Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system and mostly found in elderly men. Like most tumors, prostate cancer involves a variety of molecules in its occurrence and progression. More studies on the development of prostate cancer focus on the tumor markers, DNA damage repair related genes, and tumor invasion and metastasis related factors. This article presents an overview on the research progress in these three aspects.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Biomedical Research ; DNA Repair ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of application of spiral CT with 3D reconstructure on diagnosis and treatment of tibial plateau fractures.Methods15 cases of tibial fractures treated with x-ray and 16-slices spiral CT,3 D images were made,fractures were classified and evaluated with 3D images and treated with correct treatment.ResultsAll of the 15 patients got correct diagnosis by 16-slices spiral CT with 3D reconstructure,1 failed by x-ray.10 fractures were operated under 3D reconstructure guide and operation proved fractures revealed by 3D reconstructure finally.ConclusionSpiral CT with 3D reconstructure could offer more accurate location and classification of tibial plateau fractures,and it had obvious advantage on demonstration of spatial relationship,and it also could provide better planning and management for the tibial plateau fractures.

Objective To explore the prevalence of ETS gene fusion in prostate cancer and its correlation with patient's clinicopathologic index.Methods Ninety-one samples from prostate needle biopsy cases with median age 75 (55-90) years and 18 samples from radical prostatectomy cases with median age 72 (63-81) years were collected from Oct.2010 to Feb.2012.TMPRSS2-ERG,TMPRSS2-ETV1 and TMPRSS2-ETV4 fusions were tested by multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay.Fusion positive and negative cases were compared with age,TNM stage,Gleason score (median Gleason score 7 (6-9)),and PSA value (median PSA 33.4 μg/L,mcan PSA 118.8 μg/L).In needle biopsy cases,there were early stage 32 (34％),locally advanced prostate cancer 36 (40％),metastasis 23 (26％) ; in radical prostatectomy cases,there were 9 cases in T2 stage,8 cases in T3 stage,1 cases in T4a stage,respectively.Results TMPRSS2-ERG fusions were present in 14.3％ (13/91,95％ confidence interval,0.071-0.215)biopsy specimens and in 11.1％ (2/18,95％ confidence interval,0-0.256) radical prostatectomy specimens.No TMPRSS2-ETV1 or TMPRSS2-ETV4 fusions were found in any cases.Altogether,13 (86.7％)cases possessed deletion pattern.And 7 (46.6％) hold insertion pattern.5 cases had both deletion and insertion pattern.38.5％ (5/13) deletion pattern had distant metastasis.Except one metastatic case harbored both deletion and insertion pattern,there was no insertion pattern accompanied with metastasis.There were no differences between fusion positive and negative cases in the distribution of age (P =1.000),PSA (P =1.138),primary Gleason score (P=2.186),Gleason score (P=2.107),TNM stage (P=2.052) and Risk Degree (P=2.597).Conclusions The TMPRSS2-ERG fusion positive cases harbor more deletion pattern than insertion pattern.There are no differences between fusion positive and negative cases in the distribution of age,PSA,Gleason score,TNM stage and Risk Degree.

Adult ; Calcinosis ; Humans ; Male ; Pharyngeal Diseases

Objective To evaluate the outcome of dorsal double locking compression plate (LCP) in treatment of stretched unstable distal radial fractures.Methods Fourteen cases of stretched unstable distal radial fractures were treated by reduction and internal fixation using straight or L-shaped anatomic LCP via dorsal approach.Wrist functional exercise was conducted immediately after operation.Follow up was made after operation to assess motion pain,functional score of wrist,and complication incidence at postoperative 12 weeks,24 weeks,and 1 year.Results Follow-up was lasted for 5-24 months.At postoperative 12 weeks,24 weeks and 1 year,mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was (1.88 ±0.26) points,(0.87 ± 0.14) points and (0.37 ± 0.06) points respectively and wrist functional score (Gartland-Werley score) was (6.45 ± 1.72) points,(2.73 ± 0.52) points and (2.10 ± 0.31) points respectively.According to Garfland-Werley score in the latest follow-up,the results were excellent in 10 cases,good in two,and fair in two.Besides,one case was combined with myotenositis of extensor pollicis longus muscle tendon and another case with myotenositis of extensor tendon.Conclusion Dorsal double LCP is one of the effective methods for stretched unstable distal radial fractures that can reconstruct anatomical structure of the wrist efficiently and attain satisfactory functional recovery,with no obvious pain.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effectiveness of percutaneous microwave ablation ( MWA) versus hepatectomy for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

METHODSFrom August 2002 to March 2012, one hundred and twenty-two patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (diameters 1 to 7 cm, 2 to 4 lesions) were treated by either complete MWA or radical hepatectomy, and their clinical data were collected and analyzed.The patients were divided into MWA group (n = 50) and resection group (n = 72), and the resection group was matched by MWA group based on clinical parameters. The survival and complications in the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 100.0%, 73.0% and 62.0%, respectively, in the MWA group, and 80.0%, 56.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, in the resection group (P < 0.05). The corresponding recurrence-free survival rates were 88.0%, 63.0%, and 52.0% in the MWA group, and 68.0%, 45.0%, and 36.0%, respectively, in the resection group (P< 0.05). The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that albumin level, performance status, treatment modality, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONCompared with hepatectomy, percutaneous microwave ablation is a minimally invasive and reproducible procedure, and can improve the survival in patients with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Genetic Engineering ; Hepatectomy ; mortality ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Microwaves ; therapeutic use ; Regression Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms

AIM:Scopolamine blocks cholinergic transmission and impairs learning and memory in mice．The purpose of this study was to evaluate the memory-improving properties of curcumin on scopolamine-induced memory im-pairment in mice．METHODS：The mice of memory impairment were induced by scopolamine．Step down test and Morris water maze test were used to observe the earning and memory ability in curcumin-treated ice．Biochemical assessments of AChE，MDA，and GSH-Px levels in brains were performed．RESULTS：Oral administration of curcumin ignificantly reduced the numbers of step-down rrors(P<0．05)and prolonged the step-down latency induced by scopolamine(P<0．05)．The escape latency time in mice treated with curcumin Was remarkably educed compared to that in scopolamine group by Morris water maze test(P<0．05)．After the platform was removed，the total time that the mice swam in the tar-get quadrant Was also longer in curcumin group than that in model group(P<0．05)．The data also indicated that curcumin significantly inhibited AChE ctivity(P<0．01)and prevented oxidative stress characterized by the significant reduction in MDA content and the significant increase in GSH-Px activities in the brain(P<0．01)．CONCLUSl0N：Curcumin in-duces cognitive improvement by enhancing the function of cholinergic system and its antioxidant activity．

Objective To explore the features of transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of male pro- lactinoma and to evaluate the sexual function before and after transsphenoidal microsurgery.Methods A se- ries of 23 cases male prolactinoma were analysed combined with retrospective and prospective study.9 casese with sexual disfunction had finished the International Index of Erectile Function with 15-item questionnnaire (ⅡEF-15) before and after the surgery.Results 8/10 cases treated with dopaminergic agonist combined with surgery achieved complete remission,while only 4/13 cases achieved complete remission with surgery on- ly(x~2=5.490,P=0.036).Aecoding toⅡEF-15,sexual function improved after surgery in 9 cases(paired- sample) t test,P＜0.05).Conclusion Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactinoma may im- prove the male sexual functions.Dopaminergic agonist combined transsphenoidal microsurgery may achieve a better outcome.

Objective To establish the method of contact heat evoked potential(CHEP)and to explore the value of this evoked potential in pain testing of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 healthy volunteers and 30 patients were examined.The healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups according to the length of their arms:(Group A:56.0～65.0 cm ;Group B :65.5～74.0 cm ;Group C :74.5～83.0 cm).A recently de- veloped heat-foil technique with a rapid temperature rising rate at 70℃/s was used to elicit pain and contact heat e- voked potentials.Contact heat was delivered via one circular thermode(diameter 27 mm,area 573 mm~2)and set at two intensity levels(49.5℃and 54.5℃)to three body sites:the thenar eminence,the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm.The subjects were asked to rate the pain with numerical rating scale after each stimulus and CHEP was recorded from Cz and Pz.The association between stimulus intensities and pain rating was explored,the main compo- nents of the evuked potential were watched.CHEP,sensory conduction velocity(SCV)and somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP)were performed in patients with hemi-anesthesia caused by cerebral infarction.Results The pain intensity ratings were 3.2?0.3 and 4.4?0.5 at thenar eminence,5.0?0.7 and 6.3?0.8 at the dorsum of hand and 5.3?0.6 and 7.2?0.5 at the proximal volar forearm when the temperature of 49.5℃and 54.5℃was applied, respectively;Three components,Cz/N550,Cz/P750 and Pz/P1000,were identified in the evoked potentials.Cz/ N550 and Cz/P750 appeared when the dorsum of hand and proximal volar forearm were stimulated.In contrast,Pz/ P1000 could be identified when nociceptors of thenar eminence and proximal volar fbrearm were excited.In the pa- tients with cerebral infarction,CHEP disappeared or became abnormal on one side,while SCV and SEP were normal on that side.Conclusion It was suggested that CHEP could be elicited reliably in the controls.CHEP is helpful in the assessment of analgesia in patients with cerebral infarction.