Objective A method was developed for determination of the total triterpene glycosides in different sea cucumbers.Methods A holostane triterpene glycoside called Echinoside A was taken as the reference standard.Triterpene glycosides were reacted with vanillin and perchloric acid.The sea cucumbers were extracted by 60% ethanol and partitioned between water and n-butanol to gain the total triterpene glycosides.The contents of total triterpene glycosides in 11 kinds of sea cucumbers were determined with the standard curve.And the relationships of the triterpene glycosides content among different sea cucumber species,growth environment,process technique,etc.were discussed by the value of TG/P(triterpene glycosides content /protein content).Results The determination wavelength was confirmed to be 560nm and the standard curve was determined as y-1.3414x-0.0077.The ab-sorbance was of a good linearity in the mass range of 0-0.5mg with R2 =0.9994.The recovery of this method was(99.01?2.82)% and the relative standard deviation was 4.68%.Conclusion The method has been proved to be convenient,reliable and suitable for the analysis of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers.

Dystonia is a common movement disorder characterized by abnormal gestures and involuntary movement as a result of incoordinate contraction of agonistic and antagonistic muscles.The underlying pathogenesis is very complicated and there are various clinical manifestations.The recent findings in genetics and clinical features of primary dystonia,dystonia-plus syndrome and heredodegenerative dystonia are introduced in this paper.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of dendritic cells modified by sCD41)gene on T lymphocytes phenotypes and cytokines production and the mechanism of inducing donor-specific immune tolerance in vitro.Methods T lymphocytes prepared with Nylon Fiber Column from Balb/c mice(as reaction cells)and DCs of different groups(as stimulation cells)were subjected to primary mixed lymphocyte culture(MLC).After incubation for 7 days,the responsiveness of the cells was de- tected by MTS method at the indicated time points,and supernatants were assayed for IFN-?,IL-2, IL-4,IL-10 by ELISA kits.On the day 5,the cultured cells were assessed for the expression of CD4, CDS,CD25 and CD69 by using flow cytometry(FCM).After secondary MLC for 5 days,the same indexes were assayed hy using the same methods.Results Dendritic cells modified by sCD40 could in- duce the hyporesponsiveness to alloantigen in primary and secondary MLC.In primary MLC,the ex- pression of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells and CD4~+ CD25~+,CD8~+ CD25~+,CD4~+ CD69~+,CD8~+ CD69~+ T cells in IX;modified by sCD40 group were less than those in control group(P

0.35 U?L-1 was taken as standard of positive detection.Among all the 20 allergen,atopy could be diagnosed by one positive allergen detected.The controlling non-atopy group were the controlls.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect viruses in the nasopharyngeal secretions of these patients,including respiratory syncytial viruses,rhincvirus,influenza virus,parainfluenza,human metocpneumo virus,human bocavirus,enterovirus.The virus-positive patients were then divided into 2 groups,atopic virus-positive group and non-atopic virus-positive group.Cytokines IL-12 and IL-27 were further determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay me-thod.Results A total of 65 cases(56.0%) and 77 cases(66.4%) out of 116 cases of recurrent wheezing children,were found to be allergen-positive and virus-positive,respectively.The virus-positive rate was 75.4% in atopic group and 54.9% in non-atopic group.There was a significant difference in the virus-positive rates between the atopic and non-atopic group(?2=5.37,P0.05).Furthermore,serum IL-12 and IL-27 in the atopic group were significantly higher than those in the non-atopic group(t=2.579,2.573,Pa

Objective Toinvestigate the role of dynamic dispersion of electrical recovery in ventricular fibrillation maintenance mechanism.Method Thirty-seren male Yorkshire pigs weighing (23?2.5) kg at 3 months age were randomly divided into Sham-operated group and myocardial infarction group in which the first branch of left anterior descending coronary artery of animals was hgated.After 4 weeks,according to VF occurrence by programmed electrical simulation,the myocardial infarction hearts were divided into two groups, twelve hearts in VF (+) group or six hearts in VF (-) group;and the normal hearts were divided into two groups,five hearts in VF (+) group or ten hearts in VF (-) group.Action potential duration (APD) of subendocardial,subepicardial and mid-layer myocardium of left ventricular anterior wall were recorded simultaneously.The relationship between APD and diastolic interval was quantified as an electrical restitution curve.A Student's-test was used to specify differences between groups.Results At the fourth week after coronary artery ligation,eighteen myocardial infarction hearts and fifteen normal hearts were investigated.When investigating transmural dispersion of reporlarization (TDR) of left ventricle,there was no difference between VF (+) group and VF (-) group [ (20.43?7.01) ms vs (22.32?7.53) ms,P=0.45],although there was statistically significant between normal hearts and myocardial infarction hearts [ (15.66?4.45) ms vs (25.72?6.70) ms,P =0.001].The percentage of APD restitution slope exceed 1 and APD restitution slope maximum were high in the VF (+) group with myocardial infarction hearts and in the VF (+) group with normal hearts, lower in the the VF (-) with normal hearts and lowest in the the VF (-) group with myocardial infarction hearts.Conclusion Dynamic APD restitution properties may play an important role in the ventricular fibrillation maintenance mechanism.The APD restitution slope and not static TDR have prognostic value regarding ventricular fibrillation events.The hearts with the steepest of APD restitution curves has the greatest liability of ventricular fibrillation to happen.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; etiology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of lateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap for the repair of soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle.

METHODSFrom May 2009 to October 2013,12 patients with soft tissue defects combined with tendon and bone exposure in the foot and ankle were treated by lateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap for the repair of soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle, including 9 males and 3 females with an average age of 37.5 years old ranging from 19 to 58 years. Ten cases had the soft tissue defects in the dorsum of foot and 2 in the ankle. The defect area of soft tissue was from 11 cm x 9 cm to 8 cm x 5 cm.

RESULTSTwelve patients were follow-up for 3 to 12 months (averaged 7.3 months). The flaps of 9 cases were survived,the flaps edges of the other 3 cases were necrosis,and healed after dressing change. The flaps were slightly swelling without ulcer occurrence.

CONCLUSIONLateral supramalleolar artery descending branch antidromic flap can repairing the damage by one-stage operation with advantage of dissection easy,rich blood supply without sacrifice of major artery.

Adult ; Ankle ; blood supply ; surgery ; Arteries ; surgery ; Female ; Foot ; blood supply ; surgery ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Objective:To clone and express the Staphylococcus aureus Efb(extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein) protein in Escherichia coli, to purify the expression product and prepare its functional antibody and to detect the functions of Efb protein for further studies on S.aureus infection.Methods: Efb gene was amplified by PCR using S.aureus NCTC-8325 genome DNA as template and cloned into the recombinant expression vectors pET28a. E.coli BL21(DE3) with the plasmid was induced with IPTG for protein production. The protein was purified by Ni~(2+) affinity chromatography. The function of Efb protein was determined by complement activity assay and inhibition ELISA.The polyclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing the animals. Results: The purified recombinant Efb was obtained, which could inhibit the CH50 and AH50 effectively. The functional poly-antibodies of Efb were prepared.Conclusion:Efb could inhibit the classical pathway and alternative pathway of complement activation, and the antibodies against to Efb could block the inhibition of the classical pathway of complement activation induced by Efb.

Absract: Objective To report the result of annual monitoring and analysis of nasopharyngeal virus in children with respiratory tract infections in Nanxiang, Shanghai District. Methods Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 4389 children with acute respiratory tract infection in outpatient department from January 2007 to September 2013, 9 common respiratory viruses were analyzed by Multiplex RT-PCR, including inlfuenza virus (FLU), parainlfuenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) , adenovirus (ADV), human bocavirus(HBOV), human coronavirus(Cov), enterovirus(EV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), and rhinovirus(HRV). The same analysis was done in 123 asymptomatic children during the same period. Results The positive rate of detected respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections in nasopharyngeal secretions were 34.8% (1526/4389), including FLU 10.3% (453/4389), RSV 7.3% (320/4389), PIV 6.2%(274/4389), ADV 3.3%(146/4389), HBOV 2.7%(118/4389), EV 2.5%(110/4389), Cov 2.4%(105/4389), HRV 1.6%(72/4389), HMPV 1.5%(67/4389);two and more combined respiratory viral infection were found in 273 cases (6.2%). The virus detection
rate between age groups was signiifcantly different (χ2=41.91, P<0.001). The school-age group had the lowest positive rate of 23.4%and the positive rates in other three groups were all higher than 35.0%. The infant group had the higher positive rate of RSV and HRV. FLU detection rate in school-age group was 13.6%. Respiratory viruses in children with asthmatic disease has high detection rate. RSV infection rate was the highest 14.8%(30/204) in the asthmatic disease group, followed by HBOV 13.8% (28/204). In nasopharyngeal secretions of 123 asymptomatic children, virus-positive detection rate of 6.5% (8/123), which showed signiifcant difference from that in respiratory virus infection group (χ2=42.60, P<0.001). Conclusions In seven consecutive years of testing, the inlfuenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus play an important role in children with respiratory tract infections in this region. The detection rate of virus showed difference between different age groups and a higher detection rate of RSV in infants with respiratory tract infections was observed. The overall detection rate of virus was decreased with the increase of age excluding the inlfuenza virus.

Biotransformation of bioactive natural leading compounds is a kind of bioprocess in which the structure of the added bioactive natural leading compounds could be modified by biocatalysts(e.g.,enzyme,microbial,plant and animal cells) in order to produce high efficient and low toxicity compounds.The biotransformation purpose of the known bioactive natural leading compounds is to improve its efficiency,or reduce its toxicity,or improve its solubility and bioavailability.The trace and high-valued bioactive natural leading compounds also could be produced by the biotransformation,and the biotransformation of bioactive natural leading compounds is still helpful to study the mechanism of drug metabolism.The current focus of the biotransformation of bioactive natural leading compounds is on the compounds of steroid,quinine,flavone and terpene,and some important biotransformation process has been successfully screened out.Fundamental research should be done in the following fields,such as the biotransformation mechanism of bioactive natural leading compounds,biotransformation process engineering,and the efficiency evaluation of bioproducts produced by biotransformation.The latest biotechnology(e.g.,directed evolution of biocatalyst,combinatorial biotransformation,non-aqueous biotransformation,high throughput screening) should be introduced to the biotransformation of bioactive natural leading compounds,which will boost its fast development.