China ; Developed Countries ; Insurance, Health ; Occupational Health

Chemical constituents of Inula japonica were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies, over silica gel, and Toyopearl HW-40, and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, including NMR and MS data, the structures of the isolates were elucidated and their anti-inflammatory activities were assayed. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of I. japonica, and their structures were elucidated as dihydrosyringenin (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (6R, 7E) -9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), arnidiol (4), taraxasterol acetate (5), 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (6), taxifolin (7), luteolin (8), napetin (9), eupatin (10), spinacetin (11), quercetin (12), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (13), caffeic acid (14), and caffeoyl acetate (15). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 13 and 15 were isolated from the genus Inula for the first time, and compounds 3, 4, 9-11 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity result showed that compounds 3, 6-12 and 14 exhibited inhibition effect against leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis and degranulation definitely in c-Kit Ligand (KL) induced mast cells, and compound 8 and 12 also had the suppression effect against lipopolysacharide(LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. It is firstly reported that compounds 7 and 9-11 possessed potent inhibition activities against LTC4 generation and degranulation in mast cells.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Inula ; chemistry ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology

The objects of research on the resources chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials (RCCMM) are promotion of efficient production, rational utilization and improving quality of CMM and natural products. The development of TCM cause depends on the efficient utilization and sustainable development of CMM, hinges on the technologies and methods for using and discovering medicinal biological resources, stand or fall on the extension of industy chains, detailed utilizaion of resource chemical components by multi-way, multi-level. All of these may help to the recycling utilization and sound development of RCMM. In this article, five respects were discussed to the RCCMM researches and resources recycling utilization ways and goals and tasks. First, based on the principle of resource scarcity, discovering or replacing CMM resources, protecting the rare or endangered species or resources. Second, based on the multifunctionality of CMM, realizing the value-added and value compensation, and promoting the utilization efficiency through systermatic and detailed exploitation and utilization. Third, based on the resource conservation and environment-friendly, reducing raw material consumption, lowering cost, promoting recycling utilization and elevating utilization efficiency. Fourth, based on the stratege of turning harm into good, using the invasive alien biological resources by multi-ways and enriching the medicial resources. Fifth, based on the method of structure modification of chemical components, exploring and enhancing the utility value of resouces chemical substances. These data should provide references and attention for improving the utilization efficiency, promoting the development of recycling economy, and changing the mode of economic growth of agriculture and industry of CMM fundamentally.
Agriculture ; economics ; trends ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

The industrialization chains and their products, which were formed from the process of the production of medicinal materials-prepared drug in pieces and deep processed product of Chinese material medica (CMM) resources, have generated large benefits of social and economic. However, The large of herb-medicine castoff of "non-medicinal parts" and "rejected materials" produced inevitably during the process of Chinese medicinal resources produce and process, and the residues, waste water and waste gas were produced during the manufactured and deep processed product of CMM. These lead to the waste of resources and environmental pollution. Our previous researches had proposed the "three utilization strategies" and "three types of resources models" of herb-medicine castoff according to the different physicochemical property of resources constitutes, resources potential and utility value of herb-medicine castoff. This article focus on the conversion efficiency of resources model and analysis the ways, technologies, practices, and application in herb-medicine cast off of the conversion efficiency of resources model based on the recycling economy theory of resources and thoughts of resources chemistry of CMM. These data may be promote and resolve the key problems limited the industrialization of Chinese material medica for long time and promote the realization of herb-medicine castoff resources utilization.
Biotransformation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; methods ; Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Research Design

By repeated column chromatography, including silica gel, macroporous resin, and preparative HPLC, a new compound (1) was isolated and purified. On the basis of spectroscopic methods, the structure of 1 was elucidated as ( - ) -epiafzelechin-3, 5-di-O-beta-D-apiofuranoside (1). In the bioassay screening experiments, glucose consumption assays in IR HepG2 cells and colorimetric assay of surface GLUT4myc translocation were used to assess the effects on glucose metabolism of compound 1. Both compound 1 and its derivatives--naringin could improve glucose consumption in IR HepG2 cells and enhance GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cell L6myc in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that these two compouds showed potential anti-diabetic activities in vitro.
Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Polypodiaceae ; chemistry ; Protein Transport ; drug effects

An efficient modified route based on the targeting mechanism of antibacterial fluoroquinolones for the shift from the antibacterial activity to the antitumor one was further developed. Using a fused heterocyclic ring, s-triazolothiadiazine as a carboxyl bioisostere of ciprofloxacin, the title compounds, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-piperazin-1-yl-3-(6-substituted-phenyl-7H-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-quinolin-4(1H)-ones (5a-5e) and their corresponding N-acetyl products (6a-6e), were designed and synthesized, separately. Meaningfully, a ring-contraction of fused six-membered thiadiazine occurred by a sulfur extrusion reaction gave new tri-acetylated fused heterocycles related to pyrazolo[5, 1-c][1, 2, 4] triazoles (7a-7e). The in vitro antitumor activity against L1210, CHO and HL60 cell lines was also evaluated for the synthesized fifteen heterocycles compared to parent ciprofloxacin by methylthiazole trazolium (MTT) assay. Interestingly, the results displayed that fifteen fused heterocyclic compounds showed more significant growth inhibitory activity (IC50 < 25.0 micromo x L(-1)) than that of parent ciprofloxacin (IC50 > 150.0 micromol x L(-1)), and the active order decreased from 7a-7e to 5a-5e to 6a-6e, respective.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Ciprofloxacin ; pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Leukemia L1210 ; pathology ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiadiazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Triazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To develop a new mPCR method for rapid diagnosis of six types of encephalitis causing viruses of HS-VI,HSVII,VZV,EBV,EV71 and CMV.Methods Six pairs of specific primers for CMV,EV71,HSV I,VZV,EBV and HSV II were designed.The mPCR detection method was established and the sensitivity was detected.In order to verify the clinical application value of their multiplex PCR system,fifteen cerebrospinal fluid specimens of clinically suspected VE from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2014 to 2015 were examined by the mPCR method.Results The 6 pairs of primers did not interfere with each other,and the sensitivity of the mPCR system was over 103copies/μl.Among 15 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with suspected viral encephalitis,six specimens(6/15,40%)were tested positive by the mPCR.Among them,HSV I was 5 and CMV was 1.Conclusion The mPCR method for detecting six types of en-cephalitis-associated virus at same time was established with high specificity,sensitivity and stability.

Objective To explore the characteristics and components of recurrent papillary thyroid cancer in patients with metabolic syndrome .Methods We retrospectively reviewed the information of the patients with recurrent papillary thyroid cancer after initial surgery during January 1st ,2010 and December 31st ,2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University .We compared tumor size ,lymph node metastasis ,recurrence time and postoperative invasion rate in metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups . Results Totally 82 patients were included with 34 men and 48 women .There was no significant difference between patients with and those without metabolic syndrome grouped by the classic diagnosis approach .However ,the lymph node metastasis grade of recurrent papillary thyroid cancer patients who also suffered from at least two metabolic disorders ,was lower ,especially in women (P=0 .002) .Moreover ,patients with metabolic disorders had shorter recurrence time (Pdiabetes=0 .034 , Pdyslipidemia =0 .037 , PBMI =0 .004 , PMetS2 =0 .036) .Conclusion Papillary thyroid cancer patients with metabolic disorder ,especially with two or more components of metabolic syndrome and overweight and/or obesity ,may have an increasing risk of recurrence .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relation between the alleles of HLA-DRB1*04 and outcome of HBV infection.

METHODSThe alleles of HLA-DRB1*04 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). The frequency of allele of HLA-DRB1*04 in four groups[106 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (group ASC), 93 chronic hepatitis B patients (group CHB), 77 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and 102 cases of spontaneous recovery after HBV infection (control group)] were studied, and the frequency of that in different replication of HBV was also studied.

RESULTSThe frequency of allele of HLA-RB1*04 in groups ASC, CHB and hepatitis B cirrhosis was markedly higher than that of control group (25.94%, 26.34%, 27.92% respectively versus 14.22%, P< 0.01); the frequency of HLA-DRB1*0401 in groups ASC, CHB and hepatitis B cirrhosis was also higher than that of control group (20.91%, 24.49%, 22.09% respectively versus 8.62%, P< 0.05, P< 0.01,P< 0.05 respectively); the frequency of HLA-DRB1*0405 in groups ASC, CHB and hepatitis B cirrhosis was lower than that of control group (3.64%, 2.04%, 3.49% respectively versus 15.52%, P< 0.01, P< 0.01, P< 0.05 respectively ). There was no statistical significance in the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 among groups ASC, CHB and hepatitis B cirrhosis (P> 0.05), and the same result was observed in different replication of HBV (P> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHLA-DRB1*04 gene is one of the factors which determine the outcomes of HBV infection, while it has no influence on HBV replication.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore an optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme, which is in line with the wishes of workers, based on the problems in the implementation of work injury insurance in China and to provide useful information for relevant policy makers.

METHODSMultistage cluster sampling was used to select subjects: first, 9 small, medium, and large enterprises were selected from three cities (counties) in Zhejiang Province, China according to the economic development, transportation, and cooperation; then, 31 workshops were randomly selected from the 9 enterprises. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using a pre-designed questionnaire among all workers in the 31 workshops.

RESULTSAfter optimization of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme, the willingness to participate in the scheme increased from 73.87%to 80.96%; the average willingness to pay for the scheme increased from 2.21% (51.77 yuan) to 2.38% of monthly wage (54.93 Yuan); the median willingness to pay for the scheme increased from 1% to 1.2% of monthly wage, but decreased from 35 yuan to 30 yuan. The optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme covers all national and provincial statutory occupational diseases and work accidents, as well as consultations about occupational diseases. The scheme is supposed to be implemented worldwide by the National Social Security Department, without regional differences. The premium is borne by the state, enterprises, and individuals, and an independent insurance fund is kept in the lifetime personal account for each of insured individuals. The premium is not refunded in any event. Compensation for occupational diseases or work accidents is unrelated to the enterprises of the insured workers but related to the length of insurance. The insurance becomes effective one year after enrollment, while it is put into effect immediately after the occupational disease or accident occurs.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme actually realizes cross-regional mobility of workers, minimizes regional differences, and embodies the fairness. The proposed model will, to some extent, protect the rights and interests of enterprises, as well as the healthy rights and interests of workers when they are unemployed.

Accidents, Occupational ; economics ; China ; Insurance, Health ; Models, Theoretical ; Occupational Diseases ; economics