OBJECTIVE:To provide practical ideas and methods for facilitating the entry of traditional Chinese medicine into the international markets.METHODS:The favorable conditions and unfavorable factors for the traditional Chinese medicine entering into the international markets were studied extensively and thoroughly and contrasted analytically.RE?SULTS&CONCLUSION:Management on production and quality of the traditional Chinese medicine should be strengthened in China;laws and regulations on traditional Chinese medicine products of each country should be studied with great attention.Considering the condition and characteristics of our products,our country should find a suitable location in the international market and shoot the arrow at the target.The concerned parties should concentrate on the research and development of tra?ditional Chinese medicine and facilitate the entry of which into the international market by drawing assistance from the spreading of traditional Chinese medicine.

Agriculture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors

Behavior Therapy ; Coronary Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Smoking Cessation

Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system and mostly found in elderly men. Like most tumors, prostate cancer involves a variety of molecules in its occurrence and progression. More studies on the development of prostate cancer focus on the tumor markers, DNA damage repair related genes, and tumor invasion and metastasis related factors. This article presents an overview on the research progress in these three aspects.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Biomedical Research ; DNA Repair ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Allostasis ; physiology ; Chronic Disease ; General Adaptation Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Objective To explore the safety and invasion of endoscopic thyroidectomy(ET).Methods A total of 156 cases of benign thyroid diseases were surgically treated from January 2003 to December 2005,including 64 cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy(Endoscopic Group) and 92 cases of traditional thyroidectomy(Traditional Group).The operation time,hemorrhage volume,length of incision,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) scores for pain severity and cosmetic appearance,analgesic requirements,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization costs,wound infection rate,and recurrent rate were compared between the two groups,respectively.Results The operation was successfully completed in both of groups.No hemorrhage,hoarseness,or hypocalcemia was encountered.Wound hydrops occurred in 4 cases in the Traditional Group.As compared with the Traditional Group,the Endoscopic Group had less blood loss(15?10 ml vs 20?15 ml;t=-2.330,P=0.021),lower VAS pain scores(2.5?1.0 vs(5.0?)1.6;t=-11.079,P=0.000),higher VAS cosmetic scores(8.0?1.5 vs 2.0?1.2;t=27.696,P=0.000),and less analgesic requirements(10 cases vs 28 cases;?~2=4.493,P=0.034),but longer operation time(80?20 min vs 70?30 min;t=2.330,P=0.021) and higher hospitalization costs(5 352.7?978 yuan vs 4 738.5?672 yuan;t=4.651,P=0.000).Follow-up observations for 2~30 months(mean,13 months) revealed recurrence in 2 cases in the Endoscopic Group and 3 cases in the Traditional Group.Conclusions As compared with traditional operation,endoscopic thyroidectomy has advantages of minimal invasion,early recovery,short hospitalization time,and high safety,being an ideal option for benign thyroid diseases.

Objective To explore the feasibility and reliability of laparoscopic assisted thyroidectomy. Methods A transversal 2.0 cm incision was made at the site 1.0 cm above the sternal notch. By using a harmonic scalpel under a 5 mm laparoscope, the thyroid glands and involving blood vessels were dealt with by either “coagulation-dissection-suction” technique or “dissection-coagulation-disconnection” technique to complete thyroid enucleation or lobectomy. Results There were 20 cases of adenoma (nodule) excision and 6 cases of unilateral lobectomy. The operation time was 80~130 min (mean, 100 min). The intraoperative blood loss was 10~40 ml (mean, 20 ml). No surgical complications occurred. Follow-up checkups in 23 cases for 1~)20 months (mean, 9 months) found a satisfactory cosmetic result and no recurrence. Conclusions Thyroidectomy under laparoscope is safe and reliable. This procedure offers a shorter incision, less invasion and better cosmetic results as compared with conventional thyroidectomy.

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects, which is the main cause of death in children.Cardiovascular development is a complex process involving multiple genes, signaling pathways and regulatory factors.According to the sequencing of human genome and encode project, more than 80% of the genes in the genome are transcribed, but only 3% of these transcripts correspond to protein-encoding RNA.It is pointed out that non-coding RNA is as important or even more important as encoding RNA.More and more evidences show that not only encoding genes are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular development, but also protein non-coding genes play an important role in the development of heart.This review will summarize the biological characteristic and function of long noncoding RNAs, and introduce the role of some representative lncRNA in heart development and congenital heart disease.

The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model was applied to study the effect of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen of rats. Buagafuran concentrations in intestinal perfusate and blood in vena mesenterica collected at different time points after perfusion were determined by GC-MS. Permeability coefficient of buagafuran was calculated by the equation [P(lumen) = -(Q/2pirl)Ln(C(out)/C(in)) and P(blood) = (deltaM(B)/deltat)/(2pirl)]. The effects of troleandomycin (TAO, CYP3A inhibitor), cyclosporin A (CYP3A/p-glycoprotein inhibitor) on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen were observed. After rat single-pass intestinal perfusion, the cumulative amount of buagafuran in mesenteric vein of rat was 73.4, 82.9, and 98.3 pmol x cm(-2) and were increased 3.9, 4.6, and 5.6 fold by addition of inhibitor of P-gp (LSN335984), CYP3A (TAO) or P-gp and CYP3A (CsA), respectively. Moreover, the metabolized fraction of buagafuran was decreased by 12%, 11% and 21% with inhibitors. The results suggested that the poor bioavailability of buagafuran was mostly due to the interplay of P-gp and CYP3A on the absorption, transport and metabolism of buagafuran in intestine of rats.

Objective To identify research fronts of synthetic biology by mapping knowledge domains .Methods The research articles were clustered by co-cited analysis and bibliographic coupling while research domains of synthetic biology were mapped using software VOSviewer .Results There were seven research clusters by co-cited analysis and 32 clusters by bibliographic coupling .The articles published in the last two years have changed the structure of research domains .Con-clusion Bibliographic coupling is better at recognizing research fronts .Synthetic bioengineering , RNA expression , biology bone, biology library,and biology parts are research fronts of synthetic biology .