988, and the limit of detection was 1.0 mg/L. With the spiking level of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg, the recovery ranged from 84.6% to 105.4% and the relative standard deviation ranging from 5.4% to 7.2%. The proposed method is simple, fast and sensitive.

Objective:To investigate the change of biological characteristics after stable knockdown of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3 (CMTM3)expression in PC3 by lentivirus shRNA and to reveal new therapeutic targets.Methods:The research includes two groups:sh393 is the experimental group in which CMTM3 is knocked down in PC3 cell line;shN is the control group in which CMTM3 is negatively knocked down.The expression of CMTM3 was detected by Western blot.The mi-gration ability of PC3 after stable knockdown was detected by Transwell and Wound healing assay.The invasion ability of PC3 was detected by Matrigel assay.Results were obtained from at least three indivi-dual experiments.Results:The expression of CMTM3 in sh393 group is significant lower than shN group (0.004 0 ±0.000 4 vs.0.490 0 ±0.055 7,P <0.001)detected by Western blot.It also had statistical significance in Matrigel assays (248.6 ±4.5 vs.113.0 ±3.3),Transwell (203.6 ±1.9 vs.103.0 ± 1.2)and Wound healing assays (95.0 ±2.9 vs.33.0 ±1.5)that knockdown of CMTM3 promoted mi-gration,and invasion of PC3 cells in vitro (P <0.001).Conclusion:Negative correlation exists between the stable knockdown of CMTM3 and change of biological characteristics in PC3 cells,and knocking down CMTM3 affects migration,and invasion ability in PC3 cells.

Objective:To investigate the expression of MEK/ERK signaling pathways in renal cell car-cinoma with bone metastasis,and to analyze the differences of expressions of VEGFR-2,MEK,ERK on the primary and metastasis tissue and its mechanism.Methods:The tissue samples were obtained from 7 renal cell carcinoma patients kindly provided by Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hos-pital from January 1,2009 to January 1,2010.The expression of MEK/ERK signaling pathways was de-tected in the 7 renal cell carcinoma patients`primary and matched metastatic tissues with ICH,The anti-body concentrations were 1 ∶200,1 ∶25,and 1 ∶250,respectively.The mutation of the twentieth exon of the PDGFRA gene,the second exon of the K-ras gene,the fifteenth exon of the Brafgene and the se-cond exon of the MEK1 gene were detected with PCR.Results:The expression intensities of VEGFR-2, MEK,and ERK were measured by H-score [intensity (1,2,3,or 4)multiplied by the distribution (%)].VEGFR-2,MEK,and ERK expressions were divided into 3 groups according to the positive dis-tribution of the tumor cells:1,0 -5%;2,6% -50%;and 3,>50%,To assess intratumor heteroge-neity,three distinct microscopic fields (×200)from each specimen were used to evaluate the expres-sions,Subsequently,the scores were averaged to obtain a single concatenated score for each tissue. VEGFR-2,MEK,and ERK expressions were assessed by 2 independent pathologists who were blinded to the clinicopathological data.The data were expressed as the mean value of the triplicate experiments.The expressions of MEK,and ERK were higher in the metastatic tissues than in the matched RCC tissues (6.10 ±4.10 vs.1.33 ±0.51,P =0.015;9.10 ±2.24 vs.4.43 ±2.84,P =0.021 )while the ex-pression of VEGFR-2 was not different between the primary and metastatic tissues (P =0.901).No mu-tation was detected on the twentieth exon of the PDGFRA gene,the second exon of the K-ras gene,the fifteenth exon of the Brafgene and the second exon of the MEK1 gene.Conclusion:MEK/ERK signa-ling pathways may play an important role in the metastasis and the resistance of sunitinib in RCC patients with bone metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo synthesize venlafaxine with an improved novel method.

METHODSp-methoxypheny lethyl-acid was reacted with SOCl(2) to produce acyl chloride which was reacted with N,N-dimethylamine solution to get amide; then through Ivanov reaction and reduction by KBH(4)/BF(3).Et(2)O to yield venlafaxine.

RESULTVenlafaxine was successfully synthesized by using this method with an yield rate of 50.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method is suitable for industrial production of venlafaxine.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation ; chemical synthesis ; Cyclohexanols ; chemical synthesis ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

OBJECTIVETo modify the synthetic method of fluvoxamine.

METHODSFluvoxamine was synthesized from 4-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile by the steps of Grignard reaction, hydrolysis and oximation.

RESULTThe chemical structure of the synthesized product was confirmed by (1)HNMR, and the total yield reached to 36.16%.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the synthetic route is practical.

Fluvoxamine ; chemical synthesis ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis

Canrenone is an important intermediate for the synthesis of eplerenone,a cardiovascular drug.C_ 11 ?-hydroxylation of canrenone is the key reaction,which can be done by microbial transformation.Rhizopus sp.SIPI-0602,kept in our lab,could high selectively transform canrenone to a compound named SIPI-11.By determining and analyzing the MS,UV,NMR etc.spectra of compound SIPI-11,its chemical structure was elucidated to be 11?-hydroxycanrenone.The study on flask transformation technology showed that the transformation ratio exceeded 90% when the substrate concentration was not more than 6g/L.

OBJECTIVETo synthesize epalrestat and to improve the method of synthesis.

METHODSGlycine reacted with carbondisulfide,then with ClCH(2)COONa to give 3-carboxymethylrhodanine. PhCHO reacted with CH(3)CH(2)CHO in NaOH/EtOH solution to produce 2-methylcinnamaldehyde.3-carboxymethylrhodanine and 2-methylcinnamaldehyde were treated with NH(3).H(2)O to obtain epalrestat.

RESULTThe described method was effective in synthesis of Epalrestat and the yield was higher than that of in references.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that this method is suitable for industrial production.

Aldehyde Reductase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; Rhodanine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; Thiazolidines

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effect between combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints and routine acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation for toothache.

METHODSEighty-five cases were randomly divided into a combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints group (group A, 43 cases) and a routine acupionts group (group B, 42 cases). In group A, according to the corresponding relationship between viscera-meridians and different kinds of teeth, the Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints at both sides of the corresponding meridians were sleeted. The group B was treated with acupuncture at Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Hegu (LI 4), erjian (LI 2), Neiting (ST 44). Yifeng (TE 17) and Fengchi (GB 20) were added for wind and fire attacking; Lidui (ST 45) and Quchi (LI 11) were added for intense stomach fire; Taixi (KI 3) and Zhaohai (KI 6) were added for deficiency fire flaming up. Electroacupuncture was applied in two groups, once every day, ten treatments constituted one course, the differences of effect and recurrence rate were observed after one course and half a year later.

RESULTSThe cured rate were respectively 88.4% (38/43)and 69.0% (29/42) in group A and group B, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The recurrence rates were respectively 23.7% (9/38) and 55.2% (16/29) in group A and group B, with a significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth short-term and long-term therapeutic effects of combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints are significantly better than those of routine acupoints in treating toothache.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toothache ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore a better method for treatment atrophic rhinitis.Methods 56 patients with atrophic rhinitis(96 lateral)were treated by nasal submucou pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap extracted from anterior wall of sinus maxillaries.Results All patients were followed 2 to 10 years,total effective rate was 100 %, with 49 cases(87.5 %)showing prominent effect.Conclusion The grafted flap cannot be assimilated,felled off and necrosis,because the flap has rich blood supply.This methods has obvious short-term effective and stable long-term effective.No complications were found.

The experimental SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (Con group),diabetic ulcer model group (DM group) and Celastrol group (Cel group).Except the control group,diabetic ulceration rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin along with skin scald.And then,each group was treated by spraying the saline solution on the affected skin with (Cel group) or without (Con group and DM group) Cel (q.d.×14 d).Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic analysis was applied to detect metabolic characteristics,accompanied by healing rate calculation and HE and Masson staining to study therapeutic effect of celastrol on accelerated healing of skin wounds of diabetic ulceration rats,which could be used to elucidate therapeutic effects of celastrol on the rat diabetic ulceration and its mechanism.The results showed that celastrol could induce epithelial regeneration of the rat ulcer wound,regulate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the distribution of collagen fibers,and promote the healing of the ulcer wound.About 20 endogenous potential differential metabolites were screened and identified by partial least square analysis.Metabolic pathway analysis was carried out to show that celastrol can significantly recovery the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle,promote its energy supply,accelerate the protein synthesis,improve mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress,and accelerate the self-repair ability of skin tissue.Celastrol can promote the healing of ulcers skins of the diabetic rats,which contribute to experimental basis of the drugs for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.