This paper introduces the temperature rising experimental process and some matters needing attention when the transformer is normally loading. And an analysis of the uncertainty for transformer's temperature rising is also made based on the practical examples' data.
Electricity ; Equipment Safety ; Temperature ; Uncertainty

Objective To detect the Yersinia pestis plasmid and molecular weight along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.Methods Yersinia pestis plasmids molecular weight detected and analyzed using alkaline lysis,phenol-chloroform extraction of Yersinia pestis plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis.Results The 18 Yersinia pestis strains of Qinghai-Tibet Railway contained 6×106,45×106,52×106,65×106,92×106plasmid,varing in the range of the 52×106-92×106.Conclusions The Yersinia pestis of Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a standardplasmid graphics,with the biggest Yersinia pestis plasmid changing in a certain regular degree,which providessignificance in the study of plague natural foci of the spatial structure and the genetic.characteristics of Yersiniapestis.

Objectives To explore the clinical significance of preoperative abdominal multislice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) in radical resection of gastric cancer. Methods One hundred and three patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups according to their desires. Group Ⅰ included 57 patients who underwent preoperative MSCTA and group Ⅱ included 46 patients who underwent surgery without preoperative MSCTA. All these patients were operated by the same surgical team. Results Six patients (10.5%) with abnormal gastric artery in group Ⅰ were discovered. The diagnostic concordance rate between MSCTA and intraoperative findings was 100% in group Ⅰ in the locations and alignments of main perigastric vessels and their relationship with cancer lesions.Operative time in group Ⅰ was shorter than that in group Ⅱ [(206±23)min vs. (257±32)min, P=0.044]. Operative time [(190±50) min] of patients with abnormal gastric artery of group Ⅰ was shorter than that [(255±62) min] of patients with abnormal gastric artery discovered during operation of group Ⅱ (P=0.048). However there were no differences in blood loss, extent of lymph node dissection,complication rate, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization cost between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Preoperative MSCTA is beneficial to the evaluation of vascular structure of the cancer and the adjacent tissues, which may reduce postoperative complications.

Objective To analyse the prognostic factors and the neck treatment strategy of early tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Total of 152 cases of early tongue SCC underwent surgery between January 1994 December 2003 were reviewed. The patients, according to their neck managements, were divided into two groups, or wait-whach group (n = 32) and neck dissection group (n =120) ,and the neck dissection group was subdivided into supraomohyoid neck dissection (SND) group and comprehensive neck dissection(CND) group (including radical neck dissection and modified radical neck disssection). Results All patients were followed up over 5 years or until death and the 5-year follow-up rate was 94. 7%. The regional recurrence rates of wait-whach group and neck dissection group were 34. 4% and 14. 2% respectively (χ2 = 6. 865, P < 0. 01) and 5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were 68% and 79% respectively (χ2 = 1. 699, P > 0. 05). There were no significant difference in the regional recurrence rate or 5-year survival rate between SND group and CND group (P > 0. 05). The patients with pathologically node positive had a low 5-year survival rate compared to those with node negative. The patients with regional recurrence had a significant low 5-year survival rate compared to patients without regional recurrence (P<0.01). Conclusions Occult lymph node metastasis and regional recurrence were important prognostic factors for early tongue cancer. Supraomohyoid neck dissection can not improve the 5-year survival rate, but significantly reduce the rate of neck recurrence. The results suggest that the selective neck dissection for ipsilateral level Ⅰ - Ⅲ should be applied to the patients with early tongue carcinoma which does not cross the midline.

Objectives To explore the clinical significance of preoperative abdominal multislice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) in radical resection of gastric cancer. Methods One hundred and three patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups according to their desires. Group Ⅰ included 57 patients who underwent preoperative MSCTA and group Ⅱ included 46 patients who underwent surgery without preoperative MSCTA. All these patients were operated by the same surgical team. Results Six patients (10.5%) with abnormal gastric artery in group Ⅰ were discovered. The diagnostic concordance rate between MSCTA and intraoperative findings was 100% in group Ⅰ in the locations and alignments of main perigastric vessels and their relationship with cancer lesions.Operative time in group Ⅰ was shorter than that in group Ⅱ [(206±23)min vs. (257±32)min, P=0.044]. Operative time [(190±50) min] of patients with abnormal gastric artery of group Ⅰ was shorter than that [(255±62) min] of patients with abnormal gastric artery discovered during operation of group Ⅱ (P=0.048). However there were no differences in blood loss, extent of lymph node dissection,complication rate, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization cost between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Preoperative MSCTA is beneficial to the evaluation of vascular structure of the cancer and the adjacent tissues, which may reduce postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of modified vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique in treating refractory sinus in the lower leg.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2011, 11 patients with refractory sinus in the lower leg, including 7 males and 4 females, with an average age of 34.5 years (ranged,23 to 56). These patients were treated with modified VSD technique after thorough cleaning sinus and continuous washing. After 14 to 21 days of treatment, removed VSD and re-debrided the sinus and sutured wound.

RESULTSInfections got control after operation, sinus in the lower leg healed. All patients were followed up from 6 to 14 months with an average of 10 months, no recidivations were found.

CONCLUSIONModified VSD technique is an effective method in the treatment of stubborn sinus in the lower leg.

Adult ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Leg Bones ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlations between increased spinal cord signal intensity on magnetic resonance images (MRI) and the clinical prognosis of compressive cervical myelopathy.

METHODSSixty-six patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent surgeries through the anterior approach. In all the patients, the diagnoses were established on the basis of both neurological examination and MRI findings that showed spinal cord compression. The patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative MRI, namely isointense MRI T1/T2 signal group and iso/hyperintense MRI T1/T2 group. The JOA scores of the patients were evaluated before and at 6 and 12 months after the operation.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for 12 to 38 months after the operation (mean 21 months), and no statistically significant difference were found in the pre- and postoperative JOA scores between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe peoperative hyperintense signals on T2 weighted MRI does not correlate to the prognosis of patients with compressive cervical myelopathy, who may also have favorable clinical outcomes after the operation.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Spinal Cord Compression ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Spinal Osteophytosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) so as to improve comprehension of that unusual lesions.

METHODSForty-three cases of immunocompetent patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCNSL were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, laboratory examination, imaging characteristics, histopathologic types and treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSSingle-locus lesion was found in thirty-six patients and multi-locus lesions were found in seven patients. Forty-seven operations were performed. The main characteristics including increased intracranial pressure in 22 cases (51.2%) followed by hemiparesis, seizure and speech problems in 16 cases (37.2%), disturbance of intellectual function and mental confusion in 10 cases (23.3%), contents of cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations increased in 8 of 12 tested cases (66.7%). Histopathologic exam showed B-cell lymphoma in 40 (40/41, 97.6%) and T-cell lymphoma in 1 case (1/41, 2.4%). Ki-67 positive expression is 42.8% +/- 23.3% in 3 samples.

CONCLUSIONSCT, MRI and CSF cytological examination are mainly diagnostic methods for PCNSL. Elevated lymphocyte counting in peripheral blood can not be the diagnostic criteria for PCNSL. The purpose of operation is alleviating symptom, increasing quantity of life and making histopathologic diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy plus whole-brain radiation is an efficient treatment for PCNSL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

AIM:To investigate whether rebamipide repairs the small intestinal epithelial barrier in aspirin-induced small intestinal injury (SII) in mice and its mechanism.METHODS:Small intestinal injury was induced by aspirin (200 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 5 d) in BALB/c mice.Based on the treatment with aspirin and/or rebamipide (320 mg ·kg-1 · d-1),the mice were divided into 4 groups (n =18 in each group).The living mice in each group (n =6) were sacrificed via cervical dislocation method at day 0,day 5,and day 10.The structure and function of intestinal barrier and the levels of the signaling pathway factors were measured by transmission electron microscopy,immunohistochemistry,qPCR,and Western blot.RESULTS:Tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells improved significantly after rebamipide treatment.The expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the injured small intestine showed a gradually increasing trend after rebamipide administration (P ＜ 0.05).There was a decreased trend of D-lactate level in rebamipide-treated SII mice (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of cyolooxygenase-2 (COX-2),β-catenin,and c-Myc,and prostaglandin E2 concentration in small intestinal tissues were significantly increased in rebamipide treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).However,down-regulated COX-1 expression in the SII mice was sustained at a low level after rebamipide administration.CONCLUSION:Rebamipide repairs the injury of small intestinal mucosa and improves the structure and function of small intestinal barrier in aspirininduced SII mice by up-regulating the expression of COX-2.

BACKGROUNDThree randomised trials have demonstrated that combining bevacizumab with first-line chemotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival versus chemotherapy alone in HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC). However, data from Chinese populations are limited and possible differences between ethnic and geographic populations are unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether there are differences in safety and efficacy in patients with HER2-negative LR/mRC between Chinese and Western populations after they receive first-line bevacizumab combined with taxane-based therapy.

METHODSIn the single-arm, open-label, Avastin Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer (ATHENA) study (NCT00448591), patients with HER2-negative LR/mBC received first-line bevacizumab (investigator's choice of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks) combined with taxane-based therapy. The primary endpoint was safety profile and the secondary is time to progression (TTP). A subpopulation analysis was conducted to assess safety and efficacy in Chinese patients.

RESULTSOf 2264 patients treated in ATHENA, 202 were enrolled in China. Bevacizumab was combined with docetaxel in 90% of Chinese patients and paclitaxel in 10%. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhoea (in 5.0% of patients) and hypertension (in 2.5% of patients). Grade 3/4 proteinuria occurred in 0.5%. After median follow-up of 17.6 months and events in 56% of patients, median TTP was 9.0 months (95%CI, 8.4-11.1). Overall survival data were immature.

CONCLUSIONSWe found no evidence of increased bevacizumab-related toxicity or reduced efficacy in Chinese LR/mBC patients receiving first-line bevacizumab-taxane therapy compared with predominantly Western populations. The safety profile was generally similar to previously reported LR/mBC trials. Subtle differences may be attributable to different lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients compared with the overall population. It appears reasonable to extrapolate findings from bevacizumab-based randomised trials to Chinese populations.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult