AlM: To investigate the influences of 577nm panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) on the retinal thickness of macular fovea on diabetic retinopathy ( DR) .METHODS:A total of 45 eyes of 37 cases suffering from preproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PPDR ) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) undergoing 577nm PRP were enrolled in this study. The alterations of the retinal thickness of macular fovea measured by optovue optical coherence tomography( OCT) before and 1, 3, 6mo following PRP were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS: The macularfoveal retinal thickness after 1, 3mo of PRP had significantly increased that before operation (P<0. 05). After 6mo postoperative follow-up, it gradually recovered to the level before PRP, with no significant difference (P>0. 05).CONCLUSlON: After the treatment of PRP, it appeared a transient increase on the retinal thickness of macular fovea, but after 6mo following-up, the macular foveal retinal thickness decreased nearly to the levels before PRP.

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Compared with the traditional organic fluorescent dyes, quantum dots present good biomarker characteristics. Especially, quantum dots for cell labeling and targeted bioimaging present unique optical properties.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with mononuclear macrophages.METHODS: The macrophages RAW264.7 were inoculated into 96-well plates containing 0, 50, 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for 1 or 2 hours. Then, the fluorescent signal was detected by flow cytometry. After 0-24 hours of culture,the fluorescence signal intensity of the macrophages cultured with 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was detected by flow cytometry. After 18 hours of culture, quantitative PCR was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages, and macrophage proliferation cell apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fluorescence signal intensity was positively correlated with the mass concentration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal was increased with the labeling time. After labeling using 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, the fluorescence signal of macrophages increased continuously with time, and reached the peak at 18 hours. Compared with 0 mg/L quantum dot group, 50, 100mg/L quantum dot groups could significantly promote the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).The level of tumor necrosis factor α in the 100 mg/L quantum dot group was higher than that in the 50 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.01). The expression of interleukin-1β showed no difference between 50 and 100 mg/L quantum dot groups.The cell proliferation in the 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dot groups was significantly higher than that in the 0 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the former two groups. In addition, 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots had no significant effect on apoptosis of macrophages. To conclude, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots could activate macrophages and promote their proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors, but did not affect their apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of PCNA and p27 in human benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (PCa) and their effect on the genesis and progression of the tumor.

METHODSThe paraffin-embedded sections of 30 cases with BPH and 37 cases with PCa were collected. The expression of p27 and PCNA protein were examined by S-P immunohistochemical method. Comparative analysis for BPH and pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa was performed.

RESULTSThe expression of PCNA in BPH (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in Pca (83.8%, P < 0.01). The expression of p27 in BPH (70.0%) was significantly higher than that in Pca (27.0%, P < 0.05). The expression of p27 was not correlated with histological grade and clinical stage in Pca (P > 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between p27 and PCNA expression in BPH (P < 0.01), while no correlation was found in Pca (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe loss or decreased expression of p27 protein may be related to the genesis of benign prostate hypertrophy, but not to the development of prostate carcinoma; the overexpression of PCNA may play an important role in the malignant behavior and progression of prostate carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

Sixteen compounds have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Sophora dunnii through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prerarative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra data as phaseollidin (1), L-maackiain (2), 2-(2',4'-dihidroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy benzofuran (3), 8-demethyl-farrerol (4), liquiritigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-methylgenistein (7), 5-O-methyl genistein (8), 7,2',4'-trihydroxys-5-methoxy-isoflavanone (9), 7, 3', 4'-trihydroxy-isoflavanone (10), erythribyssin D (11), calycosin (12), trans-resveratrol (13), cis-resveratrol (14), stigmasterol (15), β-sitosterol (16). Among these, compounds 1-14 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chemical Fractionation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To establish a method for the quantitative determination of caffeic acid in Dongkuiguo (Fructus Malvae, Mongolian medicated herb) by RP-HPLC.Methods The procedure of RP-HPLC was performed on the chromatographic column of kromasil ODS C_(18) (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the mobile phase in the isocratic elution was methanol-1% acetic acid (18 to 82). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 330 nm, and the temperature was at 30 ℃.Results Coffeic acid showed a good linear relationship at a range from 0.0275 2 μg to 0.344 0 μg, and the average recovery was 98.85% (RSD=2.29%, n=6).Conclusion The result of the quantitative determination shows that the method is simple and accurate, which is suitable for the quantitative determination of caffeic acid in Dongkuiguo.

Objective:To investigate the effect of butyrate produced by bacterial metabolism on immune features of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs) and its potential mechanisms.Methods: BMDCs were prepared from bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice by being cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4.The expression of CD80,CD86,B7-DC and MHCⅡ on BMDCs and its pri-ming ability on the proliferation of OVA257-264 antigen specific CD8+T cell were analyzed by using Flow cytometry.The mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-12 in BMDCs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(q-PCR).Simultaneously,Griess reaction and Western blot was used for analyzing the levels of NO2-in BMDCs culture supernatant and the ERK phosphortylation in BMDCs respectivly.Results:Butyrate could decrease the levels of CD80,CD86,MHCⅡand B7-DC,and downregulate the capability of BMDCs in priming the proliferation of CD8+T cells.Furthermore,the secretions of IL-6,IL-12,NO2-and the phosphorylation of ERK were sup-pressed.Conclusion:Butyrate down-regulats the immune functions of BMDCs via inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in TLR 4 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shengdi injection on rat model of lung inflammation.

METHODThe rat model was established by intratrachea instillation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The total and different white blood cell counts in bronchoalvoelar lavage fluid (BALF) were performed and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), superoxide anion radical (O2-) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured, as well as pathologic change of pulmonary tissue was tested.

RESULTShengdi injection could depress the increasing of the amount of total white blood cells and neutrophils and inhibit the increasing of TNF-alpha, O2-, MPO caused by LPS, as well as relieve the pathologic change including Neutrophils infiltrating and mucous edema in tracheae after intravenous administration. While it did not show the effect on monocyte, and histological lesion of the lung tissue.

CONCLUSIONShengdi injection shows some anti-inflammatory effect in rat lung induced by LPS and it can be concluded tentatively that anti-inflammatory, inhibiting the release of cytokine and inflammatory medium, and antioxidation are some of the mechanism of its effect on COPD.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Cytokines ; secretion ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; pathology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pneumonia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; Superoxides ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of G-CSF on the proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle distribution of thymocytes in sublethally irradiated mice. Female BALB/c mice were exposed to 6.0 Gy γ-ray irradiation and then randomly divided into control and G-CSF treatment group. In the treatment group rhG-CSF 100 µg/(kg·d) was given subcutaneously for 14 continuous days and to make sure the first injection was given within 1 hour after irradiation. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of thymocytes were detected within 72 hours after irradiation. Subpopulations of CD4(-)CD8(-) cells and sequential changes in the distribution of CD4(+)CD8(+), CD8(+)CD4(-), CD8(-)CD4(+) cells were detected by a three-color flow cytometry during a four-weeks period after irradiation. The results showed that in G-CSF treatment group marked increase of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase (G-CSF vs control: 82.0 ± 5.0% vs 75.9 ± 2.8%) (p < 0.05) and a decrease of cells in S phase (G-CSF vs control: 10.2 ± 4.8% vs 15.7 ± 2.3%) (p < 0.05)could be observed as early as 6 hours after irradiation, but G-CSF seems have no evident effects on the cells in G(2)/M phase. G-CSF could also protect thymocytes against apoptosis. 6 and 12 hours after irradiation the apoptosis rates of thymic cells in G-CSF treatment group were 11.5 ± 2.4% and 15.5 ± 3.3% respectively, while in the control group the apoptosis rates were 16.5 ± 2.2% and 22.6 ± 0.7% respectively. Comparison between the two group demonstrated significant difference (p < 0.05). CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative thymocytes (DN)can be defined as DN1-4 according to their maturation. G-CSF treatment resulted in a significant increase in DN1 thymocytes and promoted their proliferation and differentiation to a more mature DN3 and DN4 stage. G-CSF could enhance the recovery of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes and mitigate their relapse during reconstitution. The percentage of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes in the G-CSF treatment group 28 days after irradiation was significantly higher than that of the control group (71.0 ± 6.3% vs 25.5 ± 6.3%) (p < 0.05). It is concluded that G-CSF has a positive effects on the thymic cell cycle distribution, proliferation and differentiation, which may contribute to the reconstitution of central immune system after acute irradiation.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; therapy ; Thymus Gland ; cytology

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy often results in potentially life-threatening side effects including hypotension. However, the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In order to determine whether IL-2 modifies vascular tone, we investigated the effect of IL-2 on rat thoracic aorta rings and the underlying mechanisms. Effects of IL-2 on the contraction of high KCl and phenylephrine (PE) preconstricted rat thoracic aorta with or without endothelium were determined by organ bath technique. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor methylene blue, and cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin were used. IL-2 (10-1000 U/ml) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of aorta rings preconstricted with PE (10 micromol/L) in endothelium-intact rings, but had no effect on KCl (120 mmol/L) preconstricted rings. Removal of the endothelium, or pretreatment with L-NAME (0.1 mmol/L) or methylene blue (10 micromol/L) or indomethacin (10 micromol/L), inhibited the relaxation of IL-2. The results indicate that the relaxation by IL-2 in rat aorta ring is endothelium-dependent and is possibly mediated by the NO-guanylyl cyclase pathway and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; pharmacology ; Guanylate Cyclase ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology