OBJECTIVETo explore the methods and therapeutic effects of trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation in the treatment of Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures.

METHODSFrom 2007 to 2010,9 patients including 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 40 years(ranging from 29 to 51 years). All patients received internal fixation of fibula after debridement on the first phase, external fixator were used to fix tibia across ankle joint, and removed after successful skin graft; The second phase tibia was used to fix through the lateral incision used in phase I. Early functional exercise was encouraged ,the union condition and functional results of the ankle joint was evealuated. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery was used to evaluate the effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up,and the duration ranged for 8 to 37 months(averaged 21 months). Nine patients were achieved bony union, the average healing time was 24 weeks. No plate rupture or screw loosening was found. According to the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery evaluation system, 3 cases got excellent results, 4 good cases and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONTrans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation for Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures can receive satisfactory reset, debond ankle joint eralier and imporove the clinical effects.

Adult ; Female ; Fibula ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibia ; Treatment Outcome

· AIM:To compare the effect of fixation and select the optimal fixation solution and condition for PAS staining of guinea pig eyes among three different fixation solution:4％ paraformaldehyde solution,4％ glutaraldehyde solution and Davidson solution.· METHODS:Totally 30 healthy guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups:Group Ⅰ-Ⅱ were fixed in 4％ paraformaldehyde solution and 4％ glutaraldehyde solution for 24h,respectively;Group Ⅲ-Ⅴ were fixed in Davidson solution for 3,6 and 24h,respectively;and Group Ⅵ were fixed in Davidson solution for 3h and then transferred into 10％ neutral formaldehyde solution for 48h.All groups were sectioned by routine section method and undergone PAS staining,and then observed by light microscope.· RESULTS:It was found that the group which was fixed by Davidson solution for 3h,remained the most complete structure for PAS staining (Group Ⅲ).While the effect of fixation for the group which was transferred into 10％ neutral formaldehyde solution for preserving for 48h after fixing in Davidson solution for 3h was also acceptable for PAS staining (Group Ⅵ).The retinal cells remained clear and in order for both groups which was mentioned above.· CONCLUSION:The best fixation condition for PAS staining for eyes of guinea pigs is fixation in Davidson solution for 3h among these fixation conditions,while it is also suitable to transfer the eyes into neutral formaldehyde solution after fixing in Davidson solution for 3h for preserving for long periods,which is not severely reduced the effect of fixation for PAS staining.

Objective To explorethe effect of Bailingcapsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) inrats withadenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis .Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis ani mal models were established and SDrats were dividedinto mo-del group (n=30) ,treatment group (n=30) andcontrol group(n=30) ,randomly .Experi mental rats were harvested at 7 w,12 w,17 wafter onset of experi ment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology ,i mmunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) ,transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and a-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) in kidneys at three ti me points mentioned above ,respectively .Results Compared with controlgroup ,24 h urinary proteinin model grouplost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three ti me points relative to controlgroup(P0 .05) rel-ative to control group.There was significant difference at 12 wand 17 w(P

Objective To explore the effect of Bailing capsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) in rats with adenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis animal models were established and SD rats were divided into mo-del group ( n = 30), treatment group ( n = 30) and control group( n = 30), randomly. Experimental rats were harvested at 7 w, 12 w,17 w after onset of experiment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology, immunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidneys at three time points mentioned above, respectively. Results Compared with controlgroup, 24 h urinary protein in model group lost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three time points relative to controlgroup ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Urinary NAG in model group was markedly higher than that in control group from 7 w after onset (P ＜ 0.01 ) andwas increasingly raised at 12 w and 17 w (P＜0.01). The value of blood BUN and Cr in model group increased at 7 w (P＞0.05) rel-ative to control group. There was significant difference at 12 w and 17.w (P ＜ 0.01 ). Histologically, kidneys in model group, at 7 w,exhibited tubular casts and gently tubular dilation, granuloma in cortex, mononuclear cells infiltration in tubulointerstitial areas, andmild interstitial fibrosis. At 12 w, the degree of tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis gradually aggravated. Up to 17 w, diffusetubular dilation or atrophy was observed and focal tubules disappear. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was exhibited. In normal kidneys, im-munohistochemistry suggested that the light expression of BMP-7 was detected in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells and marked ex-pression was identified in distal tubule, collecting duct, and renal tubular epithelial in junction area between cortex and medulla. How-ever, the expression of BMP-7 in kidneys of model group significantly decreased with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and was nega-tive correlation with the expression of TGF-β1(r = -0. 981 P＜0.01) and α-SMA (r= -0.975 P＜0.01). Bailing capsule ad-ministration protected the expression of BMP-7 and reduced TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression before 12 w(P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Ourstudy shows an anti-fibrotic reno-protective function of Bailing capsule in rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis via prevention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition at early stage. However, the beneficial effect lost with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Objective Previous studies showed that hypoxia preconditioning could protect cardiac function against subsequent myo-cardial infarction injury. However, the effect of hypoxia on left ventricular after myocardial infarction is still unclear. This study therefore aims to investigate the effects of hypoxia training on left ventricular remodeling in rabbits post myocardial infarction. Methods Adult male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group SO (sham operated), group MI (myocardial infarc-tion only) and group MI-HT (myocardial infarction plus hypoxia training). Myocardial infarction was induced by left ventricular branch ligation. Hypoxia training was performed in a hypobaric chamber (having equivalent condition at an altitude of 4000 m, FiO214.9%) for 1 h/day, 5 days/week for four weeks. At the endpoints, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the plasma was measured. Infarct size and capillary density were detected by histology. Left ventricular remodeling and function were as-sessed by echocardiography.Results After the 4-week experiment, compared with the group SO, plasma VEGF levels in groups MI (130.27 ± 18.58 pg/mL,P< 0.01) and MI-HT (181.93 ± 20.29 pg/mL,P< 0.01) were significantly increased. Infarct size in Group MI-HT (29.67% ± 7.73%) was deceased remarkably, while its capillary density (816.0 ± 122.2/mm2) was significantly increased. For both groups MI and MI-HT, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were increased whereas left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased. However, compared with group MI, group MI-HT diminished left ventricular end-diastolic (15.86 ± 1.09 mm,P< 0.05) and end-systolic dimensions (12.10 ± 1.20 mm,P< 0.01) significantly and im-proved left ventricular ejection fraction (54.39 ± 12.74 mm,P< 0.05).ConclusionHypoxia training may improve left ven-tricular function and reduce remodeling via angiogenesis in rabbits with MI.

OBJECTIVETo analyse the genetic characteristics of the capsid protein VP3-VP1 region of hepatitis A virus strains circulated in China.

METHODSThe nucleotide sequences of VP3-VP1-2A region of 42 HAV IgM positive serum samples were sequenced and analysed for nucleotide and amino acid identities and genetic characteristics of the VP3-VP1 region.

RESULTSThe nucleotide and amino acid identities in the VP1-2A junction region among the 42 strains were 89.1% - 100% and 97.3% - 100%; while in the complete VP3-VP1 region, the identities were 87.6%-100% and 98.8%-100%. Strains with identical nucleotide sequences in the VP1-2A junction region had 98.4%-100% nucleotide identity in the complete VP3-VP1 region and 0-2 amino acid differences in this region. There were no amino acid changes at neutralizing antigenetic sites of VP3-VP1 region within the 42 HAV strains.

CONCLUSIONAll the 42 HAV strains belonged to genotype I, with 40 strains clustering to sub-genotype IA and 2 to sub-genotype IB. Different HAV strains analysed in this paper differed in the nucleotide sequences of the VP3-VP1 region, but the amino acid sequences were highly conserved with no changes at neutralizing antigenetic sites. Both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the strains with the same VP1-2A junction region were identical or closely related when compared in the complete VP3-VP1 region.

Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jinlida on changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes in fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- mice.

METHODEight male C57BL/6J mice were selected in the normal group (NF), 40 male ApoE -/- mice were fed for 16 weeks, divided into the model group (HF), the rosiglitazone group ( LGLT), the Jinlida low-dose group (JLDL), the Jinlida medium-dose group (JLDM), the Jinlida high-dose group (JLDH) and then orally given drugs for 8 weeks. The organization free fatty acids, BCA protein concentration determination methods were used to determine the skeletal muscle FFA content. The Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR) and Western blot method were adopted to determine mRNA and protein expressions of mice fatty acids transposition enzyme (FAT/CD36), carnitine palm acyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxide proliferators-activated receptor α( PPAR α).

RESULTJinlida could decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and fasting insulin (FIns) and raise insulin sensitive index (ISI) in mice to varying degrees. It could also up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1 and PPARα, and down-regulate mRNA and protein levels of FAT/CD36.

CONCLUSIONJinlida can improve fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- in mice by adjusting the changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; CD36 Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dietary Fats ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism

To develop different methods for determining siRNA content and the entrapment efficiency of siRNA loaded liposomes, SYBR Gold electrophoresis method and Ribogreen fluorospectrophotometry method were used respectively. SYBR Gold electrophoresis method has a good linear relation in a range at 0.2-2.0 micromol x L(-1) (R = 0.9930), and the recovery at the high, middle and low concentrations were 96.35%, 96.92%, and 100.74%, respectively (n = 3). The intra-day and inter-day RSD were far below 5% (n = 5). Ribogreen fluorospectrophotometry method has a good linear relation in a range at 10-50 nmol x L(-1) (R = 0.9971), and the recovery at the high, middle and low concentrations were 98.22%, 99.88% and 99.64%, respectively (n = 3). The intra-day and inter-day RSD were far below 5% (n = 5). The content and the entrapment efficiency of three batches of siRNA cationic liposomes were 98.52%, 97.85% and 99.20%, 96.45%, respectively, with these two methods. And there is no significant difference by ANOVA. Both of the two methods are accurate, sensitive, convenient method for determination of the siRNA content and the entrapment efficiency of siRNA loaded cationic liposomes.
Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Electrophoresis ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; RNA, Small Interfering ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

OBJECTIVEA 12 mer phage display peptide library was used to identify hepatitis A virus mimotopes of antigenic determinants, to provide the feasibility of virus epitope mapping by using this approach.

METHODSUsing purified anti-hepatitis A virus monoclonal antibody as affinity selective molecule, phage display peptide library was biopanned and positive clones were selected by ELISA, competition assay and DNA sequencing.

RESULTS10 ELISA positive clones were chosen for DNA sequencing, and the displayed peptide sequences were deduced. 9 of them showed identical nucleotide sequence, and similarity in their amino acid sequence with VP1 of HAV HM175 was found, but no sequence homology was found between the other phage clone and the capsid proteins of HAV. Those peptides may behave as mimotopes of HAV.

CONCLUSIONThe mimotope of HAV was selected by using phage display peptide library screening. The results provide the potential of this method to search for the mimotopes of the virus.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Epitope Mapping ; Epitopes ; Hepatitis A ; virology ; Hepatitis A virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library

OBJECTIVETo establish a specific TaqMan-based Real-time PCR assay for the detection of hepatitis A virus in serum samples.

METHODSAccording to the references, primers-probe sets which were located in 5'-NCR, the most conservative part of HAV genome were designed and therefore we established a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay with great performance of specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility. And then it was used in the detection of HAV RNA in serum from HAV patients.

RESULTSThe HAV Real-time RT-PCR assay established in this study were able to detect HAV RNA and its detection limit ranged from 0.1CCID50/reaction to 0.01CCID50/reaction. When the detection of a same sample was repeated for three times, coefficients of varistion (CV) of intra- and inter-assay were calculated and they were all less than 2.0% and 2.6% respectively. Our data suggested that there were 5.18 x 10(2) - 4.93 x 10(7) RNA copies in 1 ml of the serum from acute HAV patients.

CONCLUSIONThe TaqMan-based Real-time PCR assay established in this study was specific and precise for the rapid detection of HAV RNA. It was applied successfully in the pathogen detection of clinical samples.

Hepatitis A virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods