The effects of reaction temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration, deacetylation degree of chitosan on the hydrolytic velocity of chitosan by Lysozyme were investigated. The results showed that the specificity of catalyst obey the dynamics of michae-lis-Menten. The optimum temperature and pH were 50℃ and 6. 0 respectively, the reaction velocity was reduced while the deacetylation degree of chitosan was raised. The mean molecular weight of low molecular chitosan has been determined by high performance liquid chro-matography method, the mean molecular weight was 8328.

Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Sinus of Valsalva

Humans ; Psoriasis ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

A two_dimensional HPLC method was developed for the determination of methotrexat ( MTX ) in human plasma. The samples were treated with trichloroacetate for sedimentation and high speed centrifugation, and the obtained supernatant was taken for analysis. The analytes in sample were separated on the first dimension column (ASTON C8 100 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm), and trapped on the middle column (ASTON SCX 20 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) using valve_switching technique for purification and storage. Finally, the trapped analytes were transferred to the second_dimension column (SAC C8 100 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) for the second separation. The mobile phase used for the first dimension was 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate_acetonitrile(9∶1, V/V, pH=3. 8) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and the mobile phase used for middle column was 10 mmol/L phosphoric acid ( pH=3 . 0 ) . The mobile phase used in second_dimension was a mixed solution of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile (87∶10, V/V, pH=5. 2). UV detection was carried out at 306 nm and completed in 4 min. The calibration curve showed a linearity range from 0. 0879 to 5. 154 μmol/L (r=0. 99998). The LOQ was 0. 005 μmol/L. The intra_and inter_day precisions were lower than 1. 5% and 1. 8%, respectively. The relative recovery and the absolute recovery were 99. 1% - 101. 2% and 85. 67%-86. 35%, respectively. The assay is simple, accurate, reproducible, and suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX in the hospital and the study on the pharmacokinetics of MTX.

Abstract?AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of orthokeratology for 400 juvenile with myopia astigmatism and its effects on corneal endothelial cells.?METHODS:Four hundred patients(800 eyes), of whom the average age was 11.5 ±2.3 years old, 239 male, 161 female, were divided into two groups: orthokeratology group and spectacles group. Parameters including efficacy data ( uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, axial length and diopter ) and corneal endothelial cell data ( count of endothelial cell, endothelial cell density, fluorescein staining and central corneal thickness) were observed at 1d, 1, 6, 12 and 24mo after wearing.? RESULTS: The visual acuity of spectacles group recovered to normal after wearing, that of orthokeratology group recovered to normal at 1mo after wearing.At 2a after wearing, the corneal curvature, diopter of orthokeratology group decreased significantly (40.09 ±0.31D, 0.23 ±0.06D respectively); while those of spectacles group increased, the differences between the two groups were significant (P<0.05).The axial length of the two groups increased slightly at 1mo after wearing ( P>0.05 ) compared to those before wearing. At 2a after wearing, the axial length of the two groups were 23.96 ± 0.38mm, 26.49±0.88mm respectively (P<0.05).At 2a after wearing, central corneal thickness was 527.33 ± 27.69mm, 526.98±26.89μm(P>0.05).The count of endothelial cell and endothelial cell density both decreased after wearing without significant differences (P>0.05).?CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology has less effect on the corneal endothelial cells, no obvious adverse reactions and can control the prognosis of myopia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010,150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A,and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE)and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0(α= 0.05). Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade (P < 0.05). The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training(P > 0.05). Comparing with the 2010 grade,the theoretical level of the 2009 was better,but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses,the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide and anthracycline chemotherapy for recurrent platinum resistant ovarian epithelial cancer.Methods Gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 ( day 1, 8 ), ifosfamide 1.5 g/m2 ( day 1 - 3 ), adriamycin 40 mg/m2 or epirubicin 60 mg/m2 (day 1 ) or mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 (day 1, 8 ) were used in recurrent platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients, the cycle was repeated at interval of 21 to 28 days.Results A total of 60 patients received 172 cycles combined chemotherapy.There were no one cases complete response, while partial response 22 (37%, 22/60), stable 23 (38%, 23/60) and progression 15 (25%,15/60) were observed, with clinical benefit rate 75% (45/60).The median time of progression-free survival was 7 months, and the median overall survival time was 20 months.The main side effect was hematologic toxicity with leukopenia rate of 82% (49/60), among which Ⅲ - Ⅳ accounted for 31%(15/49).Digestive reaction was all in Ⅰ - Ⅱ , accounted for 42% (25/60).Conclusion The regimen of gemcitabine combined with ifosfamide and anthracycline is feasible, tolerable and effective in patients with recurrent platinum resistant/refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.

Based on the ecological and economic problems in Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) of Chinese material medica, we introduced the origin, concept, features and operative technology of eco-agriculture worldwide, emphasizing its modes on different biological levels of landscape, ecosystem, community, population, individual and gene in China. And on this basis, we analyzed the background and current situation of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica, and proposed its development ideas and key tasks, including: (1) Analysis and planning of the production pattern of Chinese material medica national wide. (2) Typical features extraction of regional agriculture of Chinese materia medica. (3) Investigation of the interaction and its mechanism between typical Chinese materia medica in each region and the micro-ecology of rhizosphere soil. (4) Study on technology of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. (5) Extraction and solidification of eco-agriculture modes of Chinese materia medica. (6) Study on the theory of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. Also we pointed out that GAP and eco-agriculture of Chinese material medica are both different and relative, but they are not contradictory with their own features. It is an irresistible trend to promote eco-agriculture in the GAP of Chinese material medica and coordinate ecological and economic development.
Agriculture ; methods ; standards ; trends ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Data mining technology has become a powerful tool in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In this paper, based on the principle and basic requirements of data mining, the mining methods and procedures were described. And then the application of data mining technology in Chinese medicine pair research was classified and summarized, such as the compatibility characters, characteristic pairs, dosage-effect relationship and property compatibility, which provide the direction and data base for modern research of Chinese medicine pair.
Cluster Analysis ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Prescriptions ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

A cDNA sequence of Arnebia euchroma AP2/ERF named AeAP2/ERF was cloned by in silico cloning in this study, using ACX71873 sequence from Lithospermum erythrorhizon as the probe sequence. Some characters of the AP2/ERF gene and encoded protein sequences were predicted and analyzed by the bioinformatics methods, including general physical and chemical properties, hydrophobieity, signal peptide, secondary structure, localization sites in cells. Results showed that the 876 bp long gene included a 1 077 bp ORF and encoding 205 amino acid. The AeAP2/ERF protein had no signal peptide, it was a hydrophilic proteins located in nucleus. The function of the AP2/ERF protein was mainly involved with metabolism controlling and signal transduction.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Boraginaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transcription Factors ; chemistry ; genetics