Objective:To compare the differences between Workshop teaching and PowerPoint teaching being used in resident doctor/advanced doctor training,and to investigate effectiveness of Workshop teaching.Method:Over the limit of teacher on the stage and students off the stage,teacher demonstrated to students hand by hand during Workshop teaching;Over the limit of the students being accepted knowledge passively,teacher encouraged them to take part in mutually;Over the limit of theories lesson separating with practical one,teacher supply more opportunity to operate for students practically.Results:The effectiveness of Workshop teaching mode in practicability and performance ability was better than PowerPoint teaching mode'(P

Objective To investigate the effective and inexpensive therapy to partial denture arches with seriously interlaced occlusion. Methods Occlusal reconstructions with fixed and removable prosthesis were taken to cure partial denture arches with seriously interlaced occlusion. Masticatory efficiency was measured and X-rays of Schillers position were taken before and after therapy. Results After therapy masticatory efficiency was raised. And the function of TMJ was better. Conclusion Occlusal reconstruction with fixed and removable prosthesis is an effective way to cure partial denture arches with seriously interlaced occlusion.

Anticonvulsants ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Epilepsy, Complex Partial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Radiography ; Ring Chromosomes

Objective To analyse the pathologic changes and MRI appearances of mitrial atresia (MA). Methods MRI appearances of 5 cases with MA confirmed by operation were reviewed and compared with angiocardiography (CAG). Results MRI demonstrated the pathologic characteristics of three types of MA according to the traditional classification:biventricular hearts with imperforate mitral valve (1 case),univentricular heart of right ventricular type with absent left atrioventricular connection (3 cases) and univentricular heart of left ventricular type with imperforate mitral valve (1 case).MRI still provided anatomic information of associated anomalies including mainly aneurysms of atrial septum (1 case),total anomalous pulmonary venous drainge into superior vena cava (1 case),absent left pulmonary artery (1 case) and pulmonary stenosis (4 cases). The right atrial and(or) ventricular angiocardiograms in the 5 cases could not display the anatomic morphology of the malformation,with exception of one case only. Conclusion MRI is valuable in diagnosis of MA.

Objective To fully assess the status of cancer chemotherapy quality of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai City in order to improve the quality control system of cancer chemotherapy.Method According to the supervision plan of Shanghai Cancer Chemotherapy Quality Control Center,all of the 103 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai City which administrated chemotherapy to cancer patients have been inspected in 2015.SPSS13.0 was used for data aggregation and analysis.Result The cancer chemotherapy quality was significantly different between the secondary and tertiary hospitals,as well as between the oncoiogy and non-oncology departments,the main problems were as follow.:the informed consent content was incomplete (33.04％);pathological diagnosis was incomplete or missing (15.50％);tumor stage was not standardized or no staging (56.27％);the chemotherapy purposes (42.44％) and the chemotherapy indications (37.47％) and contraindications (12.21％) were incomplete or missing;the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy was incomplete or not evaluated (24.10％);the mid-term assessment was incomplete or not evaluated (27.72％);admission history (16.28％) and records of the chemotherapy day (32.04％) were incomplete or missing.Conclusion The quality of medical records of cancer chem0therapy in Shanghai City is significantly related to hospital level and specialty.The hospital authorities should learn the quality control standards based on their own problems.

[Objective] To observe the effects of Changyanqing, a Chinese prescription with the actions of regulating qi and activating blood, strengthening spleen-qi and clearing away heat, on ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore its therapeutic mechanism . [ Methods ] Forty mice were randomized into Changyanqing group ( Group A ), salicylazosulfapyridine group (Group B), Changyanqing and salicylazosulfapyridine (Group C) and model group (Group D). Mouse models with UC were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Effects of Changyanqing on disease activity index (DAI) and intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) content were observed. [Results] Changyanqing reduced DAI and MPO activity and its effect was similar to that of salicylazosulfapyridine. [ Conclusion ] Changyanqing exerts a better effect in treating DSS-induced UC and one of its therapeutic mechanisms may be related to the reduction of MPO activity.

The relationship between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene polymorphism and inhibitory effects of triptolide on TNF-alpha production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy humans was investigated. Genomic DNA from 41 healthy people was typed for TNF-alpha--308 polymorphism by allele-specific polymorphism chain reaction (AS-PCR). The TNF-alpha concentration in the supernatant was measured by ELISA. The results showed that the production of TNF-alpha from TNF-alpha--308 non-G/G genotype PBMC was higher than that from TNF-alpha--308 G/G genotype PBMC after stimulated by LPS. Triptolide could lower the production of TNF-alpha from G/ G genotype PBMC, but had no effect on the level of TNF-alpha from non-G/G genotype PBMC. It was concluded that TNF-alpha gene polymorphism was related to the TNF-alpha production from triptolide-inhibited PBMC culture in healthy humans.

The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model was applied to study the effect of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen of rats. Buagafuran concentrations in intestinal perfusate and blood in vena mesenterica collected at different time points after perfusion were determined by GC-MS. Permeability coefficient of buagafuran was calculated by the equation [P(lumen) = -(Q/2pirl)Ln(C(out)/C(in)) and P(blood) = (deltaM(B)/deltat)/(2pirl)]. The effects of troleandomycin (TAO, CYP3A inhibitor), cyclosporin A (CYP3A/p-glycoprotein inhibitor) on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen were observed. After rat single-pass intestinal perfusion, the cumulative amount of buagafuran in mesenteric vein of rat was 73.4, 82.9, and 98.3 pmol x cm(-2) and were increased 3.9, 4.6, and 5.6 fold by addition of inhibitor of P-gp (LSN335984), CYP3A (TAO) or P-gp and CYP3A (CsA), respectively. Moreover, the metabolized fraction of buagafuran was decreased by 12%, 11% and 21% with inhibitors. The results suggested that the poor bioavailability of buagafuran was mostly due to the interplay of P-gp and CYP3A on the absorption, transport and metabolism of buagafuran in intestine of rats.

A simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for the quantification of tenofovir in plasma of Beagle dogs using HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The analytes tenofovir and internal standard (IS) adefovir were separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (3.5 microm, 100 mm x 2.1 mm, Agilent, USA) with mobile phase of methanol/water containing 0.3% formic acid using a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.2 mL x min(-1). The plasma sample preparation was a simple deproteinization by the addition of 20% trichloroacetic acid followed by centrifugation. The detection was performed in positive selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The reactions monitored were m/z 288.1-176.2 for tenofovir and m/z 274.1-162.2 for adefovir (IS). Linear detection responses were obtained for tenofovir ranging from 10 to 5 000 ng x mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD%) was no more than 6.3% with high recovery and good stability for the quantification, indicating the present method was specific, fast, accurate and reliable. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of two tenofovir agents. Tenofovir dipivoxil fumarate (BP0018, test agent) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (reference agent) were orally administrated to 8 Beagle dogs according to the 2 x 2 crossover design. Comparing with the reference agent, the longer MRT and t1/2 were obtained in the group of BP0018, while no significant difference was observed in AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), C(max) and t(max) between them, suggesting that tenofovir dipivoxil fumarate was bioequivalent to the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in Beagle dogs.

It is valuable to establish a chemical-pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamics (PD) fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for comprehensively understanding the TCM integrated conception and revealing the material foundation. The chemical, metabolic in vitro, and PK/PD in vivo fingerprints of Schisandra chinensis (SC) alcoholic extract were established and comparatively analyzed using HPLC-UV-MS method, rat liver microsomes in vitro and CCl4 intoxicated rats in vivo. Four known effective lignans, schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schisandrin, were detected as the standard references in SC alcoholic extract with high concentration. SC alcoholic extract and four lignans when incubated with rat liver microsomes produced several metabolites in NAPDH-dependent manner. Chemical fingerprint of some components with bioactivities were also identified in PK and PD fingerprints in normal and ALI rats that explained the material foundation of SC alcoholic extract for multiple pharmacological effects. Schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schisandrin could be considered as the "PK marker" of SC alcoholic extract or its relevant preparations, while two metabolites of the four lignans, 7, 8-dihydroxy-schizandrin and another one (M(W) 432), could be recognized as drug-metabolism (DM) Marker. This work provides experimental data for the further studies of metabolism or material foundation of SC components.