Chemometrics is a new branch of chemistry which is widely applied to various fields of analytical chemistry. Chemometrics can use theories and methods of mathematics, statistics, computer science and other related disciplines to optimize the chemical measurement process and maximize access to acquire chemical information and other information on material systems by analyzing chemical measurement data. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted widespread attention. In the research of traditional Chinese medicine, it has been a key problem that how to interpret the relationship between various chemical components and its efficacy, which seriously restricts the modernization of Chinese medicine. As chemometrics brings the multivariate analysis methods into the chemical research, it has been applied as an effective research tool in the composition-activity relationship research of Chinese medicine. This article reviews the applications of chemometrics methods in the composition-activity relationship research in recent years. The applications of multivariate statistical analysis methods (such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, etc. ) and artificial neural network (such as back propagation artificial neural network, radical basis function neural network, support vector machine, etc. ) are summarized, including the brief fundamental principles, the research contents and the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the existing main problems and prospects of its future researches are proposed.
Informatics ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Statistics as Topic ; methods ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Support Vector Machine

OBJECTIVE:To prepare urapidil osmotic pump tablet(OPT) characterized by 24 h constant drug release in vitro.METHODS:OPT of urapidil was prepared using NaCl and low or high moleculan weight PEO(Mr 4?106、2?105) as core,CA and PEG-400 as the coating material.Similarity factor was used to evaluate formulation of osmotic pump tablets.The drug release mechanism was investigated as well.RESULTS:The optimal core formulation consisted of urapidil 60 mg,NaCl 190 mg,PEO(Mr 4?106) 90 mg,PEO(Mr 2?105) 90 mg.The drug was released from OPT at controlled rate 24 h.CONCLUSION:The preparation of osmotic pump tablets was simple and characterized by zero-order release.

To discuss the effect of environmental factors and photosynthesis on the growing of plant and the content of active components in Scutellaria baicalensis, the photosynthetic physiology index and diurnal changes of flavonoid constituent of S. Baicalensis were observed and tested in flowering and fruiting stages, and in the meantime environmental parameters were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed data by using path analysis and gray correlation analysis. The results showed that PAR and SWC were important environmental factors impacting on photosynthesis of S. baicalensis. SWC, RH and Ca were important environmental factors impacting on baicalin content. PAR, Po and Ta were important environmental factors impacting on baicalein content.
Environment ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the feasibility and primary therapeutic effect of inverted Y-shaped self-expandable metal stent for complex airway stenosis.Methods On the standpoint of the peculiar anatomic structure and the pathological changes of complex airway stenosis,we designed the inverted Y-shaped self- expandable metal stent.Under the fluoroscopic guidance,7 stents were implanted in 7 cases of airway complex stenosis.Results The inverted Y-shaped self-expandable metal stents were placed seccussfully,with instantaneous relief of dyspnea and improvement of living quality.Conclusion The placement of inverted Y- shaped self-expandable metal stent is feasible and safe for treating airway complex stenosis.(J Intervent Radiol, 2007,16:92-94)

The present study aimed to explore whether the stretch of ischemic myocardium could modulate the electrophysiological characteristics via mechanoelectric feedback (MEF), as well as the effect of phalloidin on the electrophysiological changes. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n=9), phalloidin group (n=7), myocardial infarction (MI) group (n=9), MI + phalloidin group (n=7). The acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was conducted by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min in isolated rat heart. The volume alternation of a water-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle produced the stretch of myocardium. After perfused on Langendorff, the isolated hearts were stretched for 5 s by an inflation of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL separately and the effect of stretch was observed for 30 s, including the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), ±dp/dt(max), monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90), and occurrence of premature ventricular beats (PVB) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The stretch caused an increase of MAPD(90) in both control and MI rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, MAPD(90) in MI group increased more significantly than that in the control group at the same degree of stretch (P<0.05, P<0.01). Phalloidin (1 μmol/L) had no effect on MAPD(90) in basal state. After stretch, MAPD(90) in phalloidin group slightly increased but was not significantly different from that in the control group. However, phalloidin reduced MAPD(90) in infarcted myocardium, especially when ΔV=0.3 mL (P<0.05). The incidence rates of PVB and VT in MI group were higher than that in the control group (both P<0.01). And there was no significant difference in the incidence rates of PVB and VT between phalloidin group and control group. Phalloidin inhibited the occurrence of PVB and VT in infarcted hearts (both P<0.01). LVSP and +dp/dt(max) in MI group obviously decreased (P<0.01 vs control). With application of phalloidin, LVSP slightly, but not significantly increased in infarcted hearts, while -dp/dt(max) significantly increased (P<0.05). It is suggested that MI facilitates the generation and maintenance of malignant arrhythmias, while phalloidin obviously inhibits the occurrence of arrhythmias.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; prevention & control ; Coronary Vessels ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Phalloidine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound examination in the diagonosis of acute and chronic artery occlusion of the extremities.MethodsA review was made on 129 extremetiy artery occlusion patients at Anzhen Hospital during 2006 -2010. 85 cases were male, and 44 cases were female. Age was from 17 to 94 years (average: 62 ±9 years). We analyzed two-dimensional and color Doppler flow imagings of 39 acute occlusion arteries and 97 chronic occlusion arteries. We compared factors including the echoes of artery lumens, the vessel wall structures, hemodynamic parameters of inlet and outlet at the occlusion, and collaterals between groups.ResultsThe factors of depths of vessel wall,internal diameters of ccclusion arteries, proximal resistant index and collaterals were significantly different between groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The internal diameters of acute occlusion arteries were wider than chronic occlusion arteries. The depths of vessel wall, proximal resistant index and collaterals were thinner, smaller,and less than chronic occlusion arteries. The total accurate rate of differential diagnosis for acute and chronic artery occlusion by color Doppler ultrasound was 95.6％.ConclusionsColor Doppler ultrasound is an effective method for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic artery occlusion of the extremities.

Objective: To explore whether acupuncture can improve sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment and emotional disorders caused by sleep deprivation, and its association with the attenuation of oxidative stress injury in prefrontal cortex. Methods: Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), a model group (n=14), a manual acupuncture (MA) group (n=14), and a sham-MA group (n=14). All the groups were established as sleep deprivation models via the modified multiple platform method, except for the control group. Rats in both the MA group and the sham-MA group received corresponding intervention, respectively. After modeling and intervention, the four groups received three behavioral tests, namely sleep monitoring, by comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS), Morris water maze (MWM) test and open-field test (OFT), followed by oxygen free radical level test and Western blot (WB) detection for the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Results: The MA group derived more sleep time within 24 h than either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05). On MWM orientation navigation test day 1, there were no significant differences in escape latency among the control, MA and sham-MA groups (P>0.05), and the escape latency was significantly shorter in these three groups than that in the model group (all P<0.05). On test day 4, the escape latency was markedly shorter in the MA group than that in either the model group or the sham-MA group (both P<0.05); meanwhile, the MA group showed significantly better performance compared with these two groups in space probe test (both P<0.05). In OFT, compared with the control group, there was a significant decline in the horizontal movement score in the other three groups (all P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the model group and the sham-MA group than that in the MA group (both P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content was markedly higher and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was markedly lower in the MA group than those in the model group and the sham-MA group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group and the sham-MA group, the expression of Bax was significantly lower and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the MA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: MA therapy can lengthen the sleep time in sleep-deprived rats and improve learning and memory impairments induced by sleep deprivation, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex and the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

The relationship between the levels of renalase and changes in proteinuria,hypertension,renal function,renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was investigated in patients (chronic nephritis,primary nephrotic syndrome or other kidney disease) that underwent renal biopsy.The study group comprised 72 patients undergoing renal biopsy.Patient profiles and renal function were collected.Concentrations of renalase and Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry.Tubular injury was detected by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay.The expression of renalase was significantly lower in renal biopsy specimens than in normal kidney tissues.There was a positive linear relationship between renalase and some serum and cardiac indices;a negative correlation was found between age,eGFR,Ccr and 24-h urinary protein.Renal tubule injury index and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis index showed a negative linear correlation with renalase.The results showed that renalase probably increased the expression of Bcl-2.By two independent samples t-test,renalase levels were significantly increased in the non-hypertension group than in the hypertension group.One-way ANOVA showed that renalase expression was higher in samples with Lee's grade Ⅲ than in those with Lee's grade V.The expression of renalase was significantly decreased in patients who underwent renal biopsy,and was also associated with blood and renal function.The research proved that renalase may reduce renal tubular injury and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway,finally achieving the purpose of delaying the progress of renal failure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the plasma levels of chemokine CCL-2/MCP-1 and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and/or idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). ELISA assays were used to detect the plasma level of CCL-2/MCP-1 of 22 patients who received allo-HSCT, including 14 patients without or with grade I, 8 patients with grade II - IV aGVHD, respectively. 8 out of 22 patients were also diagnosed with IPS clinically. The dynamic changes of the plasma levels of CCL-2/MCP-1 chemokine and its correlation with aGVHD and/or IPS were analysized retrospectively. The results showed that the plasma levels of CCL-2/MCP-1 in the patients with moderate and serious aGVHD (grade II - IV) significantly increased, as compared with that prior to allo-HSCT (p < 0.05). The plasma levels of CCL-2/MCP-1 in the patients with aGVHD and/or IPS were higher significantly than those without any of these complications (p = 0.001). The retrospective analysis indicated that the plasma levels of CCL-2/MCP-1 in the patients with IPS significantly increased (p = 0.006). It is concluded that plasma level of CCL-2/MCP-1 correlates with aGVHD and/or IPS, and plays a role in the pathogenesis of these complications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; blood ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; blood ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of standard-dose idarubicin in combination with continuous infusion of cytarabine as induction therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 38 AML patients were enrolled, including 30 new diagnosed patients, 8 relapsed and refractory patients. Cytogenetic analysis was performed in all patients, 15 patients had cytogenetic aberrations including 4 complex abnormalities. All patients were treated with standard-dose idarubicin [12 mg/(m(2).d), days 1 to 3] and continuous infusion of cytarabine [100 mg/(m(2).d), days 1 to 7]. The results showed that after one course of induction therapy, the overall response rate was 89.5% (34/38), and 32 out of 38 (84.2%) patients achieved complete remission (CR), including 27 of 30 (90.0%) new diagnosed AML patients, 5 (62.5%) refractory and relapsed AML patients, all 4 patients with complex cytogenetic aberrations achieved cytogenetic CR. Out of 6 relapsed patients 2 showed as extramedullary relapse, 4 showed as bone marrow relapse. The median survival duration was > 22 months and median disease-free survival time was > 16 months. Myelosuppression and infections due to neutropenia were the most frequent adverse effects, severe nonhematologic toxicity and the early death were not observed in the patients. It is concluded that standard-dose of idarubicin combined with continuous infusions of cytarabine as the induction therapy is highly effective and well tolerated approach in patients with AML, this regimen provides an opportune moment for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Idarubicin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult