Exosome is a self-secreted phospholipid bilayer nanovesicles, and has shown great potential in drug delivery field due to the important advantages of low immunogenicity and homologous targeting. Phototherapy, mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), utilize light to activate photoactive drug for tumor cell killing. The advanced therapeutic strategy shows low toxic side-effect and non-invasion precise advantages, and thus has made great progress in tumor treatment over the past few years. Therefore, using exosomes as a drug delivery system to deliver phototherapeutic agents can improve therapeutic performances with a reduced side-effect, and further enhance their application potential for clinical tumor therapy. This review focus on the rising cross-subjects field involving exosomes and phototherapy, and mainly introduce the research progress and relative case of exosomes-based delivery system for cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of exosome-based phototherapy are also discussed and proposed.

OBJECTIVE To promote the management of nosocomial infections continuous improvement in the clinical and medical technology department.METHODS According to the regulation of nosocomial infections management,a handbook of nosocomial infections management for clinical and medical technology department was designed,and the monitors of nosocomial infection could perform real time inspection and record according require of the handbook.The department of nosocomial infections management examined the monitoring work of clinical and medical technology department every month and summarized every year,and the results were internalized to the valuation of medical quality management.RESULTS After 3 years of the usage of the handbook,the capability of the monitor groups of nosocomial infection and the quality of the all monitoring items were significantly improved;the qualified rates were all above 96.30%.CONCLUSIONS The handbook of nosocomial infections management is useful to improve the quality of nosocomial infections management in the clinical and medical technology department.

Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; chemistry ; Female ; Group II Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group IV Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group V Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group X Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic efficacy of unilateral multiple channels approach in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

METHODSA retrospective review (from March 2003 to October 2012) was conducted on 685 consecutive patients, a total of 885 vertebrae were involved. Eighty-two cases (99 vertebrae) with bone cement leakage when less than 0.3 ml bone cement was injected to fill the fracture were given PVP procedure by unilateral multiple channels approach. 38 cases were male (45 vertebrae) and 44 cases were female (54 vertebrae). The average age was 75.4 years old (from 69 to 92). The operation time, amount of injected bone cement and complications were recorded. Rate of excellent and good outcomes was studied by measuring the cement distribution on the X-ray film. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) system were used to evaluate the pain relief and improvement of daily activity function respectively at preoperation and 1 hour, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.

RESULTSAll these ninety-nine vertebrae were treated in 82 cases with PVP of unilateral multiple channels approach. The average operation time was 33 minutes. The rate of excellent and good outcomes of cement distribution was 98.8%. The VAS score was (8.40 +/- 0.73) before surgery,and (2.50 +/- 0.43), (2.00 +/- 0.33), (1.80 +/- 0.28), (2.10 +/- 0.17) at 1 hour, 1 month,3 months and 6 months respectively after operation. ODI was (40.94 +/- 2.72) before surgery, (9.64 +/- 2.60) at 1 month after surgery, (8.52 +/- 2.30) at 3 months after surgery and (7.77 +/- 2.15) at the final follow-up. The differences of the VAS and ODI between pre-operation and post-operation had statistical significance (P<0.01). No spine or nerve injuries occurred intraoperatively.

CONCLUSIONThe unilateral multiple channels approach in percutaneous vertebroplasty can obviously relieve the pain and effectively improve the functional activity, provide a satisfied cement distribution in vertebral body with cement leakage after a small amount infusion.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty

Anal Canal ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colon, Sigmoid ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Rectum ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of dendritic cells modified by sCD41)gene on T lymphocytes phenotypes and cytokines production and the mechanism of inducing donor-specific immune tolerance in vitro.Methods T lymphocytes prepared with Nylon Fiber Column from Balb/c mice(as reaction cells)and DCs of different groups(as stimulation cells)were subjected to primary mixed lymphocyte culture(MLC).After incubation for 7 days,the responsiveness of the cells was de- tected by MTS method at the indicated time points,and supernatants were assayed for IFN-?,IL-2, IL-4,IL-10 by ELISA kits.On the day 5,the cultured cells were assessed for the expression of CD4, CDS,CD25 and CD69 by using flow cytometry(FCM).After secondary MLC for 5 days,the same indexes were assayed hy using the same methods.Results Dendritic cells modified by sCD40 could in- duce the hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen in primary and secondary MLC.In primary MLC,the ex- pression of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells and CD4~+ CD25~+,CD8~+ CD25~+,CD4~+ CD69~+,CD8~+ CD69~+ T cells in IX;modified by sCD40 group were less than those in control group(P

Introduction:Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus thermal ablation has been widely used recently in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to compare results of the combination of TACE and percutaneous thermal ablation with those of hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Methods:The clinical data of 137 HCC patients who sequentially received TACE and computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous thermal ablation as an initial curative treatment (combination group) and 148 matched HCC patients who received hepatectomy (surgery group) between 2004 and 2011 were collected and analyzed. After TACE, multiphase contrast-enhanced CT was performed to identify the total number of tumors as well as lipiodol deposition in the liver. Survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by using the log-rank test. The prognostic factors were assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results:Of all 285 patients, 225 (79.0%) had cancerous lesions≤5 cm in diameter. In preoperative contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging, the number of tumors was 1–4 for each patient. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overal survival rates were 95, 74%, and 67%in the combination group and 88, 66, and 47%in the surgery group, respectively (P=0.004);the corresponding recurrence-free survival rates for the two groups were 92, 69, and 61%and 75, 58, and 44%, respectively (P=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, treatment al ocation was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Only 60 patients in the combination group had sufficient imaging data, and 135 new lesions with lipiodol deposition were diagnosed as malignancies in 22 of 60 patients, whereas 20 new lesions were found in 11 of 148 patients in the surgery group. Conclusion:The combination of TACE and CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation for HCC improves survival of HCC patients compared with hepatectomy.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell

A new teaching method was developed in the curriculum of Harmful Microorganisms Control Technology.It is characterized by students’ self-learning followed by student’s instruction.Both students and teacher have succeeded in this model after four stages of practice,in which a pleasant learning atmosphere was created in the classroom.An effective interaction between teacher and students was achieved.Students are viewed as main objects in the classroom and they are encouraged to ask questions,to formulate their own ideas,or to find things out for themselves.Thus,students’ abilities including presentation,communication,competition,and cooperation were enhanced.By adapting their role to the new teaching method,teachers have also improved their teaching skill and strategies.

Objective To introduce a new spinal surgery navigation system based on structured light scanning(structured light navigation system,SLNS),and to compare accuracy of pedicle screw placement using SLNS,CT based navigation system and free hand technique.Methods Thirty-two calf vertebral pedicles,40 and 32 were placed with pedicle screws using SLNS,CT navigation system,and free hand technique,respectively.The pedicle breakage ratio,transverse section angle (TSA),sagittal section angle (SSA),screw offset deviation of each screw were detected according to CT images.Results The pedicle breakage ratio of pedicle screws in SLNS group,CT navigation group and free hand group were 6%(2./32),5%(2/40),25%(8/32),respectively.The difference between each of the two navigation groups and free hand group were statistically significant regarding frequency of screw misplacement.The difference between the two navigation systems was not obvious.The average SSA error and TSA error in SLNS group were 2.58°±2.74° and 4.26°±5.20°.For CT navigation group,they were 2.95°±2.61° and 3.13°±-2.75°.There was no statistical difference between the two navigation methods for the SSA or TSA error.There was no statistical difference in offset deviation among SLNS group,CT navigation group and free hand group.Conclusion The SLNS is a new and practical navigation system,which has similar accuracy with CT navigation system.