Objective To analyze the clinical and molecular epidemiology in children with measles in Shanghai and identify the clinical characteristics and the prevalent genotype of measles virus.Methods The clinical features of measles-such as ages of onset,crowds and epidemiological data were retrospectively analyzed in 39 children with measles from Nov.2005 to Jun.2006 in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Results of blood routine test,liver function test and chest X-ray were also included.Sputum examinations were carried out on the ones who had bronchitis or bronchopneumonia.Throat swab specimen within 3 days of the onset of rashes were collected and were sent to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Shanghai to isolate measles virus,then the genotypes of the isolated viruses were determined subsequently in CDC of China.Results Twenty-nine cases out of the 39 children were from foreign provinces (74.36%).Among of them,24 cases were younger than (or as young as) 9 months old.Among the 39 cases,35 children had never been inoculated with measles vaccine,and to speak of the ones who were younger than 8 months,the ratio was 57.14%.Five cases out of the 39 children had contacted with measles sufferers.Clinical manifestation were fever,rashes,Koplik spots and catarrh.Twenty-three cases were co-infected with respiratory system and only 8 cases were identified as infection with bacteria or other viruses.The genotype of all analyzed measles viruses belongs to H1a.Conclusions There are also some changes in age groups and endemic distribution,such as younger age and more immigrants except for the typical clinical manifestation of fever,rashes,Koplik spots and catarrh.The predominant genotype is still H1a as in most parts of China.There is no evidence to demonstrate any relationship between the raised morbidity of measles and the genovariation of measles virus.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Carcinosarcoma ; pathology ; Chondroma ; pathology ; Chondrosarcoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Nephrectomy ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; etiology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Aim To investigate estradiol inhibition of neointimal proliferation after rat carotid artery balloon injury. Methods Eight to ten-week-old SD rats (male,n=21,female,n=21) were divided into intact control(n=7),gonadectomy control(n=7) and estradiol (n=7, gonadectomy)groups in each sex. Left carotid artery was not injured with 2.0 F PTCA balloon until estradiol was injected for three days. Rats were killed 2 wk after injury. Neointimal areas and media area, ratios of intimal areas/media areas were measured with computer. Results Male neointimal areas and ratios of intimal areas /media areas in estradiol group were less than those in intact control group significantly(all P0.05). Conclusions Estrdiol inhibits neointimal proliferation after the gonadectomy in rats undergoing carotid artery balloon injury.

Objective To establish an animal model for study on early oral fluid resuscitation of burn shock so as to provide experimental basis for oral fluid resuscitation of burn shock in wars, accidents or disasters. Methods Male Beagle dogs weighing 11-13 kg were used in the study and the carotis, jugular and duodenum were cannulated respectively for measurement of homodynamics, tissue perfusion and gastrointestinal function. Dogs were subjected to a 35% TBSA full thickness flame injury with 10-mi-nute anesthesia by intravenous injection of propofol 24 hours later, and then randomly and equally divided into two groups(8 dogs in each group) : no fluid resuscitation group (NR group) undergoing no treatment in the first 24 hours post burn and oral fluid resuscitation group ( OR group) undergoing gastric infusion of glucose electrolyte solution (GES) according to Parkland formula. From the second 24 hours post burn, animals in two groups were given delayed Ⅳ fluid resuscitation, and then intravenous nutritional support was initiated at the 72nd hour. The mean arterial pressures (MAP), cardiac output (CO), dp/dt max of left ventricular contractility (dp/dtmax) and plasma volume (PV) were monitored continuously. The pa-rameters of gastrointestinal tissue peffusion, the rates of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of GES were determined, the morbidity was also recorded at the end of 5-day experiment. Results After 35% TBSA burn injury, MAP, CO,dp/dt max and PV dropped markedly and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion reduced obviously. CO and PV in OR group were significantly higher than those in NG group at 4, 8 and 24 hours after burn. Homodynamic parameters and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion in OR group were pro-moted to pre-injury level at 48 and 72 hours respectively, while homodynamic parameters in NR group did not return to pre-injury level till 72 hours, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion kept lower than pre-injury till 120 hours post burn. Rates of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption of GES significantly reduced to the lowest level (42% and 37% of pre-injury) at about 4 hours post bum, but did not return to pre-in-jury level till eight hours post bum. Over five days, two out of eight dogs (25%) died in NG group but none in OR group. Conclusions The animal model can exactly simulate the actual circumstance, where oral resuscitation is superior to Ⅳ resuscitation in some aspects in treating early bum shock in wars, accidents and disasters, and provide practical and reliable method for measurement of homodynamic parameters, tissue perfusion, gastric emptying and intestinal absorptive function.

Objective To investigate the effect of carbachol on local gut inflammation during entetal resuscitation of rats with bum shock. Method Thirty-eight Wistar rats were subjected to 35%TBSA full thickness scald injury, and enteral fluid was infused into animal intestines via duodenal stomas 30 minutes post bum. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: no resuscitation (Control, n = 8), enteral resuscitation using either a glucose electrolyte solution (GES, n = 10) or GES plus carbachol (60 μg·kg-1,GES/CAR, n = 10), or carbachol alone (CAR, n = 10) .The volumeof GES infusion was based on the Parkland formula (4 ml· 1% TB-SA-1·Kg-1) - All animals were sacrificed 4 hours post bum, and specimens of jejunal tissue were collected to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Serum assays for plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were also performed. Results There were no statistical differences in the intestinal levels of NOS, NO, TNF-α and MPO, and plasma OAO activities, between the GES group and the control group. Compared to the GES group, the GES/CAR group showed significantly lowered levels of intestinal NOS (1.276 ±0.391 vs. 1.818 ±0.436, P＜0.05), NO (0.925 ±0.402 vs. 1.561 ±0.190, P ＜ 0.05, TNF-α (0.87±0.13 vs. 1.94±0.47, P ＜0.01) and MPO (0.465 ±0.092 vs. 0.832±0.214, P＜0.05),and reduction in plasma DAO activites (0.732±0.192 vs. 1.381 ±0.564, P ＜0.05). The CAR group also showed significantly lowered levels of intestinal NOS, NO, TNF-α and MPO and reduced plasma DAO activites, compared to the GES group. Conclusions Theses results suggest that carbachol significantly inhibits the release of proinflammatory mediator and attenuates local inflammation in gut during enteral fluid resuscitation of rats in rats with bum shock. We postulate that carbachol may exert its and-inflammatory effects via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

The patient,a 11-year-old boy,presented with a 4-year history of erythema and vesicles on the face and arms as well as a 4-month history of tumor and ulcer on the extremities,accompanied by progressive fatigue and intermittent fever.The patient had a body temperature of 37.7℃.No lymph node involvement was observed.Cutaneous examination revealed minimally indurated pink-red patches on the face and nose and dusky red firm nodules and tumors of varying sizes on the extremities.The nodules ranged from 2.0 cm to 18 cm in diameter,some had necrosis and black crusts on the surface.Ulcers were observed in some of the larger nodules;many of the ulcers extended into the muscle layer.White purulent discharge was seen on the surface of many of the nodules.The lesions were sharply demarcated,firm,tender, and surrounded by small satelite nodules.Histologically,there were large quantities of irregularly shaped, middle-sized tumor cells with clear cytoplasm,large twisted nuclei and prominent chromatin,infiltrating from the epidermis to subcutaneous tissue.The tumor cells infiltrating the follicles and eccrine sweat glands were either distributed perivascularly in a nest shape,or dispersed.There were broken nuclei and reactive histio- cytic infiltration in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Immunohistologically,the tumor cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3 around the nuclei,for CD56,CD45RO and T cell intracellular antigen-l,and partly for CD30,CD8 and Ki67.Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear RNA was positive with in situ hybridization. TCR?-2 gene rearrangement was positive in these tumor cells.A diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma was made.Therefore,this is a case report of hydroa vaccini- forme-like primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma with primary involvement in the skin;the condition was slowly progressive over 51 months.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men of the Han ethnic group in Ningxia.

METHODSUsing anthropometry, we calculated the mean ratio of 2D:4D and BMI of 197 infertile men and 148 normal healthy male controls, followed by analysis of their relationship.

RESULTSThe BMI was correlated positively with the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in the infertile men (P < 0.05) and in the patients with a higher 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05), but negatively with the 2D:4D ratio of the righ/left (Dr-1) (left: P < 0.01; Dr-l: P < 0.05). The mean 2D: 4D ratio and BMI were both lower in the normal control than in the infertile men, with statistically significant differences in BMI (P < 0.05) and the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI in infertile men.

Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Fingers ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; Male

BACKGROUNDEndogenous hydrogen sulfide is a new neuromodulator which takes part in the regulation of central nervous system physiology and diseases. Whether endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the central nervous system regulates cardiovascular activity is not known. In the present study, we observed the hemodynamic changes of hydrogen sulfide or its precursor by intracerebroventricular injection, and investigate the possible roles of endogenous digitalis like factors and sympathetic activity in the regulation.

METHODSNinety-four Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a right cerebroventricular puncture, then the hydrogen sulfide saturation buffer or its precursor injected by intrcerebroventricular catheter. A heperin-filled catheter was inserted into the right femoral artery or into the left ventricle, and changes of blood pressure or cardiac function recorded by a Powerlab/4S instrument. Phentolamine or metoprolol were pre-injected to observe the possible role in autonomic nerve activity. After rats were sacrificed, plasma was collected and endogenous digitalis-like factors were measured with a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. The aortic, cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles were isolated and the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was measured as ouabain-sensitive ATP hydrolysis under maximal velocity conditions by measuring the release of inorganic phosphate from ATP. Unpaired Student's t test for two groups or analysis of variances (ANOVA) for multiple groups were used to compare the differences of the changes.

RESULTSIntracerebroventricular injection of hydrogen sulfide induced a transient hypotension, then dramatic hypertenive effects in a dose-dependent manner. Bolus injection of L-cysteine or beta- mercaptopyruvate also increased mean arterial pressure (P < 0.01), whereas hydroxylamine-a cystathionine beta synthase inhibitor decreased the arterial pressure (P < 0.01). Hydrogen sulfide and L-cysteine increased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular develop pressure and left-ventricle maximal rate of systolic and diastolic pressure; these functions were decreased by hydroxylamine (P < 0.01). Glibenclamide (a K(ATP) channel blocker) blocked the transient hypotensive effect, phentolamine (an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker) blocked the hypertensive effect, and metoprolol (a selective beta 1 receptor blocker) blocked the positive inoptropic effect of central nervous system hydrogen sulfide. The endogenous digitalis-like factors in plasma were elevated (P < 0.01) after treatment with L-cysteine, association with decreasing Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in cardiac or aortic sarcolemmal vesicles (P < 0.01). Hydroxylamine injection reduced the endogenous digitalis-like factors level in plasma association with increasing Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in cardiac and aortic sarcolemmal vesicles.

CONCLUSIONCentral nervous system endogenous hydrogen sulfide upregulated mean arterial pressure and cardiac systolic function by activation of sympathetic nerves or release of endogenous digitalis-like factors.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cardenolides ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase ; metabolism ; Cysteine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Male ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Sulfurtransferases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of DPC4 gene expression on the growth of colon cancer cells and its mechanism.

METHODSExpression plasmid pcDNA3.1-DPC4 was constructed and transfected into the colon cancer cell line SW620 by use of lipofectamine gene transfer technique. DPC4 protein expression was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The effect of DPC4 gene on the growth of SW620 cells was monitored by population doubling time (PDT) and cloning efficiency. The influence of DPC4 expression on p21WAF1 transcription was investigated by RT-PCR to detect p21WAF1 mRNA.

RESULTSSuccessful expression of DPC4 protein was detected in the transfected SW620 cells. Compared with the control cells, PDT (74 h) of the DPC4 expressing cells was prolonged and the cloning efficiency (21%) decreased. In addition, the mRNA level of p21(WAF1) in DPC4 transfected cells was increased.

CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of DPC4 gene inhibits the growth of colon cancer in vitro, and induction of p21(WAF1) expression may be an important functional aspect of DPC4.

Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Division ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Smad4 Protein ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male