The projection area of the volar surface of the human hand was estimated on 52 young Chinese adults(26 males and 26 females.)ranging in age from 18 to 31. The average projection area of the volar surface of the hand was 145.20 square centimetres.It occupied 0.93％ of the calculated body surface.The area of the palm was 86.69 square centimetres, amounting to 59.70％ of the volar surface of the whole hand. All dimensions of different parts of the hand of males were larger than those of females. There was no difference between the right and left hands of both sexes. The coefficient of correlation among the body length, body weight, length and width of the hand, surface area of the whole body with the projection area of the volar surface of the hand was calculated. All showed close correlation. The regression of the estimation of the projection area of the volar surface of the hand with hand length and hand width was established. It is therefore to be assumed that the area of the volar surface of the hand calculated as one per cent of the body area, as it is often used in surgical examina- tions, seems to be a little higher than its real area(0.93％.

Objective To study the value of leptin,adiponeetin and interleukin (IL-1,IL-6,IL-8) in diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of cerebral infarction.Method The levels of serum leptin ,adiponectin and IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 in acute cerebral infarction before and after treatment were determined with ELISA as well as in the healthy controls.The relationship between these indices and nerve function injury was studied.Results The levels of serum leptin and IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 in the patients increased significantly,but the controls didn't (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnostic value of 3D-indirectmagnetic resonance (MR) arthrography in detecting meniscustears of the knees.

METHODSForm January 2013 to January 2014, routine plain MR of the knees followed by the 3D-indirect MR arthrography was performed in 42 patients with suspected meniscal tears clinically. There were 31 males and 11 females, with an average age of 38.4 years old (ranged, 21 to 67 years old). The duration of the course ranged from 2 h to 15 d. The clinical symptom was knee pain. All the patients got subsequently arthroscopic examination or operation. The sensitivity and specificity of routine plain MR and 3D-indirect MR arthrography were compared based on the results of arthroscopic examination or operation.

RESULTSThe signal intensity in the area of meniscal tears on image of 3D-indirect MR arthrography was obviously higher than that of routine plain MR. The sensitivity of 3D-indirect MR arthrography was 85.79% (87/102), while the routine plain MR was 52.94% (54/102), and the specificity improved from 67.78%(61/90) to 86.67%(78/90). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 25.90, P < 0.01; χ2 = 9.13, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn comparison with the routine plain MR findings, 3D-indirect MR arthrography demonstrates meniscus tears of the knee with the better sensitivity and specificity.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthrography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Knee Injuries ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

Objective To evaluate endovascular therapy and open surgery for subclavian artery occlusion disease. Methods In this study, 69 patients received endovascular therapy (44 patients)or open surgery(25 patients)from January 2002 to July 2007.Balloon dilatation was carried out in 3 cases and 43 stents was placed in 41 cases. Results All procedures were successful. In endovascular therapy group, the ratio of healthy/dieased side of mean blood pressure was improved from 0.66±0.14 to 0.96±0.13(t=9.532,P＜0.001＝;in surgery group, the ratio improved from 0.63±0.16 to 0.95±0.18(t=8.236,P＜0.001＝.Sixty-one discharged patients were followed up for 2～49 months(mean 16.7 months),in endovascular group, restenosis occurred in 1 patient 1 year after the therapy, in surgery group, all prothesis remained patent and there was no complication related to prothesis. Conclusions Both endovascular therapy and surgery were the effective methods for subclavian artery occlusion, and endovascular therapy is preferred for less invasiveness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the pathological manifestations of acute?stage radioactive myocardial damage and related mechanisms using an experimental animal model. Methods A total of 12 adult male Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and radiation group. In the radiation group, the model of radiation?induced myocardial damage was established by the irradiation of the anterior myocardial territory with 6?MV X?ray at a single dose of 20 Gy, and at 14 days after irradiation, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of cardiomyocytes and intercellular matrix, and Masson staining was used to observe the distribution of collagen fibers. The collagen volume fraction ( CVF) was used for semi?quantitative analysis. ELISA was used to measure the activity of total superoxide dismutase ( T?SOD) and the concentration of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , and Western blot was used to measure the expression of the fibrosis marker protein collagen type I ( COL?1 ) and the endoplasmic reticulum stress?related proteins GRP78 and CHOP. The t?test, t ’?test, or nonparametric rank sum test was used for comparison between groups. Results At 14 days after local irradiation of the heart, the radiation group had disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes, marked edema, rupture of some cardiomyocytes, mild karyopyknosis in cardiomyocytes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the myocardial interstitium, compared with the control group. Collagen fibers in the myocardial tissue were mainly distributed in the perivascular area and cardiomyocyte interstitium. The radiation group had a significantly higher CVF than the control group ( 11?35% vs. 5?23%, P=0?000 ) and a significant increase in the expression of COL?1 compared with the control group ( P=0?000) . The radiation group had significant increases in the activity of T?SOD and the concentration of MDA in the myocardial tissue compared with the control group ( T?SOD:156?61 U/mgprot vs. 137?06 U/mgprot, P= 0?042;MDA:2?36 nmol/mgprot vs. 1?31 U/mgprot, P=0?007) . Compared with the control group, the radiation group showed significant increases in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress?related proteins GRP 7 8 and CHOP ( P= 0?037 and 0?009 ) . Conclusions The pathological manifestations of acute?stage myocardial damage include degeneration of cardiomyocytes, inflammatory exudation in the interstitium, and deposition of collagen in the perivascular area and myocardial interstitium. Myocardial fibrosis can be observed in the acute stage of radiation?induced myocardial damage, and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by radioactive rays.

Objective To observe the expression of cardiotrophin-1(CT-1) in ischemia-reinfusion cardiac muscle of rats and the effect of neuregulin-1(NRG-1).Methods The model of ischemia-reinfusion cardiac muscle of rats were prepared,35 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group(n=8),NRG-1 pretreatment group(n=9),pseudo-surgery group(n=8) and normal control group(n=10).The CT-1 mRNA in the observed cardiac muscle of all groups was measured by RT-PCR and the relative amount of CT-1 mRNA were calculated,and for statistical treatment.Results The CT-1 mRNA of model group was(63.96?9.34),and it was higher than that of pseudo-surgery group(36.16?5.43)and normal control group(36.84?4.64).The significant differences were found in 3 groups(F=47.37 P

Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from the undifferentiated cells of the primitive neural crest. We report a case of malignant paraganglioma originating from the left kidney. The 55-year-old female patient was admitted for intractable cough for a month and the presence of a solid mass in the left lung detected by computer tomography (CT). Sonography revealed a mass in the left kidney after admission. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was performed and the diagnosis of malignant paraganglioma originating from the left kidney was established pathologically. During the follow-up for 12 months, the patient showed a good general condition and sonography revealed no evidence of recurrence. Based on these findings, we discussed the diagnosis of this disease using medical imaging modalities.
Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Radiography

Adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on microcarriers in spinner flasks and were compared with those in conventional culture in 12-well plates. For the production of adherently growing MSCs, macroporous CultiSpher G gelatin microcarriers were used in concentration of 1 g/L. The cells were seeded in a density of 5 x 10(4) cells/ml in both spinner culture and conventional stationary culture. The result showed that after 7 days of cultivation a maximum viable cell concentration of 5.15 x 10(5) cells/ml was obtained in spinner culture. Whereas the cell density increased to a maximum of 1.675 x 10(5) cells/ml on day 5 in conventional stationary culture. Lactate was produced up to 12.06 mmol/L in spinner culture and up to 13.10 mmol/L in stationary culture, and glucose was consumed up to 7.38 mmol/L and 5.37 mmol/L respectively. The average lactate yield on glucose consumption in spinner culture was only 1.63, lower than that in stationary culture 2.44. This indicated that the energy metabolism in spinner culture was significantly more efficient than that in conventional culture. After spinner culture for 12 days, the MSCs maintain the characteristics of stem cells. It is concluded that the microcarrier culture system is a suitable way to expand the seeding cells for tissue engineering.
Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; Glucose ; metabolism ; HLA-DR Antigens ; analysis ; Humans ; Lactates ; metabolism ; Mesoderm ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To screen the differentially expressed gene profile from the smooth muscles in the fundus uterus at the active stage of labor, and to provide candidate genes for picking out the drug targets related to uterine contraction. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes of uterine smooth muscles in the corpus from pro and post spontaneous parturition and those induced by oxytocin,as well as those from the corpus and the lower portion spontaneous parturition,were scanned respectively by human full-length genetic cDNA microarray with 8064 probe sets. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to testify the expression of voltage dependent calcium channel-L subtype (CACNA). The differentially expressed genes in the structure and function of the drug targets were picked out by bio-informatics to serve as candidate drug targets related to uterine contraction. RESULTS: The expressions of 29 genes were upregulated in fundus smooth muscles from the pro and post natural parturition, the pro and post inductive parturition of oxytocin, and the natural parturition. The expression of CACNA gene in RT-PCR was in accordance with that in the microarray. Among the 29 genes, neuromedin B receptor (NMBR) gene and neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene were the genes which not only had the targets of uterine contracted medicine, but also could contract the uterine. The differential expression ratios of NMBR in the above 3 types of uterine myometrium were 6.9,11.3, and 9.0, respectively while those of NPY were 6.0,29.8, and 2.9 respectively. CONCLUSION NMBR, whose expression in the uterine smooth muscles is always up-regulated at different parturition conditions, is likely to be an ideal candidate target of uterotonic drugs.
Calcium Channels ; genetics ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Myometrium ; drug effects ; Neuropeptide Y ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Bombesin ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects