OBJECTIVE: To observe the rehabilitation effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation( NPPV) in treating pneumoconiosis patients with pulmonary dyspnea. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was used to analyze the treatment compliance,treatment time,treatment effect and adverse reactions of 295 pneumoconiosis patients who had undergone inpatient NPPV treatment. RESULTS: The median of NPPV treatment time of 295 pneumoconiosis patients was 14( 1-281)days. The treatment compliance rate was 79. 66 %( 235 /295). The dyspnea improvement rate was 73. 22 %( 216 /295).The Chi-square test results showed that the dyspnea improvement rate increased with the prolonged treatment time( P <0. 01). Among these,the dyspnea improvement rates of groups with treatment time of 10 days,20 days and ≥ 30 days were higher than group with treatment time < 10 days,the dyspnea improvement rate of the group with treatment time ≥30days was higher than 10 days group( P < 0. 01). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7. 12 %. CONCLUSION: NPPV treatment could improve dyspnea symptoms of pneumoconiosis patients with less adverse reaction.