Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Humans ; Hypertension ; surgery ; Renal Artery ; Sympathectomy ; methods

Objective To investigate the clinical features, brain imaging significance and the possible pathogenesis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by chemotherapy induction.Methods The diagnosis and treatment of ALL were performed according to the guidelines of the Pediatric Association of Chinese Medical Association.There were 11 cases of pediatric ALL who developed PRES after chemotherapy induction.The clinical presentations, initial and follow-up radiologic features, and the neurologic outcomes of these 11 cases were investigated for one-year follow-up.All patients were reexamined 1,3,6, and 12 months after first imaging.Results Headache (10/1 1 cases), epileptic seizure (7/11 cases), high blood pressure (4/11 cases) ,visual impairment (6/11 cases) ,disturbance of consciousness (5/11 cases) and walking instability (2/11 cases) were the most common symptoms of these ALL patients with PRES.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning revealed that lesions were mainly distributed in occipital lobe (9/11 cases), parietal lobe (8/11 cases), frontal lobe (5/11 cases) ,temporal lobe (3/11 cases), the deep white matter of bilateral periventricular and centrum semiovale (2/11 cases) and hemisphaerium cerebelli (1/11 cases).The radiological findings indicated that lesions had multifocal,symmetrical and posteriorly distributed characteristics in the cerebral hemispheres.After the diagnosis of PRES,patients stopped chemotherapy courses promptly and received symptomatic treatment, and then the clinical and imaging symptoms of most cases gradually disappeared.After 1-year follow-up,9 patients had good prognosis and no sequelae, 1 patient had symptomatic epilepsy (brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed lesions in the left temporal lobe) ,and 1 patient had slight visual impairment.After the craniocerebral symptoms disappeared clinically ALL chemotherapy continued in all patients and no recurrent PRES was observed.Conclusions Although the clinical and imaging features of PRES may be diverse ,PRES should be recognized as a possible important complication of ALL when neurological symptoms appear.However, PRES is reversible when the patients are diagnosed and treated at an early stage.Thus,the occurrence of PRES should be considered and investigated to optimize the early induction schemes for ALL treatment.

AIM:To establish a quantitative method for determination of hesperidin in Citri reticulatae in order to evaluate their quality. METHODS:Sample was extracted with methanol by means of sonication for 30min. ODS column was used with methanol-water-acetic acid(35∶61∶2)as mobile phase. Detection wavelength was at 284nm. RESULTS:Hesperidin in sample solution was well separated. Linearity was good(r=0.9995)in range of 0.202～2.424?g. The average recovery was 98%, RSD of repeatability was 2.3%. CONCLUSION:This method is simple, accurate and reliable, which may well be used for the determination of hesperidin.

Objective To evaluate the value of minimally invasive technique in treatment of severe traumatic intracranial hematoma at emergency department.Method From January 1995 to December 2005,126 patients were treated by using the minimally invasive technique in Affiliated Chaoyang hospital once patients were diagnosedas severe traumatic cerebral hernia resulted from intracranial hematoma and also those whose clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.In the emergency department,the per-operative plan was done according to the CT imaging,including the sute of burr hole on the skull,the direction and depth of carmulation,and the drainage cannula was put into the hematoma cavity for external drainage under local anesthesia.Results The successful rate of puncture was 100%.The patients's dukated oyouk contracted immediately after drainage.There are 79/ 95 patients(83.1%)had single pupil dilated and 17/31(54.8%)patients had bilateral pupils dilated.The immediately clinical effective was 76.2%.According to Glasgow outcome scale,43 of 126 patients had good recovery,26 had moderate deficits and 18 had severe sequelae,16 patients were in vegetative state,18 died. Conclusions Clinical prospective study proves that minimally invasive technique can ameliorate the cerebral hernia,prolong the operative therapie window time.

Objective To investigate.the survival rates in a follow-up group of patient with primary liver cancer.Methods The follow-up data of new primary liver cancer cases between year 2001-2004 in Xuhui district was investigated.The age distribution of patients was described.Survival rate was analyzed with single and multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model,respectively.Results The age proportion distribution of patients showed double apexes with one in age 45～50 and another in age 70～75.The arithmetic mean of survival month was 16.4 with 95%CI 14.8～18.1 and median month was 6.9.It was no significance between male and female.Patients who had liver operation owned longer survival time,RR=0.315 5(95%CI 0.243 2～ 0.4093).The sutdy showed 5-year survival rate was 40.90%and 3.95%for patients with or without operation,respectively.It had no significant effect on survival time by gender,age and family history.Conclusion The screening test and intervention in high-risk people shall be done preferentially before peak age,so as to find primary liver cancer earlier,and the more patients can accept a suitable surgery care,the more they can obtain longer survival time.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on first spike latency (FSL) of inferior colliculus neurons and explore the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the propofol-induced loss of heating.Methods Forty-three SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-250 g were used in this study.FSL was recorded with glass recording micro-electrode inserted in inferior colliculus.Propofol 100 mg/kg was administered intrapefitoneally.FSL was recorded before and every t0 min after propofol administration when sound intensity was between 90 dB SPL and 10 dB SPL before threshold.First-order exponential function was used to fit FSL-sound intensity curve at different time points before and after propofol administration.Results The inferior colliculus neurons showed offset response in one rat.FSL extended to 0.8 ms at 10 min after propofol administration.In the remaining 42 rats,the inferior colliculus neurons responded only to the beginning part of the sound.FSL was prolonged at 10 min after propofol administration.R2 of first-order exponential function ＞ 0.95 at different time points after propofol administration ( P ＜ 0.05 ).FSL-sound intensity curve was shifted parallelly upwards after administration.Conclusion Propofol affects auditory information transmission by extending FSL of rat inferior colliculus neurons but does not change the meaning of the information encoded by FSL.

Objective To assess the effects of dynamic monitoring of plasma Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide(Pro-BNP) in the evaluation of prognostic value and myocardial dysfunction in patients with septic shock.Methods The levels of plasma Pro-BNP were tested in 102 patients with septic shock on the 1,3,and 5 days.Data on ICU mortality and 28-day mortality were collected.The patients were divided into non-dysfunction group (CI＜3.0) and cardiac dysfunction group (CI≥3.0) according to levels of hemodynamic variables ( CI level).The prognostic value of plasma Pro-BNP was analyzed.Results Plasma Pro-BNP levels on the 1,3 and 5 days in 28-day survivors have a significant declining trend [( 1649.0 ± 257.5 ) ng/L,( 1867.6 ± 291.7 ) ng/L vs.(1229.9 ± 194.5) ng/L),while plasma Pro-BNP levels in non-survivors have an increasing trend [(4128.8 ± 1051.1),( 5315.9 ± 925.4 ) vs.( 6899.9 ± 1327.9 ) ng/L].There is statistical significance of plasma Pro-BNP levels at day 1,3 and 5 for the two groups ( t=3.057,5.083,and 6.290 respectively,P＜0.01 ).The 28-day mortality and Plasma Pro-BNP levels in cardiac dysfunction group were higher than of non-dysfunction group ( 28-day mortality:62.1％ vs.20.0％;Pro-BNP1:( 1592.8 ± 362.2 )ng/L vs.( 4556.6 ±732.7 ) ng/L;Pro-BNP3:( 2933.6 ± 421.7 ) vs.( 5768.5 ± 793.7 ) ng/L,Pro-BNP5:( 3014.5 ± 587.5 ) ng/L vs.(8873.9 ± 1670.1) ng/L ( x2=20.635,P=0.000,t=3.626,3.154,3.310,P＜0.01].Pro-BNP level greater than 3053 ng/L on the 5-day was an independent prognostic indicator of 28-day mortality ( sensitivity:88.4％;specificity:91.5 ％ ).Pro-BNP level greater than 2378 ng/L on the 5-day was an independent prognostic indicator of hospital mortality ( sensitivity:84.9％;specificity:91.8％ ).In multivariate logistic regression analyses,Pro-BNP level and APACHE score were independent predictors of 28-day mortality and hospital mortality.Conclusion Plasma Pro-BNP level shows obvious significance in evaluation of sepsis-induced myocardial depression severity in patients with septic shock.Pro-BNP level in ICU at day 5 after inclusion is an independent prognostic marker of mortality in septic shock.

Objective To assess the prenatal features of dural sinus malformation (DSM) by ultrasound. Methods The prenatal ultrasonography and MRI examination were applied in three fetuses who were suspected as brain abnormalities and transferred to Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital for detailed antenatal ultrasound examination. Comparative analysis was performed on MRI, autopsy and prenatal ultrasonography. The prenatal characteristics were summarized. Results In the sonograms of all three cases, the torcular Herophili and superior sagittal sinus were dilated. No blood lfow was detected within or around lesions by color Doppler imaging. Posterior intracranial dual sinus thrombosis was detected in one case. MRI examinations were applied in two fetuses. The results of prenatal ultrasonography were consisted with those of MRI, MRI imaging showed dilated torcular Herophili and superior sagittal sinus with short T1 and short T2 signal. The thrombosis was presented as iso-hypointense with focal eccentric hyperintense. One case was undertook autopsy and the result was consisted with the prenatal sonographic findings. Conclusions The typical sonographic features of DSM is dilated torcular Herophili and superior sagittal sinus with no blood lfow in color Doppler imaging. DSM should be excluded when anechoic area was detected at the rear part of midline.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a main cause of visual impairment in many retinal diseases.To create an ideal CNV animal model is very important for the experimental and clinical study of CNV.The assessment method of repeatable and reliable for CNV model is still seldom.Objective This experiment was to explore the label value of fluorescent antibody for visualizing and quantifying the morphologic changes associated with laser-induced CNV.Methods Laser-induced CNV models were created in 30 eyes of 15 male SPF C57BL/6J mice by Krypton red laser irradiating fundus 2 spots around the optical disc with the wavelength 647.1nm,power 260 mW,spot diameter 50μm and exposure time 0.05 seconds.The CNV was evaluated at 5 minutes,4,7,14 and 28 days after laser injury by using fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and the successful models were identified as the rupture of Bruch's membrane.The mice were then immediately sacrificed and the eyeballs were enucleated to prepare the choroidal flatmounts.The posterior eye cups were fluorescently labeled with markers of cell nuclei (DAPI,4',6'-diamino-2-phenylindole),endothelial cells (isolectin-B4),and filamentous actin (phalloidin).The CNV areas from specimens were measured by Image pro plus 6.0.Two eyes from one matched mouse without receiving photocoagulation were used as the controlls.This study followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results No any CNV was seen in photocoagulated eyes in 5 minutes and 4 days after laser irradiation.The first sign of CNV appeared at 7 days following photocoagulation.The incidence of fluorescein leakage was 76.47% (26/34),81.81% (18/22),50.00% (5/10) at 7,14 and 28 days,respectively.The fluomicroscope examination showed that in unphotocoagulated areas,retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were visualized with a uniform hexagonal array.Immediately after laser exposure,a circular area devoid of fluorescent labeling was observed,indicating disruption of the choroid-Bruch membrane-RPE complex.On the fourth day,cellular debris and fragmented nuclei were presented and an autofluorescent ring was visible at the site of Bruch's membrane disruption.The number of CNV vessels increased exponentially during the next 3 days.At 7 days,a well-defined isolectin-B4 labeled CNV network was exhibited and lasted for 28 days.The CNV areas were (7.99±0.42)×103μm2,(16.89±3.77)×103μm2,(14.37±4.02)×103μm2 at 7,14 and 48 days after photocoagulation respectively,showing a significant difference among these three groups (F=17.340,P=0.000),and the CNV area was significantly increased in the photocoagulating eyes in 14 days and 28 days compared with 7 days (q=16.46,q=15.54,P＜0.01).Conclusion Fluorescent antibody labeling allows the well identification and measurement of laser-induced CNV lesions in mouse choroid/RPE flatmounts.This technique offers excellent morphologic detail and facilitates the study of critical early events in CNV.CNV complexes are labeled at an early stage,providing a more accurate preclinical evaluation of antiangiogenic molecule.