Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Choudongning (CDN) Capsule in children with Tourette’s syndrome of spleen deficiency and phlegm accumulation. Methods A stratified-block randomized, parallel-controlled, double-blind, double- dummy, multi-center trials were designed for clinical study. A total of 240 patients were enrolled and separated randomly into experimental group and positive control group in the rate of 1:1. Patients in the experimental group orally took CDN Capsule and simulated Tiapridal Tablets; The patients in positive control group took Tiapridal Tablets and simulated CDN Capsule. Treatment course lasted for 6 weeks. The clinical efficacy and integrals of YGTSS twitch, the factor scores of motor tics and vocal tics, YGTSS social function damage, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome efficacy were observed to evaluate its security. Results The total effective rate of YGTSS twitch clinical efficacy was 71.19% in the experimental group and 67.50% in the positive control group, respectively. The results of non-inferiority test indicated that the efficacy of experimental group was not worse than that in the positive control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in YGTSS twitch integrals, motor tics and vocal tics’ factor scores, YGTSS social function damage, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome efficacy. Only two ADRs (1.67%) in the experimental group and six ADRs (5%) in the positive control group were observed during clinical trials. The incidence of ADRs in the experimental group was lower than that in the positive control group with no statistical difference. Conclusion CDN Capsule have similar efficacy on the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome of spleen deficiency and phlegm accumulation contrast to Tiapridal Tablets, with lower adverse reactions and better safety.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZDD) on mRNA and protein expressions of transient receptor potential family vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential family vanilloid subtype 5 (TRPV5) in Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU)-infected rat semens and spermatogenic cells, and to explore the pathomechanism of UU-infected infertility and the intervention of ZDD.

METHODSTotally 45 were randomly selected from 60 4-5 months old SD rats. UU testicular infected animal models were set up after bladder inoculation of UU suspension. The remaining 15 rats were simultaneously injected with normal saline as a normal control group. After a successful modeling, UU infected model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the azithromycin group, and the ZDD group, 15 in each group. Rats in the ZDD group were administered with ZDD at the daily dose of 1 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the azithromycin group were administered with azithromycin suspension at the daily dose of 0. 105 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. All medication was performed once daily for 21 successive days. Testes and epididymis were extracted after rats were killed and UU positive rates were compared among all groups. Sperm cells were separated using a mechanical separation technique. Sperm motility parameters were detected using color sperm motion detection system. mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV5 in spermatogenic cells were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThe UU positive rate was obviously higher in the model group than in the normal control group [(86.7% (13/15 cases) vs. 0] P < 0.05). It was lower in the ZDD group [33.3% (5/15 cases)] and the azithromycin group [26.7% (4/15 cases)] than in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, class A and B sperms were reduced, the linear velocity and the average velocity were significantly lowered, mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV5 in spermated genic cells significantly decreased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, class A and B sperms were increased, linear and curve velocities and the average velocity were significantly elevated, mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV5 significantly increased in the ZDD group and the azithromycin group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with azithromycin group, class A and B sperms were increased, the linear velocity and the average velocity were significantly elevated, mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV5 significantly increased in the ZDD group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONZDD could fight against UU infection and elevate semen quality, which might be associated with up-regulating mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 and TRPV5 in spermatogenic cells.

Animals ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Infertility ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; TRPV Cation Channels ; metabolism ; Testis ; Ureaplasma Infections ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

Aim To study the protective effect of the naringin on chemotactic factor CX3 CL1 of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC) induced by high glucose. Methods The effect of different concen-trations of naringin on HUVEC cell viability was deter-mined by MTS. HUVECs were divided into 4 groups:① control group, ② high glucose group, ③ naringin group and④high glucose treated with naringin group. After treatment for 5 days, the concentration of nitric oxide ( NO ) in the culture medium was measured by nitrate reductase; intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was analyzed with fluorescence probe; the ex-pressions of CX3 CL1 mRNA and protein were deter-mined by the reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot ( WB ) . Results NO content in the culture medium of high glucose group was markedly de-creased, which could be increased by naringin. Com-pared with the control group, intracellular ROS in the high glucose group was drastically elevated, but narin-gin decreased the elevated ROS induced by high glu-cose. The results of RT-PCR and WB showed that nar-ingin could downregulate the increased expressions of CX3CL1 mRNA and protein induced by high glucose. Conclusion Naringin has protective effect on the in-jury of the HUVEC induced by high glucose, which is associated with reducing the expression of CX3 CL1 and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory action.

Objective:To investigate the effects of an atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine on the body mass index(BMI), leptin and hypothalamic neurohormone related to appetite regulation in the first-attack psychotic patients after 4-week treatment. Methods:Totally 38 first-attack psychotic patients meeting DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria were treated with olanzapine for 4 weeks. The BMI,blood lipids,blood glucose and neurohormone were measured before and after the treatment. The normal control group was also considered the above indices. Results:After the 4-week treatment, the body weight and the body mass index increased significantly when compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.01),and the plasma levels of TC,TG and LDL were higher than those before the treatment(P < 0.05). Both leptin and NPY levels significantly increased in the patients after the treatment (P <0.05),while the NPY levels were significantly lower before the treatment when compared with those in the control group(P< 0.05). The α-MSH levels before and after the treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group(P < 0.01). The CART levels had no significant difference among the pre-treatment group, post-treatment group and control group (P >0.05). Conclusion:The levels of leptin and neurohormone may be changed in the early treatment of olanzapine in the patients with schizophrenia,which may cause weight gain.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Jingu tablet (JGT) on the development and repair of osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODThe admixture of 4% papain and 0.3 mol x L(-1) cysteine was injected into the rat's knee joint to make the model of rat OA, and distilled water, Gucining Capsule and JGT was given ig simultaneously to treat for 4 weeks in succession, and then animals were killed to measure every index.

RESULTJGT could obviously improve the scope of activities of knee joint. There were significant differences between every dosage group and model group. In every dosage group, JGT could suppress the swelling of thickness of slippery membrane of joint, alleviate the inflammation symptoms of OA and obviouslical improve the pathologicol changes of slippery membrane and cartilage. JGT could also obviously reduce the content of MDA of slippery membrane and lighten the degree of cell damage.

CONCLUSIONJGT can lighten the retrograde affection of joint cartilage, obviously suppress the slippery membrane's inflammation and alleviate the scathing degree of cell. Therefore JGT has definite remedial effect to OA.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; Cysteine ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Knee Joint ; pathology ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Papain ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Tablets

OBJECTIVE To explorethe correlation betweenhypoxiaand insulin resistance bythe blood gas index in high-fat diets-induced obese rat model. METHODS 36％ of high-fat diets were fed to SD male rats for 12 weeks. The model group was divided into IR group and non-IR group with the HOMA-IR index of the 12th week,and the abdominal aorta blood was taken for blood gas analysis. RESULTS The HOMA-IR index,Hct,ctHb and ctO2in IR group were significantly higher than those in normal group andnon-IR group(P>0.05),simultaneously no significant difference in pO2,pCO2and sO2 between tree groups.CONCLUSION Circulating blood of obese rat with insulin resistance is normoxia,accompanied by higher Hct,tHb and ctO2,which may be due to the higher blood viscositand the self-regulation of chronic hypoxia in the body.

OBJECTIVETo find out the mechanisms of redifferentiation and reversion of malignant human gastric cancer cells induced by ascorbic acid.

METHODSHuman gastric cancer cells grown in the laboratory were used. The Trypan blue dye exclusion method was used to determine the cell doubling time. The electrophoresis rate and colonogenic potential were the indices used to measure the rate of redifferentiation. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of H202 were evaluated by spectrophotography.

RESULTSSix mmol/L ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. Human gastric cancer cells were treated with 75 microm hydrogen peroxide, which alleviated many of the malignant characteristics. For example, the cell surface charge obviously decreased and the electrophoresis rate dropped from 2.21 to 1.10 microm x s(-1) x V(-1) x cm(-1). The colonogenic potential, a measure of cell differentiation, decreased 90.2%. After treatment with ascorbic acid, there was a concentration- and time-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide (H202) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, the activity of catalase (CAT) resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease. SOD and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) exhibited some effects, but there were statistically significant differences between the SOD and AT group and the H202 group.

CONCLUSIONSAscorbic acid induces growth inhibition and redifferentiation of human gastric cancer cells through the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGFβ(1)) on the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I in human atrial fibroblast in vitro, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODSHuman atrial fibroblast, isolated from aseptic right atrial appendage tissues of 10 sinus rhythm (SR) and 10 chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) patients, were cultured with HGF and TGFβ(1). mRNA expressions of collagen I and α-SMA were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expression of α-SMA was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot.

RESULTS(1) Compared with SR group, left atrium was significantly dilated in CAF group (t = 2.692, P < 0.05), the mRNA expression of collagen I and α-SMA of atrial fibroblasts were significantly upregulated (all P < 0.01), mRNA expression of collagen I was positively correlated with left atrial dimension (LAD) (r = 0.836, P = 0.014), AF duration (r = 0.739, P = 0.045) and α-SMA mRNA level (r = 0.886, P = 0.012). (2) Compared with SR group, the expression of α-SMA protein in CAF atrial fibroblasts were significantly increased (P < 0.01). (3) TGFβ(1) further stimulated while HGF significantly attenuated the expression of collagen I and α-SMA in CAF atrial fibroblasts (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIncreasing expression of collagen I and α-SMA in human atrial fibroblasts might promote atria remodeling leading to the development and sustaining of AF. HGF is involved in the negative regulation on the expression of α-SMA and collagen I.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Atrial Fibrillation ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Gene Expression ; Heart Atria ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the developments and frontiers of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) research in order to make possible breakthroughs in subsequent studies.Methods Information visualization software Citespace V was applied to draw the mapping knowledge domain based on the database of SLE literature in Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science from 1975 to 2016.In this way,it was possible to analyze the basis of knowledge,network relationships between countries or regions,hot spots and courses frontier evolution in the recent 40 years.Results Totally 39 847 articles of literature were collected.The USA,UK,Spain,Italy and Australia were known as the leading countries in the study of SLE.The relationships between SLE and other autoimmune diseases,autoantibody detection and significance,anticardiolipin antibody expression,gene expression,classification criteria,disease activity were hot spots of SLE.Depression of SLE patients,management of SLE and differentiation of SLE were eye-catching research frontiers in recent years.Conclusion The mapping knowledge domain can display the main hot spots in research of SLE,show the frontier spheres and evolution course of related branches of learning,reveal the potential information in complex giant data networks,and guide future studies.

Objective To diagnose Kennedy's disease (KD) via molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene with suspected KD.Methods Two patients with suspected KD were reported.We analyzed their clinical features and investigated the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor genes. Results Both of the patients were characterized by slow progression of predominant proximal and bulbar muscle weakness.Patient 2 had oligospermatism.Serum creatine kinase and triglyceride levels were found markedly increased.The exact number of CAG was 52 in patient 1 and 48 in patient 2,respectively.These 2 patients were finally diagnosed as Kennedy's disease through the analysis of androgen receptor gene by PCR and direct sequencing.Conclusions The method of molecular analysis for KD had been copied in China.The clinical and molecular biological features of 2 Chinese patients with KD had been discussed.KD is a neurodegenerative disorder by proximal limb muscular atrophy and weakness with lower motor neuron signs,bulbar involvement.Dyscrinism and metabolic abnormalities may also be observed.Gene analysis is the unique and reliable methods to diagnose KD.