Measurement of cervical lordosis is the basic method for evaluating cervical function, and important reference for determine treatment decision. However, how to choose appropriate measurement in accordance with different situation, as well as the relationship among these methods is not clear. An increasing number of studies suggested that different measurements could directly affect the judgment of cervical lordosis. Therefore, comparative study of cervical vertebrae plays an important role in clinical treatment for cervical spondylosis under different cervical curvature conditions.
Cervical Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Lordosis ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects of essential trace elements selenium, zinc, copper, iron,cobalt, chromium and molybdenum upon arsenic poisoning caused by coal-burning. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to conduct epidemiological investigation on 139 arsenic exposed residents(including nonpatient, light, moderate and severe patients) in an area polluted by coal-burning arsenic in Xingren county of Guizhou province as exposure group. Control group included 34 residents who lived about 13 km away from the endemic area of arsenic contamination. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to analyze arsenic, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum in coal, soil, rice,corn, chilli, hair, blood and urine. Results Arsenic content in coal, soil, corn and chilli of polluted area were 4.894,146.551,0.522,1.440 mg/kg, respectively. These arsenic content were significantly higher than those in control area which were 1.980,50.167,0.296,0.948 mg/kg, respectively(P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01) . The content of selenium in soil of the diseased area(5.038 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that in soil of control area(8.948 mg/kg, P ＜0.05). The content of copper, iron, chromium in soil and iron in corn were 44.114,5731.500,98.323,89.996 mg/kg, respectively. These elements content were significantly higher than those in control area which were 13.473,1298.430,36.839,57.391 mg/kg, respectively (all P ＜ 0.05) . Hair and urine arsenic levels were 1.985mg/kg and 149.593 μg/g Cr in exposed group, respectively. These arsenic levels were significantly higher than those in control group which were 0.670 mg/kg and 49.853 μg/g Cr, respectively(all P ＜ 0.01) . Hair selenium level in exposed group(1.706 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that in control group(2.405 mg/kg, P ＜ 0.01). Hair levels of iron and chromium, blood level of eopper and the ratio between copper and zinc in exposed group were 88.295,8.933 mg/kg, 1.053 mg/L and 0.074, respectively. These element levels and elements ratio were significantly higher than those in control group which were 47.970,4.099 mg/kg, 0.934 mg/L and 0.065, respectively(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05). Hair selenium level was negatively correlated with the progression of arsenism(r = - 0.414, P ＜ 0.01) .Hair levels of iron and chromium, the ratio between copper and zinc in blood were positively correlated with the progression of arsenism(r = 0.271,0.261,0.250, all P ＜ 0.01) . Conclusions Low selenium, high copper, high iron and high chromium coexists in arsenic polluted area. In exposed group, hair selenium is low, hair iron and chromium, blood copper and ratio between copper and zinc are high. These element changes with environment trend.These element changes are associated with the occurrence and development of the disease caused by coal-burning.

Objective To observe the lecithin's effect on membrane of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) exposed to sodium arsenite(NaAsO2). Methods Vero cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group (saline), model group (2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), high eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group (53.33mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), low eoncentration of lecithin and arsenic group( 13.32 mg/L lecithin + 2.20 mg/L NaAsO2), 6 bottles of cells in each group, medium was changed every 2 days, cultured for 120 h. Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of membrane were measured by spectrophotometry, and membrane phospholipids composition including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethano-lamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingmyelin (SM) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The Na~, K+-ATPase activities of membrane of control group, model group, high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group, low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were (0.962 ± 0.081) × 106, (0.544 ± 0.037) × 106, (0.647 ± 0.043) x 106, (0.550±Compared with control group, the Na+ ,K+-ATPase activities of other 3 groups were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the Na+ ,K+-ATPase activity in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group was significantly higher (P < 0.05),but in low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Compared with control group[(0.087 ± 0.003), (0.127 ± 0.053), (0.588 ± 0.105),(0.071 ± 0.029)g/L], PS, PE, PC, SM levels in model group[(0.051 ± 0.018), (0.073 + 0.030), (0.240 ±0.038), (0.047 ± 0.121 )g/L] were significantly lower(all P < 0.05) ;PS, PE, PC in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group[(0.084 ± 0.011), (0.109 ± 0.363), (0.591 ± 0.476)g/L] did not change significantly(all P > 0.05), but SM[(0.057 ± 0.004)g/L] significantly decreased(P < 0.05) ;PS, PE, SM levels of low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group[(0.058 ± 0.020), (0.086 ± 0.177), (0.048 ± 0.103)g/L] significantly reduced (all P < 0.05), the PC did not change significantly [(0.521±0.098 )g/L, P > 0.05]. Compared with model group,the levels of PS, PE, PC, SM in high concentration of lecithin and arsenic group were significantly higher(all P <0.05);PS, PE, SM levels in low concentration of lecithin and arsenic group did not change significantly(all P > 0.05), and PC was significantly higher(P < 0.05). Conclusions High concentration lecithin has certain protective effect on Vero cell membrane exposured to sodium arsenite.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods Instruction before the procedure, assistance in the operation and management after ESD in 33 cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this investigation, 33 patients underwent operation smoothly,and recovered well without nursing complications. Conclusions ESD of early esophageal cancer has a high rate of complete resection rate, but it also has a risk of complication. Therefore, as a new technology, it' s essential to do perioperative care, which will reduce preoperative anxiety and assist patients to overcome different periods of the treatment.

Arachnoid ; pathology ; surgery ; Bone Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; surgery

Objective To study the microbiology of root surface caries in elderly patients. Methods Seventy-five elderly people (aged 60～77 years) were divided into 2 groups:Control group of patients without root caries (n=30) and root caries group of patients with root caries without apicitis and pulpitis (n=45).Plaque samples were collected,cultured in selective and non-selective media.After the bacteria were isolated,the total count and the detection rates and bacterium numbers of porphyromonas,pervotella,streptococcus mutants group,actiomyces and lactobacillus were compared between the groups of control and root caries.Results The count of total bacteria, streptococcus mutants group,actinomyces,lactobacillus and of root caries group were significantly higher that those of the control group(4.73?0.75)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs(4.17?0.47)lg(CFU/ml+1), (3.89?0.89)lg(CFU/ml+1) vs (2.84?1.14) lg (CFU/ml+1),(3.24?1.89) lg (CFU/ml+1) vs (2.19?0.11)lg(CFU/ml+1),(3.24?1.11)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs(2.43?0.95)lg(CFU/ml+1), (2.67?0.70)lg(CFU/ml+1)vs (3.24?0.21)lg(CFU/ml+1),(P

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of the adult rhabdomyoma (A-RM) in the oral and maxillofacial region.Methods Three cases of A-RM in the oral and maxillofacial region were analyzed for the clinical symptoms,imaging data,pathological features,differential diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis with the literatures review.Results The age arranged from 4 yea~ to 83 years in three A-RM cases.Two cases were male and one case was female.Two cases occurred in the mouth floor and one case in the tongue.Three A-RM cases presented as slowly growing,painless masses clinically.The masses were lobular,red-brown nodules with clear boundary.Histologically,they consisted of densely packed,large,round and polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.Cross striations and vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm.Tumor cells expressed desmin and myoglobin,partially expressed SMA,MyoD1 and S-100 protein.PAS was also positive among tumor cells and could be digested by the diastasum diastace.Conclusion Histological examination is the main diagnostic basis for A-RM.For accurate diagnosis,cross striations and immunohistochemistry for myogenic proteins in cytoplasm are of pivotal importance.Radical resection is the main treatment with generally promising prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010,150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A,and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE)and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0(α= 0.05). Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade (P < 0.05). The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training(P > 0.05). Comparing with the 2010 grade,the theoretical level of the 2009 was better,but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses,the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.

The origin and development of round magnetic needle was explored, and the structure of round magnetic needle was introduced in detail, including the handle, the body and the tip of the needle. The clinical opera tion of round magnetic needle were standardized from the aspects of the methods of holding needle, manipulation skill, tapping position, strength of manipulation, application scope and matters needing attention, which laid foundation for the popularization and application of round magnetic needle.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Needles ; history ; standards

PURPOSE5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake are of the similar magnitude, but the climate and geographic environment are totally different. Our team carried out medical rescue in both disasters, so we would like to compare the different traumatic conditions of the wounded in two earthquakes.

METHODSThe clinical data of the wounded respectively in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake rescued by Chengdu Military General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Then a contrast study between the wounded was conducted in terms of age, sex, injury mechanisms, traumatic conditions, complications and prognosis.

RESULTSThree days after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 465 cases of the wounded were hospitalized in Chengdu Military General Hospital, including 245 males (52.7%) and 220 females (47.3%) with the average age of (47.6±22.7) years. Our team carried out humanitarian relief in Katmandu after 4.25 Nepal earthquake. Three days after this disaster, 71 cases were treated in our field hospital, including 37 males (52.1%) and 34 females (47.9%) with the mean age of (44.8±22.9) years. There was no obvious difference in sex and mean age between two groups, but the age distribution was a little different: there were more wounded people at the age over 60 years in 4.25 Nepal earthquake (p<0.01) while more wounded people at the age between 21 and 60 years in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake (p<0.05). The main cause of injury in both disasters was bruise by heavy drops but 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake had a higher rate of bruise injury and crush injury (p<0.05) while 4.25 Nepal earthquake had a higher rate of falling injury (p<0.01). Limb fracture was the most common injury type in both disasters. However, compared with 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 4.25 Nepal earthquake has a much higher incidence of limb fractures (p<0.01), lung infection (p<0.01) and malnutrition (p<0.05), but a lower incidence of thoracic injury (p<0.05) and multiple injury (p<0.05). The other complications and death rate showed no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONMajor earthquakes of the similar magnitude can cause different injury mechanisms, traumatic conditions and complications in the wounded under different climate and geographic environment.When an earthquake occurs in a poor traffic area of high altitude and large temperature difference, early medical rescue, injury control and wounded evacuation as well as sufficient warmth retention and food supply are of vital significance.

Adult ; Aged ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nepal ; Prognosis ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology