Virtual Reality is just emerging as an accepted scientific discipline. It has been widely used in medicine. The major applications of virtual reality for medicine are introduced from three areas :virtual humans,the fusion of virtual humans with real humans and virtual telemedicine. The advanced graphics behind medical virtual reality,such as computational demands,hardware and software environments is briefly discussed. This article also gives a summary of existing distributed VR systems.

The virtual reality teaching system of human skeletal anatomy developed in this paper is based on the advanced personal computer and uses the stereo glasses of ELSA 3D REVELATOR, mouse and keyboard to make up the human-computer interface. Using this system, students can take apart and assemble the skeleton, grasp single bone to rotate and zoom, learn the human skeletal anatomy in a vivid environment, and thus know more about motion physiology.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; methods ; Depression ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Stroke ; complications

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the main functions of mesenchymal stem cels include direct participation in wound healing, growth factor secretion, promoting angiogenesis, immune regulation and inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, which can be used to treat a variety of acute and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review advances in mesenchymal stem cels in the inflammatory immunomodulation. METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles concerning advances in mesenchymal stem cels in the inflammatory immunomodulation published from January 2005 to August 2015. The search terms were “stem cels, mesenchymal stem cels, immune regulation, inflammation, immune cels, inflammatory factors, treatment” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 40 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Because of their immunomodulation and muti-directional differentiation, mesenchymal stem cels garner increasing attentions. In addition, mesenchymal stem cels can be harvested from different tissues and have goodin vitroamplification capability, which have a broad prospect in the clinical use, including tissue repair and anti-inflammation. As the most promising cels used clinicaly, mesenchymal stem cels show their superiority in the treatment of many diseases, especialy in inflammations induced by immune modulation imbalance. We believe that mesenchymal stem cels wil play an important role in the future cel biotherapy.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Zhiyang (GV9) in treating stomachache due to deficient cold.MethodEligible subjects with stomachache due to deficient cold were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was intervened by ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Zhiyang, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture treatment. The clinical efficacies were then observed.ResultThe total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group versus 73.3% in the control group, and the total effective rate of the treatment groupwas significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionGinger-partitioned moxibustion can produce a better therapeutic efficacy in treating stomachache due to deficient cold than conventional acupuncture.

Objective To study the subchronic toxicity of sodium fluoride on mRNA expression of estrogen receptor(ER) in female mice.Methods Forty female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body mass,10 in each group,and exposed to sodium fluoride solution(0,1,5,25 mg/L) through drinking water in control,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups for 12 weeks.The expression levels of ERα,ER3 mRNA in ovarian tissues were determined by RT-PCR method.Results The relative expression levels of ERα,ERβ mRNA in control,low-,medium-and high-dose groups were 0.7028 + 0.0474,0.7195 ± 0.0552,0.6479 ± 0.0590,0.5684 ± 0.0513 and 0.8418 ± 0.0131,0.7729 ± 0.0974,0.7610 ± 0.0984,0.8026 ± 0.0234,respectively.The difference between high-dose and control groups of the expression level of ERα was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The subchronic toxicity of fluoride can decrease the expression of estrogen receptor in ovarian tissue,which may have a certain effect on reproductive development of female mice.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of centro-square needling at Shangxing (GV23) (so called Ghost Hall point) in treating anxiety after cerebral stroke as a major treatment.Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The two groups were both given Flupentixol and Melitracen tablets (Deanxit). In addition, the treatment group received centro-square needling as the major treatment, and the control group received ordinary needling. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Barthel Index (BI) of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were observed before and after the treatment for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Result There was a significant difference in comparing the HAMA score between the treatment group and control group after the treatment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the total effective rate and recovery rate between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The treatment group shows a significant efficacy in improving the anxiety symptoms; the effect in improving the anxiety symptoms is insignificant in the control group; the recoveryrate and total effective rate are equivalent between the two groups.

Objective To investigate of mental health level and coping style in emergency nurses. Methods Investigations were conducted in 78 emergency nurses who had been m the emergency department over one year from 4 general hospitals in Huizhou using general condition questionnaire, symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and simple coping style questionnaire, the results underwent analysis. Results The subfactor score of SCL- 90 was significantly higher than that of Chinese norm. Emergency nurses adopted positive coping style more then conunon adillt group. The positive coping style of nurses was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90, somatization, interpersonal relationship, depression and anxiety factor of SCL-90. The negative coping style was positively correlated with the total score, sornatization, depression and anxiety factor of SCL-90.Conchusions Emergency nurses have poor mental health. We must adopt effective means to improve theirs mental health level.

Objective To diagnose the infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa early. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the fragment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprI gene. The fragment was determined by HaeⅢ and PvuⅡ digestion, and sequencing analyses. Results It showed that 96 of 223 specimens were cultured to be positive with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 96 of which had expectant streaks. Otherwise the other specimens had no positive streaks. The procedure needed only 4 hours. The PCR products were determined by ribonuclease HaeⅢ and PvuⅡ , and resulted in two small fragments with 49bp and 112bp separately. By automatic sequencing analysis, the coincidence rate with the gene bank was 100%. Conclusions The results indicates that the OprI gene detection by PCR is a specific, sensitive and quick technique for the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, brain imaging significance and the possible pathogenesis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by chemotherapy induction.Methods The diagnosis and treatment of ALL were performed according to the guidelines of the Pediatric Association of Chinese Medical Association.There were 11 cases of pediatric ALL who developed PRES after chemotherapy induction.The clinical presentations, initial and follow-up radiologic features, and the neurologic outcomes of these 11 cases were investigated for one-year follow-up.All patients were reexamined 1,3,6, and 12 months after first imaging.Results Headache (10/1 1 cases), epileptic seizure (7/11 cases), high blood pressure (4/11 cases) ,visual impairment (6/11 cases) ,disturbance of consciousness (5/11 cases) and walking instability (2/11 cases) were the most common symptoms of these ALL patients with PRES.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning revealed that lesions were mainly distributed in occipital lobe (9/11 cases), parietal lobe (8/11 cases), frontal lobe (5/11 cases) ,temporal lobe (3/11 cases), the deep white matter of bilateral periventricular and centrum semiovale (2/11 cases) and hemisphaerium cerebelli (1/11 cases).The radiological findings indicated that lesions had multifocal,symmetrical and posteriorly distributed characteristics in the cerebral hemispheres.After the diagnosis of PRES,patients stopped chemotherapy courses promptly and received symptomatic treatment, and then the clinical and imaging symptoms of most cases gradually disappeared.After 1-year follow-up,9 patients had good prognosis and no sequelae, 1 patient had symptomatic epilepsy (brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed lesions in the left temporal lobe) ,and 1 patient had slight visual impairment.After the craniocerebral symptoms disappeared clinically ALL chemotherapy continued in all patients and no recurrent PRES was observed.Conclusions Although the clinical and imaging features of PRES may be diverse ,PRES should be recognized as a possible important complication of ALL when neurological symptoms appear.However, PRES is reversible when the patients are diagnosed and treated at an early stage.Thus,the occurrence of PRES should be considered and investigated to optimize the early induction schemes for ALL treatment.