Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; growth & development ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective: To analyze the death among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 and 2021, so as to provide insights into reduction of mortality among children. Methods: The mortality surveillance data among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from Children Death Report Cards and Surveillance Report among Children under 5 Years of Age, including gender, place of residence, date of death and death diagnosis. The trends in mortality and cause of death were analyzed among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021. Results: A total of 1 262 deaths occurred among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, with mean annual mortality of 4.39‰, and the mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline (χ2trend=132.695, P<0.001). A total of 899 infants died, with mean annual mortality of 3.13‰, and 363 children at ages of 1 to <5 years died, with mean annual mortality of 1.26‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both infants (χ2trend=117.778, P<0.001) and children at ages of 1 to <5 years (χ2trend=19.201, P<0.001). A total of 724 local children died, with mean annual mortality of 3.33‰, and there were 538 deaths among floating children, with mean annual mortality of 7.65‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both local (χ2trend=43.728, P<0.001) and floating children (χ2trend=94.038, P<0.001). The five most common causes of death included preterm birth or low birth weight (207 deaths, 16.40%), drowning (155 deaths, 12.28%), accidental asphyxia (138 deaths, 10.94%), other congenital abnormalities (126 deaths, 9.98%), and congenital heart diseases (113 deaths, 8.95%). Conclusions The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and preterm birth or low birth weight was the predominant cause of death.

Objective To evaluate factors associated with mechanical ventilation in infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery with pulmonary hypertension.Methods 161 Children who were ≤36 months of age, had congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension, and had been treated at our hospital between October 2011 and April 2013 were included in this retrospective study.Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to analyse the independent risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV).Results The average of MV time was 40.9 h, the independent risk factors for MV were cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time (P =0.020), risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease (RACHS-1) (P =0.014) ,low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS) (P ＜0.001), ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) (P =0.001) and postoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The present results suggest that CPB time,RACHS-1 score, LCOS, VAP and postoperative sPAP can significantly affect the MV time in infants and young children with pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery.

Objective To discuss the image characters and the technical manipulation of endovascular embolization for cerebral AVM with bleeding. Methods The cerebral AVMs with bleeding in 56 cases were confirmed by CT, MRI, and whole cerebral DSA. Depended on the nidus of AVM, the superselective endovascular embolization with NBCA or embolization combined with radiological surgery was chosen. Results The nidus was eliminated for 100% in 36 cases after embolization for 1 to 3 processes. The rebleeding was found in 2 cases with new growth and survival aneurysm in nidus during the follow-up period and treatment with X-knife, and was cured by the second embolization. Conclusion The main causes of AVM bleeding included aneurysm and aneurysm-like dilation beside and located at the nidus, fine draining veins, and growth in the ventricles. To prevent the brain from bleeding, it is favourable to eliminate the aneurysm in AVM during embolization.

0.05).Some waves(N2,P3,N3) were even absent in children with TS and mental retardation.Statistical analysis indicated that the differences were significant(all P0.05).Conclusion The functional deficit in TS was localized prominently in cerebral cortex and subcortex,and the changes of SEP were almost same marked on both sides.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of inactive schistosome ova on trinitrobenzesulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and its mechanism.Methods Murine colitis was induced by administration of 3 mg of TNBS.Sixty mice were divided into control group(n=20),treatment group(n=20)and model group(n=20).Ten thousand frozen inactive schistosome ova were intraperitoneal injected at 14th and third day before TNBS induction in treatment group.The mice in model group were intraperitoneaUy injected with saline. All survival mice were killed at 7th day and mortality rate was calculated and morphological and pathological changes were eveluated.Expression of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ at colon tissue and serum were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA,respectively.Results The mortality rate in treatment group was lower than that in model group(20%vs 50%,P＜0.05)and the colonic inflammation alleviated(Ameho-criteria score:1.58±0.5 vs 4.18±0.8,P＜0.05)compared with the model group.Meanwhile,compared with model group,the expression of interferon-γ was decreased[serum:(48.33±16.59)pg/ml vs(29.79±6.97)pg/ml,colon tissue:2.31±1.08 vs 7.23±3.52 P＜0.05]and interleukin-10 was increased significantly[serum:(28.87±5.74)pg/ml vs(38.22±9.96)pg/ml,colon tissue:3.68±1.58 vs 7.44±3.04 P＜0.05]in treatment group.Conclusions IntraDeritonealy injection of inactive schistosome ova can alleviate inflammation of TNBS-induced colitis in mice,which may be the result of increased IL-10 and decreased IFN-γ expression in colon and serum.

Objective To establish a nerve stem cell model possessing the potentiality of differentiating intoγ-aminobutyric acid neuron-like cells(GABAergic-like cells),and provide eligible investigative vector for study on GABAergic neurons degenerative diseases. Methods Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP)was applied to induce human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,and the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP),0.3 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,0.6 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group,1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group and 2.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group;the morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were observed.The Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software was used to measure the length of neurites of the neuron-like cells, and the percentage of the SH-SY5Y cells with neurites longer than 30 μm was calculated. The immunofluorescence cytochemistry technique was utilized to test GAD65 positive cells,and the positive rate of immune response was calculated.Results The results of light microscope observation showed that the cells in control group were polygonal,circular or shuttle type with smooth membrane and clear boundaries. With the increasing of the concentrations of dbcAMP and the prolongation of time,the morphology of SH-SY5Y cells’bodies became smaller with longer processes in dbcAMP groups.The cells interwined each other and showed mature neuron phenotype in 1.0 mmol·L-1 dbcAMP group.Compared with control group(31.4%±4.2%),the percentages of the cell with neurites longer than 30 μm in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 2.0 dbcAMP groups (40.1%± 5.7%, 47.5%± 6.2%, 73.1%±3.2%,and 74.3%± 6.1%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group (10.2%± 2.1%), the GAD65 positive expression rates in 0.3, 0.6, 1.0,and 2.0 mmol·L-1,dbcAMP groups(22.1%±2.4%,46.9%±3.2%,70.7%±3.4%,and 72.3%±3.7%)72 h after induction were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The SH-SY5Y cells have the potentiality of differentiating into GABAergic-like cells, and 1.0 mmol · L-1 is the optimal concentration of dbcAMP.

Objective To observe the distribution of blood vessels in tibial metaphysis in ovariectomized and control mice by micro-CT(?CT),and investigate the relationship between bone regional blood supply and osteoporosis. MethodsForty mice were randomly divided into ovariectomy group(n=20) and control group(n=20).Four weeks after operation,?CT analysis was conducted to observe the bone blood vessel distribution after silicone rubber perfusion,and bone mineral density measurement,?CT bone microarchitecture analysis and biomechanical test were performed. Results Bone mineral density,bone microarchitecture in ?CT analysis,biomechanical properties and bone blood vessel distribution in ?CT analysis of ovariectomy group were significantly lower than those of control group(P

Objective To study the feasibility and indication of liver injury in children treated nonoperatively.Methods Ninteen(cases) with liver injury who underwent nonoperative management(NOM) were analyzed retrospectively.Patients with obvious trauma were reviewed.The main cause of trauma was due to traffic accident.Eleven cases(57.9%) had subcapsular hematoma and 8 cases(42.1%)had intrapararenchymatous hematoma.The treatment procedure included blood transfusion,hemostasis and monitoring the hemodynamic parameters.Results Seventeen cases(89.5%)were cured nonoperatively;2 cases underwent the operation later.Followed up for 10-24 months,patients were well recovered.Conclusions Most of cases with liver injury in children can be cured by NOM due to the physicalogical and anatomic features of children.During treatment,it is very important for the doctors to observe the vital signs closely,and(mana)-ge the combined injuries effectively and take regular imaging measurement.