Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the pillar for the development of motherland medicine, and animal medicine has a long history of application in China, characterized by wide resources, strong activity, definite efficacy, and great benefits. It has significant potential and important status in the consumption market of raw materials of TCM. In the context of global climate change, farming system alterations, and low renewability, the depletion of wild medicinal animal resources has accelerated. Accordingly, the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of animal medicinal materials has become a problem that garners increasing attention and urgently needs to be solved. This paper summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign medicinal animal breeding and research progress in industrial application in recent years and points out the issues related to standardized breeding, germplasm selection and breeding, and quality evaluation standards for medicinal animals. Furthermore, this paper discusses standardized breeding, quality standards, resource protection and utilization, and the search for alternative resources for rare and endangered medicinal animals. It proposes that researchers should systematically carry out in-depth basic research on animal medicine, improve the breeding scale and level of medicinal animals, employ modern technology to enhance the quality standards of medicinal materials, and strengthen the research and development of alternative resources. This approach aims to effectively address the relationship between protection and utilization and make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of medicinal animal resources and the animal-based Chinese medicinal material industry.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources

Objective: To explore the related factors of negative conversion time (NCT) of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 225 children who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 3^rd to May 31^st 2022 were enrolled in the study. The infection age, gender, viral load, basic disease, clinical symptoms and information of accompanying caregivers were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, the children were divided into<3 years of age group and 3-<18 years of age group. According to the viral nucleic acid test results, the children were divided into positive accompanying caregiver group and negative accompanying caregiver group. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Results: Among the 225 patients (120 boys and 105 girls) of age 2.8 (1.3, 6.2) years, 119 children <3 years and 106 children 3-<18 years of age, 19 cases were diagnosed with moderate COVID-19, and the other 206 cases were diagnosed with mild COVID-19. There were 141 patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group and 84 patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group.Patients 3-<18 years of age had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.7 (4, 9) d, Z=-4.17, P<0.001) compared with patients <3 years of age. Patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.6 (4, 9) d,Z=-2.89,P=0.004) compared with patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that anorexia was associated with NCT of nucleic acid (OR=3.74,95%CI 1.69-8.31, P=0.001). Conclusion: Accompanying caregiver with positive nucleic acid test may prolong NCT of nucleic acid, and decreased appetite may be associated with prolonged NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; COVID-19/genetics* ; Nucleic Acids ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To rapidly identify the chemical constituents in Xiao Chengqitang by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. Method:The method was established by the Waters CORTECS T3 column （2.1 mm×150 mm， 1.6 μm）， mobile phase was methanol （A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-5 min， 3%-21%A； 5-20 min， 21%-36%A； 20-32 min， 36%-50%A； 32-42 min， 50%-62%A； 42-50 min， 62%-85%A； 50-60 min， 85%-95%A）， the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min^-1， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was operated in positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was 100-1 200 with mode of Full MS/dd-MS²， and the collision energies were 20， 40 eV. The compounds were identified by comparing with reference substances and combining with literature reports and MS database information. Result:A total of 123 components were identified in Xiao Chengqitang， including 33 flavonoids， 25 anthraquinones and anthrones， 23 phenylpropanoids， 15 tannins， 10 nitrogen-containing components and 17 other components. Among them， 32 components were determined by reference substances. Conclusion:The material basis of Xiao Chengqitang is flavonoids， anthraquinones and anthrones， phenylpropanoids， which is derived from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， respectively.

Objective:To enable the low-seniority medical personnel having the ability of disposing of difficult airway properly by mastering the knowledge of basic airway management through Airway Management Simulation Training and using all kinds of airway treatment tools.Methods:The senior medical simulation training tutors were selected, and the Airway Management Simulation Training Project Team was formed to develop the training course. Through combination of video teaching and practice of simulated teaching forms, we taught 219 trainees the airway management training course. And the feasibility and effectiveness of the course were evaluated by KE's evaluation method.Results:The course of "oriental airway simulation training" was successfully developed, and the complete course package was delivered, including bilingual airway management trainee textbook, Airway Management Simulation Training tutor manual, standardized teaching video and so on. After this simulation training, students had a good grasp of airway management skills, and more than 90.86% of the students' skills assessment resulted in more than 80 points. The overall satisfaction of the students was more than 97%, and 99% participants said that the training helped them enhance their confidence in clinical treatment, and 98% participants said that the training should be promoted among medical staff.Conclusion:The course of "oriental airway simulation training" which is made up of the combination of airway technical training, correct clinical decision-making and reality simulation, has significantly improved the airway management skills, enhanced the self-confidence of low-seniority medical staffs and improved patients' safety.

The recent pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a great threat to global public health. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. It is important to establish a quick standard diagnostic test for the detection of the infectious disease (COVID-19) to prevent subsequent secondary spread. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is regarded as a gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections with high sensitivity and specificity. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification is considered to be a highly promising candidate method due to its fundamental advantage in quick procedure time at constant temperature without thermocycler opera-tion. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. This review summarizes the currently available detection methods for coronavirus nucleic acid. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coro-navirus infection.

To examine the feasibility of using a computer tool for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively examined 44 confirmed COVID-19 cases. All cases were evaluated separately by radiologists (visually) and through an in-house computer software. The degree of lesions was visually scored by the radiologist, as follows, for each of the 5 lung lobes:0, no lesion present;1,<1/3 involvement;2,>1/3 and<2/3 involvement;and 3,>2/3 involvement. Lesion density was assessed based on the proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and fibrosis of the lesions. The parameters obtained using the computer tool included lung volume (mL), lesion volume (mL), lesion percentage (％), and mean lesion density (HU) of the whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe. The scores obtained by the radiologists and quantitative results generated by the computer software were tested for correlation. A Chi-square test was used to test the consistency of radiologist- and computer-derived lesion percentage in the right/left lung, upper/lower lobe, and each of the 5 lobes. The results showed a strong to moderate correlation between lesion percentage scores obtained by radiologists and the computer software (r ranged from 0.7679 to 0.8373, P < 0.05), and a moderate correlation between the proportion of GGO and mean lesion density (r=-0.5894, P<0.05), and proportion of consolidation and mean lesion density (r=0.6282, P<0.05). Computer-aided quantification showed a statistical significant higher lesion percentage for lower lobes than that assessed by the radiologists (x2 = 8.160, P = 0.004). Our experiments demonstrated that the computer tool could reliably and accurately assess the severity and distribution of pneumonia on CT scans.

BACKGROUNDFew studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus (LN) are characteristic transcranial sonography (TCS) echo features in patients with primary dystonia. This study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal dystonia.

METHODScross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 2014 in 80 patients with different forms of primary focal dystonia and 55 neurologically normal control subjects. TCS was performed in patients and control subjects. Multiple comparisons of multiple rates were used to compare LN hyperechogenicity ratios between control and patient groups.

RESULTSThirteen individuals were excluded due to poor temporal bone windows, and two subjects were excluded due to disagreement in evaluation by sonologists. Totally, 70 patients (cervical dystonia, n = 30; blepharospasm, n = 30; oromandibular dystonia, n = 10) and 50 normal controls were included in the final analysis. LN hyperechogenicity was observed in 51% (36/70) of patients with primary focal dystonia, compared with 12% (6/50) of controls (P < 0.001). Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity did not differ between the two groups. LN hyperechogenicity was observed in 73% (22/30) of patients with cervical dystonia, a greater prevalence than in patients with blepharospasm (33%, 10/30, P = 0.002) and oromandibular dystonia (40%, 4/10, P = 0.126). LN hyperechogenicity was more frequently observed in patients with cervical dystonia compared with controls (73% vs. 12%, P < 0.001); however, no significant difference was detected in patients with blepharospasm (33% vs. 12%, P = 0.021) or oromandibular dystonia (40% vs. 12%, P = 0.088).

CONCLUSIONSLN hyperechogenicity is more frequently observed in patients with primary focal dystonia than in controls. It does not appear to be a characteristic TCS echo feature in patients with blepharospasm or oromandibular dystonia.

Adult ; Aged ; Blepharospasm ; diagnostic imaging ; Corpus Striatum ; diagnostic imaging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dystonic Disorders ; diagnostic imaging ; Echoencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To develop an analytical method for analyzing the unbound concentration of antofloxacin in human plasma .Methods A HPLC method was developed to determine the unbound concentration of antofloxacin in human plasma using ultra -centrifugation.The column was Alltima C18 (150 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm) with room temperature as the column temperature .The mobile phase was composed of 13:87 acetoni-trile-0.05 mol · L-1 phosphate buffer ( pH 3.0 ) with detection wave-length set at 293 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1 .The method was validated for specificity , precision and accuracy , recovery as well as stability.Results The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.08-5.49 μg· mL-1 .The intra-day and inter-day preci-sion evaluated at lower limit of quantification and quality control levels were within 2.78%-10.03%.The recoveries calculated for the anto-floxacin were within 92.09%-108.96%from spiked plasma ultrafiltrate samples.Conclusion The analytical method is quick , precise and accuracy and could be used in the analysis of unbound concentration of antofloxacin in plasma.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of ampiroxicam tablets in Chinese healthy subjects .Methods A randomized, open study was conducted.Twelve subjects were orally administrated with 27 mg ampiroxicam tablets, once a day for 11 days. The blood samples were collected on the 8th , 9th , and 10th day before ad-ministration.On the 11 th day, the blood and urine samples were collected at different time points after administration , and the concentrations of am-piroxicam in serum and urine were determinated by HPLC method . Results One subject exited on the 7th day.The main pharmacokinetics parameters of 11 subjects after oral doses for 11 days were as follows:Cmax were(8.14 ±2.81) mg? L-1; t1 /2β was (50.10 ±18.10 ) h; tmax was (5.60 ±4.10) h; AUC0 -∞ was (837.05 ±441.47 ) mg? h? L respectively.Urinary recovery rate was (0.55 ±0.51 )% from zero to 192 hours, respectively.Conclusion After multiple dosing, there was a very high trough concentration before dosing because of a very long half -life of ampiroxicam.Blood concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters are individually different, and little drug is excreted by kidney.